POR 20111231 10K


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K
[x]
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

OR
[ ]
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 1-5532-99
 
 
 
 
PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
Oregon
93-0256820
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
121 SW Salmon Street
Portland, Oregon 97204
(503) 464-8000
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code,
and Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock, no par value
New York Stock Exchange
(Title of class)
(Name of exchange on which registered)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  [x]    No  [ ]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  [ ]    No  [x]







Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  [x]    No  [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Date File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  [x]    No  [ ]

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  [x]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 
Large accelerated filer
[x]
 
Accelerated filer
[ ]
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
[ ]
 
Smaller reporting company
[ ]
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  [ ]    No  [x]

As of June 30, 2011, the aggregate market value of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $1,900,588,219. For purposes of this calculation, executive officers and directors are considered affiliates.

As of February 17, 2012, there were 75,367,284 shares of common stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Part III, Items 10 - 14
Portions of Portland General Electric Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2012.





PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
Item 1A.
 
Item 1B.
 
Item 2.
 
Item 3.
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
Item 6.
 
Item 7.
 
Item 7A.
 
Item 8.
 
Item 9.
 
Item 9A.
 
Item 9B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
 
Item 11.
 
Item 12.
 
Item 13.
 
Item 14.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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DEFINITIONS

The following abbreviations or acronyms used throughout this Form 10-K are defined below:
 
Abbreviation or Acronym
 
Definition
AFDC
 
Allowance for funds used during construction
AUT
 
Annual Power Cost Update Tariff
Beaver
 
Beaver natural gas-fired generating plant
Biglow Canyon
 
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm
Boardman
 
Boardman coal-fired generating plant
BPA
 
Bonneville Power Administration
CAA
 
Clean Air Act
Colstrip
 
Colstrip Units 3 and 4 coal-fired generating plant
Coyote Springs
 
Coyote Springs Unit 1 natural gas-fired generating plant
Dth
 
Decatherm = 10 therms = 1,000 cubic feet of natural gas
DEQ
 
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
EPA
 
United States Environmental Protection Agency
ESA
 
Endangered Species Act
ESS
 
Electricity Service Supplier
FERC
 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
IRP
 
Integrated Resource Plan
ISFSI
 
Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
kV
 
Kilovolt = one thousand volts of electricity
kW
 
Kilowatt = one thousand watts of electricity
kWh
 
Kilowatt hours
Moody’s
 
Moody’s Investors Service
MW
 
Megawatts
MWa
 
Average megawatts
MWh
 
Megawatt hours
NRC
 
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NVPC
 
Net Variable Power Costs
OATT
 
Open Access Transmission Tariff
OEQC
 
Oregon Environmental Quality Commission
OPUC
 
Public Utility Commission of Oregon
PCAM
 
Power Cost Adjustment Mechanism
Port Westward
 
Port Westward natural gas-fired generating plant
REP
 
Residential Exchange Program
RPS
 
Renewable Portfolio Standard
S&P
 
Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services
SEC
 
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SIP
 
Oregon Regional Haze State Implementation Plan
Trojan
 
Trojan nuclear power plant
USDOE
 
United States Department of Energy
VIE
 
Variable interest entity


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PART I
 
ITEM 1.     BUSINESS.

General

Portland General Electric Company (PGE or the Company) was incorporated in 1930 and is a vertically integrated electric utility engaged in the generation, purchase, transmission, distribution, and retail sale of electricity in the state of Oregon. PGE operates as a cost-based, regulated electric utility, with revenue requirements and customer prices determined based on the forecasted cost to serve retail customers, and a reasonable rate of return as determined by the Public Utility Commission of Oregon (OPUC). The Company’s retail load requirement is met with both Company-owned generation and power purchased in the wholesale market. The Company also participates in the wholesale market by purchasing and selling electricity and natural gas in order to obtain reasonably-priced power for its retail customers. PGE is publicly-owned, with its common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and operates as a single segment, with revenues and costs related to its business activities maintained and analyzed on a total electric operations basis.

PGE’s state-approved service area allocation of approximately 4,000 square miles is located entirely within Oregon and includes 52 incorporated cities, of which Portland and Salem are the largest. The Company estimates that at the end of 2011 its service area population was 1.7 million, comprising approximately 44% of the state’s population. During 2011, the Company added 1,790 customers and as of December 31, 2011, served a total of 822,466 retail customers.

PGE had 2,634 employees as of December 31, 2011, with 840 employees covered under two separate agreements with Local Union No. 125 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. Such agreements cover 804 and 36 employees and expire in February 2015 and August 2014, respectively.

Available Information

PGE’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available and may be accessed free of charge through the Investors section of the Company’s Internet website at www.portlandgeneral.com as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). It is not intended that PGE’s website and the information contained therein or connected thereto be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information may also be obtained via the SEC Internet website at www.sec.gov.


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Regulation and Rates

PGE is subject to both federal and state regulation, which can have a significant impact on the operations of the Company. In addition to those agencies and activities discussed below, the Company is subject to regulation by certain environmental agencies, as described in the Environmental Matters section in this Item 1.

Federal Regulation

PGE is subject to regulation by several federal agencies, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

FERC Regulation

The Company is a “licensee,” a “public utility,” and a “user, owner and operator of the bulk power system,” as defined in the Federal Power Act, and is subject to regulation by the FERC in matters related to wholesale energy activities, transmission services, reliability standards, natural gas pipelines, hydroelectric projects, accounting policies and practices, short-term debt issuances, and certain other matters.

Wholesale Energy—PGE has authority under its FERC Market-Based Rates tariff to charge market-based rates for wholesale energy sales. Re-authorization for continued use of such rates requires the filing of triennial market power studies with the FERC. The Company’s next triennial market power study is due in June 2013.

Transmission—PGE offers transmission service pursuant to its Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT), which is filed with the FERC. As required by the OATT, PGE provides information regarding its transmission business on its Open Access Same-time Information System, also known as OASIS. As of December 31, 2011, PGE owned approximately 1,100 circuit miles of transmission lines. For additional information, see the Transmission and Distribution section in this Item 1. and in Item 2.—“Properties.”

Reliability and Cyber Security Standards—Pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), the FERC has adopted mandatory reliability standards for owners, users and operators of the bulk power system. Such standards, which are applicable to PGE, were developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), which has responsibility for compliance and enforcement of these standards. These standards include Critical Infrastructure Protection standards, a set of cyber security standards that provide a framework to identify and protect critical cyber assets used to support reliable operation of the bulk power system.

Pipeline—The Natural Gas Act of 1938 and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 provide the FERC authority in matters related to the extension, enlargement, safety, and abandonment of jurisdictional pipeline facilities, as well as transportation rates and accounting for interstate natural gas commerce. PGE is subject to such authority as the Company has a 79.5% ownership interest in and is the operator of record of the Kelso-Beaver Pipeline, a 17-mile interstate pipeline that provides natural gas to its Port Westward and Beaver plants. As the operator of record, PGE is subject to the requirements and regulations enacted under the Pipeline Safety Laws administered by the PHMSA, which include safety standards, operator qualification standards and public awareness requirements.

Hydroelectric Licensing—Under the Federal Power Act, PGE’s hydroelectric generating plants are subject to FERC licensing requirements. These include an extensive public review process that involves the consideration of numerous natural resource issues and environmental conditions. PGE holds FERC licenses for the Company’s projects on the Deschutes, Clackamas, and Willamette Rivers. For additional information, see the Environmental Matters section in this Item 1.

Accounting Policies and Practices—Pursuant to applicable provisions of the Federal Power Act, PGE prepares financial statements in accordance with the accounting requirements of the FERC, as set forth in its applicable

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Uniform System of Accounts and published accounting releases. Such financial statements are included in annual and quarterly reports filed with the FERC.

Short-term Debt—Pursuant to applicable provisions of the Federal Power Act and FERC regulations, regulated public utilities are required to obtain FERC approval to issue certain securities. The Company, pursuant to an order issued by the FERC on December 28, 2011, is authorized to issue up to $700 million of short-term debt through February 6, 2014.

NRC Regulation

The NRC regulates the licensing and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, including PGE’s Trojan nuclear power plant (Trojan), which was closed in 1993. The NRC approved the 2003 transfer of spent nuclear fuel from a spent fuel pool to a separately licensed dry cask storage facility that will house the fuel on the plant site until a U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) facility is available. Radiological decommissioning of the plant site was completed in 2004 under an NRC-approved plan, with the plant’s operating license terminated in 2005. Spent fuel storage activities will continue to be subject to NRC regulation until all nuclear fuel is removed from the site and radiological decommissioning of the storage facility is completed.

State of Oregon Regulation

PGE is subject to the jurisdiction of the OPUC, which is comprised of three members appointed by Oregon’s governor to serve non-concurrent four-year terms.

The OPUC reviews and approves the Company’s retail prices (see “Ratemaking” below) and establishes conditions of utility service. In addition, the OPUC regulates the issuance of securities, prescribes accounting policies and practices, and reviews applications to sell utility assets, engage in transactions with affiliated companies, and acquire substantial influence over a public utility. The OPUC also reviews the Company’s generation and transmission resource acquisition plans, pursuant to an integrated resource planning process. For additional information on the integrated resource planning process, see Power Supply section of this Item 1.

Oregon’s Energy Facility Siting Council (EFSC) has regulatory and siting responsibility for large electric generating facilities, high voltage transmission lines, gas pipelines, and radioactive waste disposal sites. The EFSC also has responsibility for overseeing the decommissioning of Trojan. The seven volunteer members of the EFSC are appointed to four-year terms by the state’s governor, with staff support provided by the Oregon Department of Energy.

Integrated Resource Plan—Unless the OPUC directs otherwise, PGE is required to file with the OPUC an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) within two years of its previous IRP acknowledgment order. The IRP guides the utility on how it will meet future customer demand and describes the Company’s future energy supply strategy, reflecting new technologies, market conditions, and regulatory requirements. The primary goal of the IRP is to identify an acquisition plan for generation, transmission, demand-side and energy efficiency resources that, along with the Company’s existing portfolio, provides the best combination of expected cost and associated risks and uncertainties for PGE and its customers.

Ratemaking—Under Oregon law, the OPUC is required to ensure that prices and terms of service are fair, non-discriminatory, and provide regulated companies an opportunity to earn a reasonable return on their investments. Customer prices are determined through formal ratemaking proceedings that generally include testimony by participating parties, discovery, public hearings, and the issuance of a final order. Participants in such proceedings, which are conducted under established procedural schedules, include PGE, OPUC staff, and intervenors.
 
General Rate Cases. PGE periodically evaluates the need to change its retail electric price structure to sufficiently cover its operating costs and provide a reasonable rate of return. Such changes are requested pursuant to a comprehensive general rate case process that includes a forecasted test year, debt-to-equity

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capital structure, return on equity, and overall rate of return. Revenue requirements and retail customer price changes are proposed based upon such factors. PGE’s most recent general rate case was the 2011 General Rate Case, which became effective on January 1, 2011. For additional information, see the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Power Costs. In addition to price changes resulting from the general rate case process, the OPUC has approved the following mechanisms by which PGE can adjust retail customer prices to cover the Company’s NVPC, which consists of the cost of power and fuel (including related transportation costs) less revenues from wholesale power and fuel sales: 
Annual Power Cost Update Tariff (AUT). Under this tariff, customer prices are adjusted annually to reflect the latest forecast of NVPC. Such forecasts assume average regional hydro conditions (based on seventy years of stream flow data covering the period 1928 - 1998) and current hydro operating parameters. The NVPC forecasts also assume average wind conditions (based on wind studies completed in connection with the permitting process of the wind farm) for PGE-owned wind generation and normal operating conditions for thermal generating plants. An initial NVPC forecast, submitted to the OPUC by April 1st each year, is updated during the year and finalized in November. Based upon the final forecast, new prices, as approved by the OPUC, become effective at the beginning of the next calendar year; and 
Power Cost Adjustment Mechanism (PCAM). Customer prices can also be adjusted to reflect a portion of the difference between each year’s forecasted NVPC included in prices and actual NVPC for the year. Under the PCAM, PGE is subject to a portion of the business risk or benefit associated with the difference between actual NVPC and that included in base prices (baseline NVPC). The PCAM utilizes an asymmetrical deadband range within which PGE absorbs cost variances, with a 90/10 sharing of such variances between customers and the Company outside of the deadband. Annual results of the PCAM are subject to application of a regulated earnings test, under which a refund will occur only to the extent that it results in PGE’s actual regulated return on equity (ROE) for that year being no less than 1% above the Company’s latest authorized ROE. A collection will occur only to the extent that it results in PGE’s actual regulated ROE for that year being no greater than 1% below the Company’s authorized ROE. A final determination of any customer refund or collection is made by the OPUC through a public filing and review typically during the second half of the following year. The OPUC order in PGE’s 2011 General Rate Case provides for a fixed deadband range of $15 million below, to $30 million above, forecasted NVPC, beginning in 2011. For additional information, see the Results of Operations section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” 

Renewable Energy. The 2007 Oregon Renewable Energy Act (the Act) established a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) which requires that PGE serve at least 5% of its retail load with renewable resources by 2011, 15% by 2015, 20% by 2020, and 25% by 2025. PGE has sufficient renewable resources to meet the 2011 - 2014 requirements of the Act. Further, the Company expects to have sufficient resources to meet the 2015 requirements with additional resources included in its most recent Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It is anticipated that requirements for subsequent years will be met by the acquisition of additional renewable resources, as determined pursuant to the Company’s integrated resource planning process. The Act also allows Renewable Energy Credits, resulting from energy generated from qualified renewable resources placed in service after January 1, 1995, to be carried forward, with any excess of what is required to meet the Company’s compliance obligation used to fulfill RPS requirements of future years. For additional information, see the Power Supply section in this Item 1.

The Act also provides for the recovery in customer prices of all prudently incurred costs required to comply with the RPS. Under a renewable adjustment clause (RAC) mechanism, PGE can recover the revenue requirement of new renewable resources and associated transmission that are not yet included in prices. Under the RAC, PGE submits a filing by April 1st of each year for new renewable resources

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expected to be placed in service in the current year, with prices to become effective January 1st of the following year. In addition, the RAC provides for the deferral and subsequent recovery of eligible costs incurred prior to January 1st of the following year.

For additional information, see the “Legal, Regulatory and Environmental Matters” discussion in the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Other ratemaking proceedings can involve charges or credits related to specific costs, programs, or activities, as well as the recovery or refund of deferred amounts recorded pursuant to specific OPUC authorization. Such amounts are generally collected from, or refunded to, retail customers through the use of supplemental tariffs.

Retail Customer Choice Program—PGE’s commercial and industrial customers have access to pricing options other than cost-of-service, including direct access and daily market based pricing. All commercial and industrial customers are eligible for direct access, whereby customers purchase their electricity from an Electricity Service Supplier (ESS), and PGE continues to deliver the energy to the customers. Large commercial and industrial customers may elect to be served by PGE on a daily market based price. Certain large commercial and industrial customers may elect to be removed from cost-of-service pricing for a fixed three-year or a minimum five-year term, to be served either by an ESS or under a market price option.

The retail customer choice program has no material impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results. Revenue changes resulting from increases or decreases in electricity sales to direct access customers are substantially offset by changes in the Company’s cost of purchased power and fuel. Further, the program provides for “transition adjustment” charges or credits to direct access and market based pricing customers that reflect the above- or below-market cost of energy resources owned or purchased by the Company. Such adjustments are designed to ensure that the costs or benefits of the program do not unfairly shift to those customers that continue to purchase their energy requirements from the Company.

Residential and small commercial customers can purchase electricity from PGE among a portfolio of price options that include basic cost-of-service, time-of-use, and renewable resource prices.

Energy Efficiency Funding—Oregon law provides for a “public purpose charge” to fund cost-effective energy efficiency measures, new renewable energy resources, and weatherization measures for low-income housing. This charge, equal to 3% of retail revenues, is collected from customers and remitted to the Energy Trust of Oregon (ETO) and other agencies for administration of these programs. Approximately $51 million was collected from customers for this charge in 2011. The Company estimates that $47 million will be collected from customers in 2012.

In addition to the public purpose charge, PGE also remits to the ETO amounts collected under an Energy Efficiency Adjustment tariff to fund additional energy efficiency measures. This charge was approximately 1.8% in 2011 and increased to 2.7% effective January 1, 2012, for applicable customers. Under the tariff, approximately $28 million was collected from eligible customers in 2011. The Company estimates that $42 million will be collected in 2012.

Decoupling—The decoupling mechanism is intended to provide for recovery of reduced revenues resulting from a reduction in electricity sales attributable to energy efficiency and conservation efforts by residential and certain commercial customers. The mechanism provides for customer collection if weather adjusted use per customer is lower than levels included in the Company’s most recent general rate case; it also provides for customer refunds if weather adjusted use per customer exceeds levels included in the general rate case.

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During 2011, PGE recorded an estimated refund of $2 million, which resulted primarily from actual weather adjusted use per customer being slightly higher than levels included in the 2011 General Rate case. Pending review and approval by the OPUC, any resulting refund to customers would be expected over a one-year period beginning June 1, 2012. For 2010, the Company recorded an estimated collection of $8 million, as weather adjusted use per customer was less than levels included in the 2009 General Rate Case. After review, the OPUC approved collections from customers over a one-year period that began June 1, 2011.
As part of the Company’s 2011 General Rate Case, the OPUC authorized the continued use of the decoupling mechanism through December 31, 2013.

Regulatory Accounting

PGE is subject to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and as a regulated public utility, the effects of rate regulation are reflected in its financial statements. These principles provide for the deferral as regulatory assets of certain actual or anticipated costs that would otherwise be charged to expense, based on expected recovery from customers in future prices. Likewise, certain actual or anticipated credits that would otherwise reduce expense can be deferred as regulatory liabilities, based on expected future credits or refunds to customers. PGE records regulatory assets or liabilities if it is probable that they will be reflected in future prices, based on regulatory orders or other available evidence.

The Company periodically assesses the applicability of regulatory accounting to its business, considering both the current and anticipated future rate environment and related accounting guidance. For additional information, see Regulatory Assets and Liabilities in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 6, Regulatory Assets and Liabilities, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Customers and Revenues

PGE conducts retail electric operations exclusively in Oregon within a service area approved by the OPUC. Retail customers are generally classified within one of the following three categories: i) residential; ii) commercial; or iii) industrial. Within its service territory, the Company competes with: i) the local natural gas distribution company for the energy needs of residential and commercial space heating, water heating, and appliances, and ii) fuel oil suppliers, primarily for residential customers’ space heating needs. In addition, the Company distributes power to commercial and industrial customers that choose to purchase their energy supply from an ESS.

In 2011, three ESSs were registered with PGE to transact business with the Company and its customers and provided an average of 242 direct access customers with a total retail load of 988 thousand megawatt hours (MWh) representing 8.5% of PGE’s commercial and industrial retail energy deliveries and 5.1% of the Company’s total retail energy deliveries for the year. In 2010, ESSs supplied an average of 221 direct access customers with a total retail load representing 9.3% of PGE’s commercial and industrial retail energy deliveries and 5.6% of the Company’s total retail energy deliveries for the year.

Beginning in January 2012, two ESSs are registered with PGE to transact business with the Company and its customers and are expected to supply energy to 484 direct access customers with an estimated annual load representing 11% of the Company’s expected commercial and industrial load and 6% of total retail deliveries. Of these direct access customers, a total of 137, with an estimated annual retail load requirement representing 8% of the Company’s expected commercial and industrial load and 5% of total retail deliveries, will be served on a three- or five-year basis.

The Company includes direct access customers in its customer counts and energy delivered to such customers in its total retail energy deliveries although Retail revenues reflect only delivery charges and transition adjustments for these customers.


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PGE’s Revenues are comprised of the following (dollars in millions):

 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Retail:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
877

 
48
 %
 
$
803

 
45
%
 
$
856

 
47
%
Commercial
635

 
35

 
601

 
34

 
642

 
36

Industrial
226

 
13

 
221

 
12

 
166

 
9

Subtotal
1,738

 
96

 
1,625

 
91

 
1,664

 
92

Other accrued revenues, net
(16
)
 
(1
)
 
39

 
2

 
(7
)
 

Total retail revenues
1,722

 
95

 
1,664

 
93

 
1,657

 
92

Wholesale revenues
60

 
3

 
87

 
5

 
112

 
6

Other operating revenues
31

 
2

 
32

 
2

 
35

 
2

Revenues
$
1,813

 
100
 %
 
$
1,783

 
100
%
 
$
1,804

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Certain averages for retail customers who purchase their energy requirements from the Company* are as follows: 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2011
 
 
2010
 
 
2009
 
Average usage per customer (in kilowatt hours):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
10,740

 
 
10,384

 
 
11,059

 
Commercial
68,835

 
 
68,040

 
 
70,853

 
Industrial
14,932,550

 
 
12,986,466

 
 
9,343,838

 
Average revenue per customer (in dollars):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
1,160

 
 
$
1,049

 
 
$
1,111

 
Commercial
6,091

 
 
5,769

 
 
6,127

 
Industrial
919,764

 
 
859,251

 
 
660,839

 
Average revenue per kilowatt hour (in cents):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential

10.80
¢
 
 
10.10¢

 
 
10.05¢

 
Commercial
8.85

 
 
8.48

 
 
8.65

 
Industrial
6.16

 
 
6.62

 
 
7.07

 
* 
Excludes customers who purchase their energy requirements from ESSs.

For additional information, see Results of Operations in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Retail Revenues

Retail customers are classified as residential, commercial, or industrial, with no single customer representing more than 4% of PGE’s total retail revenues or 5% of total retail deliveries. Commercial and industrial customer classes are not dominated by any single industry. While the 20 largest commercial and industrial customers constituted 12% of total retail revenues in 2011, they represented nine different groups, including high technology, paper manufacturing, metal fabrication, health services, and governmental agencies.


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Averages over the past three-year period by customer class are as follows, with energy deliveries and revenues expressed as a percentage of the totals:
 
 
Average Number of Customers
 
Energy Deliveries
 
Revenues
Residential
 
717,358

 
40%
 
51%
Commercial
 
102,148

 
39
 
37
Industrial
 
264

 
21
 
12

In accordance with state regulations, PGE’s retail customer prices are determined through general rate case proceedings and various tariffs filed with the OPUC from time to time, and are based on the Company’s cost of service. Additionally, the Company offers different pricing options. Under PGE’s daily market price option, the Company delivered electricity to 185 commercial and industrial customers in 2011, representing 1.5% of commercial and industrial deliveries and less than 1% of total retail energy deliveries.

Under the renewable energy options, approximately 85,000, residential and small commercial customers were enrolled compared to 77,000 and 82,000 as of December 31, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Under time-of-use options, approximately 4,500 customers were enrolled compared to 2,100, and 2,130 as of December 31, 2010, and 2009, respectively.

For additional information on customer options, see “Retail Customer Choice Program” within the Regulation and Rates section of this Item 1. Additional information on the customer classes follows.

Residential customers include single family housing, multiple family housing (such as apartments, duplexes, and town homes), mobile homes, and small farms.

Residential demand is sensitive to the effects of weather, with demand historically highest during the winter heating season. Due to the increased use of air conditioning in PGE’s service territory, the summer peaks have increased in recent years. Economic conditions can also affect demand from the Company’s residential customers, as historical data suggests that high unemployment rates contribute to a decrease in demand. Residential demand is also impacted by energy efficiency measures; however, the Company’s decoupling mechanism is intended to mitigate the financial effects of such measures.

During 2011, total residential deliveries increased 3.8% compared to 2010 as a result of cooler weather during the heating season, and an increase in the average number of customers. During 2010, total residential deliveries decreased 5.7% compared to 2009, with milder weather conditions accounting for nearly half of the decrease.

Commercial customers consist of non-residential customers who accept energy deliveries at voltages equivalent to those delivered to residential customers. This customer class consists of most businesses, including small industrial companies, and public street and highway lighting accounts.

Demand from the Company’s commercial customers is less susceptible to weather conditions than the residential class. Economic conditions and fluctuations in total employment in the region can also lead to corresponding changes in energy demand from commercial customers. Commercial demand is also impacted by energy efficiency measures, the financial effects of which are partially mitigated by the Company’s decoupling mechanism.

In 2011, favorable weather effects combined with the addition of an average of nearly 700 new customers contributed to the 2% increase in deliveries to commercial customers. During 2011, non-farm employment increased 1.6% in Oregon.


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During 2010, as the Oregon economy lost approximately 0.9% of its payroll, the Company’s commercial energy deliveries decreased 3.7% compared to 2009 with milder weather, including a very cool summer in 2010, contributing about one-third of the decline.

Industrial customers consist of non-residential customers who accept delivery at higher voltages than commercial customers, with pricing based on the amount of electricity delivered and the applicable tariff. Demand from industrial customers is primarily affected by economic conditions, with weather having little impact on this customer class.

A change in economic activity in Oregon and the United States can also lead to a change in energy demand from the Company’s industrial customers. In 2011, industrial deliveries rose 4.7% as demand increased from certain paper production customers, and the general economic conditions improved. In 2010, the Company’s industrial energy deliveries rose 3.3% compared to 2009, driven by increased demand from certain paper production customers in the latter half of 2010.

Other accrued revenues, net include items that are not currently in customer prices, but are expected to be in prices in a future period. Such amounts include deferrals recorded under regulatory mechanisms for the renewable adjustment clause, the power cost adjustment, and decoupling. See “State of Oregon Regulation” in the Regulation and Rates section of this Item 1 for further information on these items.

Other accrued revenues also include deferrals recorded pursuant to the Residential Exchange Program (REP). Under the REP, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) provides federal hydropower benefits to residential and small farm customers of certain investor-owned electric utilities that are expected to continue until the year 2028. PGE receives monthly payments from BPA under the program and passes such payments along to eligible customers in the form of monthly billing credits. For the twelve months ended September 30, 2011, PGE received payments totaling $55 million and received $44 million during each of the twelve month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2009. Payments for the twelve month period ending September 30, 2012 are expected to be approximately $58 million, with such benefits to be credited to eligible customers.

Wholesale Revenues

PGE participates in the wholesale electricity marketplace in order to balance its supply of power to meet the needs of its retail customers. In doing so, the Company attempts to secure reasonably priced power, manage risk, and administer its current long-term wholesale contracts through economic dispatch decisions for its own generation. Interconnected transmission systems in the western United States serve utilities with diverse load requirements and allow the Company to purchase and sell electricity within the region depending upon the relative price and availability of power, hydro conditions, and daily and seasonal retail demand.

The majority of PGE’s wholesale electricity sales is to utilities and power marketers and is predominantly short-term. The Company may net purchases and sales with the same counterparty rather than simultaneously receiving and delivering physical power, with only the net amount of those purchases or sales required to meet retail and wholesale obligations physically settled.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues consist primarily of the sale of excess natural gas and oil, as well as revenues from transmission services, excess transmission capacity resales, pole contact rentals, and other electric services provided to customers.

Seasonality

Demand for electricity by PGE’s residential customers is affected by seasonal weather conditions, as discussed above. The Company uses heating and cooling degree-days to determine the effect of weather on the demand for

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electricity. Heating and cooling degree-days provide cumulative variances in the average daily temperature from a baseline of 65 degrees, over a period of time, to indicate the extent to which customers are likely to use, or have used, electricity for heating or air conditioning. The higher the numbers of degree-days, the greater the expected demand for heating or cooling.

The following table indicates the heating and cooling degree-days for the most recent three-year period, along with 15-year averages for the most recent year provided by the National Weather Service, as measured at Portland International Airport:
 
 
Heating
Degree-Days
 
Cooling
Degree-Days
2011
4,650

 
362

2010
4,187

 
314

2009
4,391

 
627

15-year average for 2011
4,219

 
464

 
 
 
 
PGE’s all-time high net system load peak of 4,073 Megawatts (MW) occurred in December 1998. The Company’s all-time “summer peak” of 3,949 MW occurred in July 2009. The following table presents the Company’s average winter and summer loads for the periods indicated along with the corresponding peak load and month in which it occurred:

 
 
Average Load
 
 
 
Peak Load
 
 
MW
 
Month
 
MW
2011
 Winter
2,612

 
January
 
3,555

 
 Summer
2,233

 
September
 
3,340

2010
 Winter
2,445

 
November
 
3,582

 
 Summer
2,220

 
August
 
3,544

2009
 Winter
2,658

 
December
 
3,851

 
 Summer
2,267

 
July
 
3,949

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company tracks and evaluates both base load growth and peak capacity for purposes of long-term load forecasting and integrated resource planning as well as for preparing general rate case assumptions. Behavior patterns, conservation, energy efficiency initiatives and measures, weather effects, and demographic changes all play a role in determining expected future customer demand and the resulting resources the Company will need to adequately meet those loads and maintain adequate capacity reserves.


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Power Supply

PGE relies upon its generating resources as well as short- and long-term power and fuel purchase contracts to meet its customers’ energy requirements. The Company executes economic dispatch decisions concerning its own generation, and participates in the wholesale market as a result of those economic dispatch decisions, in an effort to obtain reasonably priced power for its retail customers.

PGE’s base generating resources consist of five thermal plants, seven hydroelectric plants, and a wind farm located at Biglow Canyon in eastern Oregon. The volume of electricity the Company generates is dependent upon, among other factors, the capacity and availability of its generating resources. Capacity of the thermal plants represents the MW the plant is capable of generating under normal operating conditions, net of electricity used in the operation of the plant. The capacity of the Company’s thermal generating resources is also affected by ambient temperatures. Capacity of both hydro and wind generating resources represent the nameplate MW, which varies from actual energy expected to be received as these types of generating resources are highly dependent upon river flows and wind conditions, respectively. Availability represents the percentage of the year the plant was available for operations, which reflects the impact of planned and forced outages. For a complete listing of these facilities, see Item 2.—“Properties.”

The Company also promotes the expansion of renewable energy resources, as well as energy efficiency measures, to meet its energy requirements and enhance customers’ ability to manage their energy use more efficiently.

PGE’s resource capacity (in MW) was as follows:
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
Capacity
 
%
 
Capacity
 
%
 
Capacity
 
%
Generation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thermal:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas
1,172

 
28
%
 
1,157

 
24
%
 
1,175

 
26
%
Coal
670

 
16

 
670

 
14

 
670

 
15

Total thermal
1,842

 
44

 
1,827

 
38

 
1,845

 
41

Hydro
489

 
12

 
489

 
10

 
489

 
11

Wind *
450

 
11

 
450

 
9

 
275

 
6

Total generation
2,781

 
67

 
2,766

 
57

 
2,609

 
58

Purchased power:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capacity/exchange
190

 
4

 
540

 
11

 
640

 
14

Mid-Columbia hydro
335

 
8

 
507

 
10

 
548

 
12

Confederated Tribes hydro
150

 
4

 
150

 
3

 
150

 
3

Wind
44

 
1

 
44

 
1

 
35

 
1

Other
210

 
5

 
221

 
5

 
233

 
5

Total long-term contracts
929

 
22

 
1,462

 
30

 
1,606

 
35

Short-term contracts
458

 
11

 
612

 
13

 
315

 
7

Total purchased power
1,387

 
33

 
2,074

 
43

 
1,921

 
42

Total resource capacity
4,168

 
100
%
 
4,840

 
100
%
 
4,530

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 *
Capacity represents nameplate and differs from expected capacity, which is expected to range from 135 MW to 180 MW, dependent upon wind conditions.

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For information regarding actual generating output and purchases for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, see the Results of Operations section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Generation

That portion of PGE’s retail load requirements generated by its plants varies from year to year and is determined by various factors, including planned and forced outages, availability and price of coal and natural gas, precipitation and snow-pack levels, the market price of electricity, and wind variability.

Thermal
PGE has a 65% ownership interest in Boardman, which it operates, and a 20% ownership interest in Colstrip Units 3 and 4. These two coal-fired generating facilities provided approximately 21% of the Company’s total retail load requirement in 2011, compared to 26% in 2010 and 20% in 2009. The Company’s three natural gas-fired generating facilities, Port Westward, Beaver, and Coyote Springs, provided approximately 11% of its total retail load requirement in 2011 and 24% in 2010 and 2009.

The thermal plants, which have a combined capacity of 1,842 MW, provide reliable power for the Company’s customers with plant availability, excluding Colstrip, of 90% in 2011, 94% in 2010, and 84% in 2009 and Colstrip plant availability of 84% in 2011, 95% in 2010, and 68% in 2009.

Hydro
The Company’s FERC-licensed hydroelectric projects consist of Pelton/Round Butte on the Deschutes River near Madras, Oregon (discussed below), four plants on the Clackamas River, and one on the Willamette River. The licenses for these projects expire at various dates from 2035 to 2055. These plants, which have a combined capacity of 489 MW, provided 10% of the Company’s total retail load requirement in 2011, 2010 and 2009, with availability of 100% in 2011 and 99% in both 2010 and 2009. Northwest hydro conditions have a significant impact on the region’s power supply, with water conditions significantly impacting PGE’s cost of power and its ability to economically displace more expensive thermal generation and spot market power purchases.

PGE has a 66.67% ownership interest in the 450 MW Pelton/Round Butte hydroelectric project on the Deschutes River, with the remaining interest held by the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon (Tribes). A 50-year joint license for the project, which is operated by PGE, was issued by the FERC in 2005. The Tribes have an option to purchase an additional undivided 16.66% interest in Pelton/Round Butte at its discretion no sooner than December 31, 2021. The Tribes have a second option to purchase an undivided 0.02% interest in Pelton/Round Butte at its discretion no sooner than April 1, 2041. If both options are exercised by the Tribes, the Tribes’ ownership percentage would exceed 50%.

Wind
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm (Biglow Canyon), located in Sherman County, Oregon, is PGE’s largest renewable energy resource with 217 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of approximately 450 MW. It was completed and placed in service in three phases between December 2007 and August 2010. In 2011, Biglow Canyon provided 6% of the Company’s total retail load requirement, compared to 4% in 2010 and 3% in 2009, with availability of 97% in 2011 and 96% in both 2010 and 2009. The energy received from wind resources differs from the nameplate capacity and is expected to range from 135 MW to 180 MW for Biglow Canyon, dependent upon wind conditions.

Dispatchable Standby Generation (DSG)—PGE has a DSG program under which the Company can start, operate, and monitor customer-owned standby generators when needed to meet peak demand. The program helps provide operating reserves for the Company’s generating resources and, when operating, can supply most or all of DSG customer loads. As of December 31, 2011, there were 31 projects that together can provide approximately 69 MW of diesel-fired capacity at peak times. In addition, there were 12 projects under construction that are expected to provide an additional 30 MW.



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Fuel Supply—PGE contracts for natural gas and coal supplies required to fuel the Company’s thermal generating plants, with certain plants also able to operate on fuel oil if needed. In addition, the Company uses forward, swap, and option contracts to manage its exposure to volatility in natural gas prices.

Coal
Boardman—PGE has fixed-price purchase agreements that provide coal for Boardman into 2014. The coal is obtained from surface mining operations in Wyoming and Montana and is delivered by rail under two separate ten-year transportation contracts which extend through 2013.

PGE expects to begin seeking requests for proposal in mid-2012 for the purchase of coal to fill open positions for 2013 and beyond. The terms of any contracts and quality of coal are expected to be staged in alignment with the timing of the installation of required emissions controls. For additional information on Boardman’s emissions controls, see the Capital Requirements section in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” PGE believes that sufficient market supplies of coal are available to meet anticipated operations of Boardman for the foreseeable future.

Natural Gas
Port Westward and Beaver—PGE manages the price risk of natural gas supply for Port Westward through financial contracts up to 60 months in advance. Physical supplies for Port Westward and Beaver are generally purchased within 12 months of delivery and based on anticipated operation of the plants. PGE owns 79.5%, and is the operator of record, of the Kelso-Beaver Pipeline, which directly connects both generating plants to the Northwest Pipeline, an interstate natural gas pipeline operating between British Columbia and New Mexico. Currently, PGE transports gas on the Kelso-Beaver Pipeline for its own use under a firm transportation service agreement, with capacity offered to others on an interruptible basis to the extent not utilized by the Company. PGE has access to 103,305 Dth per day of firm gas transportation capacity to serve the two plants.

PGE also has contractual access through April 2017 to natural gas storage in Mist, Oregon, from which it can draw in the event that gas supplies are interrupted or if economic factors require its use. This storage may be used to fuel both Port Westward and Beaver. PGE believes that sufficient market supplies of gas are available to meet anticipated operations of both plants for the foreseeable future.

The Beaver generating plant has the capability to operate on No. 2 diesel fuel oil when it is economical or if the plant’s natural gas supply is interrupted. PGE had an approximate 7-day supply of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel oil at the plant site as of December 31, 2011. The current operating permit for Beaver limits the number of gallons of fuel oil that can be burned daily, which effectively limits the daily hours of operation of Beaver.

Coyote Springs—PGE manages the price risk of natural gas supply for Coyote Springs through financial contracts up to 60 months in advance, while physical supplies are generally purchased within 12 months of delivery and based on anticipated operation of the plant. Coyote Springs utilizes 41,000 Dth per day of natural gas when operating at full capacity, with firm transportation capacity on three pipeline systems accessing gas fields in Alberta, Canada. PGE believes that sufficient market supplies of gas are available for Coyote Springs for the foreseeable future, based on anticipated operation of the plant. Although Coyote Springs was designed to also operate on fuel oil, such capability has been deactivated in order to optimize natural gas operations.
Purchased Power
PGE supplements its own generation with power purchased in the wholesale market to meet its retail load requirements. The Company utilizes short- and long-term wholesale power purchase contracts in an effort to provide the most favorable economic mix on a variable cost basis. Such contracts have original terms ranging from one month to 30 years and expire at varying dates through 2036.


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PGE’s medium term power cost strategy helps mitigate the effect of price volatility on its customers due to changing energy market conditions. The strategy allows the Company to take positions in power and fuel markets up to five years in advance of physical delivery. By purchasing a portion of anticipated energy needs for future years over an extended period, PGE mitigates a portion of the potential future volatility in the average cost of purchased power and fuel.
The Company’s major power purchase contracts consist of the following (also see the preceding table which summarizes the average resource capabilities related to these contracts):

Capacity/exchange—PGE has three contracts that provide PGE with firm capacity to help meet the Company’s peak loads. The contracts range from 10 MW to 150 MW and expire at various dates from February 2012 through December 2016. They include a seasonal exchange contract with another western utility that helps meet winter--peaking requirements.

Mid-Columbia hydro—PGE has long-term power purchase contracts with certain public utility districts in the state of Washington for a portion of the output of three hydroelectric projects on the mid-Columbia River. These contracts expire at various dates from 2017 through 2052. Although the projects currently provide a total of 335 MW of capacity, actual energy received is dependent upon river flows.

Confederated Tribes—PGE has a long-term agreement under which the Company purchases, at market prices, the Tribes’ interest in the output of the Pelton/Round Butte hydroelectric project. Although the agreement provides 150 MW of capacity, actual energy received is dependent upon river flows. The term of the agreement coincides with the term of the FERC license for this project, which expires in 2055.

Wind—The Company has three long-term contracts, which extend to various dates between 2028 and 2035, that provide for the purchase of renewable wind-generated electricity. Although these contracts provide a total of 44 MW of capacity, actual energy received is dependent upon wind conditions.

Other—These primarily consist of long-term contracts to purchase power from various counterparties, including other Pacific Northwest utilities, over terms extending into 2036.

Other also includes contracts that provide for the purchase of renewable solar-powered electricity as follows:

PGE operates three photovoltaic solar power projects installed in the Portland area, with a combined installed capacity of 3.6 MW. PGE purchases 100% of the energy generated from two of the facilities and purchases any excess energy generated from one facility pursuant to a net metering arrangement with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT);

PGE has two 25-year purchase agreements for the power generated from two photovoltaic solar projects installed near Salem, Oregon. The construction of the projects was completed in mid-2011, with PGE then purchasing the power generated from these facilities, which have a combined generating capacity of 2.8 MW.

In January 2012, PGE completed the construction of a 1.75 MW photovoltaic solar power project, which was sold and simultaneously leased-back from a financial institution. The Company operates the project and receives 100% of the power generated by the facility.

Short-term contracts—These contracts are for delivery periods of one month up to one year in length. They are entered into with various counterparties to provide additional firm energy to help meet the Company’s load requirement.

PGE also utilizes spot purchases of power in the open market to secure the energy required to serve its retail customers. Such purchases are made under contracts that range in duration from 30 minutes to less than one month. For additional information regarding PGE’s power purchase contracts, see Note 15, Commitments and Guarantees, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

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Future Energy Resource Strategy

PGE’s most recent IRP was acknowledged by the OPUC on November 23, 2011. The IRP includes an action plan for the acquisition of new resources and a 20-year strategy that outlines long-term expectations for resource needs and portfolio performance. PGE projects that it needs 873 MWa of new resources by 2015, increasing to 1,396 MWa by 2020, to meet expected customer demand. Such projected energy gaps are driven primarily by continued load growth and the expiration of certain long-term power supply contracts. The projected energy gap increases by approximately 374 MW with the cessation of coal-fired operations at Boardman in 2020.

To meet the projected energy requirements, the IRP includes energy efficiency measures, new renewable resources, new transmission capability, new generating plants, and improvements to existing generating plants, as follows:
 
Acquisition of 214 MWa of energy efficiency through continuation of Energy Trust of Oregon programs, with funding to be provided from the existing public purpose charge and through enabling legislation included in Oregon’s RPS;
An additional 101 MWa of wind or other renewable resources necessary to meet requirements of Oregon’s RPS by 2015; 
Transmission capacity additions to interconnect new and existing energy resources in eastern Oregon to PGE’s services territory. For additional information on the Cascade Crossing Transmission Project (Cascade Crossing), see the Transmission and Distribution section in this Item 1;
New natural gas generation facilities to help meet additional base load requirements estimated at 300 to 500 MW, which is expected to be available in the 2015 to 2017 timeframe; 
New natural gas generation facilities to help meet peak capacity requirements estimated at up to 200 MW, bi-seasonal peaking supply of 200 MW and winter-only peaking supply of 150 MW, all of which are expected to be available in the 2013 to 2015 timeframe; and 
Continued operations of the Boardman plant, including the addition of certain emissions controls and the continuation of coal-fired operation of the plant through 2020. For additional information about emissions controls for the Boardman plant, see the Capital Requirements section in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

In January 2012, PGE requested that the OPUC acknowledge a draft request for proposals (RFP) that is expected to be issued in the second quarter of 2012, seeking electric power generating resources to help meet PGE’s capacity and energy needs, as outlined in the IRP discussion above. PGE expects to file a second RFP, for renewable resources, later in 2012.

The Company has filed with the OPUC a motion for a one-year extension to file its next IRP. If the motion is approved as submitted, PGE would be required to file its next IRP no later than November 2013. If not approved as submitted, PGE may be required to file its next IRP as early as November 2012.


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Transmission and Distribution

Transmission systems deliver energy from generating facilities to distribution systems for final delivery to customers. PGE schedules energy deliveries over its transmission system in accordance with FERC requirements and operates one balancing authority area (an electric system bounded by interchange metering) in its service territory. In 2011, PGE delivered approximately 20 million MWh in its balancing authority area through approximately 1,100 circuit miles of transmission lines.

PGE’s transmission system is part of the Western Interconnection, the regional grid in the western United States. The Western Interconnection includes the interconnected transmission systems of 11 western states, two Canadian provinces and parts of Mexico, and is subject to the reliability rules of the WECC and the NERC. PGE relies on transmission contracts with BPA to transmit a significant amount of the Company’s generation to its distribution system. PGE’s transmission system, together with contractual rights to other transmission systems, enables the Company to integrate and access generation resources to meet its customers’ energy requirements. PGE’s generation is managed on a coordinated basis to obtain maximum load-carrying capability and efficiency. The Company’s transmission and distribution systems are located as follows:
 
On property owned or leased by PGE; 
Under or over streets, alleys, highways and other public places, the public domain and national forests, and state lands under franchises, easements or other rights that are generally subject to termination; 
Under or over private property as a result of easements obtained primarily from the record holder of title; or 
Under or over Native American reservations under grant of easement by the Secretary of the Interior or lease or easement by Native American tribes.

PGE’s wholesale transmission activities are regulated by the FERC. In accordance with its OATT, PGE offers several transmission services to wholesale customers:
 
Network integration transmission service, a service that integrates generating resources to serve retail loads;
Short- and long-term firm point-to-point transmission service, a service with fixed delivery and receipt points; and
Non-firm point-to-point service, an “as available” service with fixed delivery and receipt points.

These services are offered on a non-discriminatory basis, with all potential customers provided equal access to PGE’s transmission system. In accordance with FERC Standards of Conduct, PGE’s transmission business is managed and operated independently from its power marketing business.

PGE’s current acknowledged IRP includes a proposal for an approximate 210-mile, 500 kV transmission project (the Cascade Crossing Transmission Project) that would help meet future electricity demand and improve future grid reliability by transmitting power from new and existing energy resources in eastern Oregon to the Company’s service territory. PGE continues to work with other stakeholders in the region in planning the project and is actively engaged in the federal, state, and tribal permitting processes. Subject to obtaining all necessary approvals, the expected in-service date would be late 2016 or early 2017. In October 2011, Cascade Crossing was selected as one of seven transmission projects in the nation to participate in the federal inter-agency Rapid Response Team for Transmission program to improve agency collaboration and expedite federal permitting.

PGE continues to meet state regulatory requirements related to power distribution service quality and reliability. Such requirements are reflected in specific indices that measure outage duration, outage frequency, and momentary power interruptions. The Company is required to include performance results related to service quality measures in annual reports filed with the OPUC. Specific monetary penalties can be assessed for failure to attain required performance levels, with amounts dependent upon the extent to which actual results fail to meet such requirements.

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For additional information regarding the Company’s transmission and distribution facilities, see Item 2.—“Properties.”

Environmental Matters

PGE’s operations are subject to a wide range of environmental protection laws and regulations, which pertain to air quality (including climate change), water quality, endangered species and wildlife protection, and hazardous waste. Environmental matters that relate to the siting and operation of generation, transmission, and substation facilities and the handling, accumulation, cleanup, and disposal of toxic and hazardous substances fall under the jurisdiction of various state and federal agencies. In addition, certain of the Company’s hydroelectric projects and transmission facilities are located on property under the jurisdiction of federal and state agencies, and/or tribal entities that have authority in environmental protection matters. The following discussion provides further information on certain regulations that affect the Company’s operations.

Air Quality

Clean Air Act—PGE’s operations, primarily its thermal generating plants, are subject to regulation under the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), which addresses, among other things, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide, particulate matter, hazardous air pollutants, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Oregon and Montana, the states in which PGE facilities are located, also implement and administer certain portions of the CAA and have set standards that are at least equal to federal standards.

In June 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved revised rules to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions at Boardman that have resulted in the installation of certain emissions controls during 2011. To further reduce SO2 emissions, plans call for the use of lower sulfur coal and the addition of a Dry Sorbent Injection system to Boardman in 2014, at an estimated capital cost to the Company of $27 million, including AFDC. The revised rules also provide for coal-fired operation at Boardman to cease no later than December 31, 2020. Construction or acquisition costs of replacement generating capacity will be considered in future customer prices.

In December 2011, the EPA issued new emissions limits under the CAA’s National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) regulating hazardous air pollutant emissions, from coal- and oil-fired electric generating units. Emission limits included in the NESHAP are based on the application of maximum achievable control technology (MACT). Based on its review of the rules and the preliminary full-scale test results, the Company believes the Boardman plant should be able to meet the MACT requirements with the installation of the currently planned controls. The operator of the Colstrip plant has provided the Company with estimated costs for emission control modifications to Units 3 and 4 that may be necessary to meet the MACT requirements. Based on this estimate, the Company expects that its share of these costs, as a 20% owner of Units 3 and 4, will not exceed $10 million.

Regulation of mercury emissions is contemplated under NESHAP. However, the states of Oregon and Montana have previously adopted regulations concerning mercury emissions that have had an impact on the Company as follows:

Oregon—The Oregon Environmental Quality Commission (OEQC) has adopted final rules that pertain to mercury emissions from Boardman. Such rules require compliance with stated mercury limits by July 1, 2012, In 2011, PGE installed controls that are expected to eliminate 90% of the mercury emissions from the plant to comply with the rules.


Montana—The Montana Board of Environmental Review adopted final rules on mercury emissions from coal-fired generating plants, including Colstrip. With the installation of additional mercury control systems, Colstrip is in compliance with these requirements.

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For additional information, see “Boardman emissions controls” in the Capital Requirements section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

PGE manages its air emissions by the use of low sulfur fuel, emissions and combustion controls and monitoring, and SO2 allowances awarded under the CAA. The current allowance inventory and expected future annual SO2 allowances, along with the recent and planned installation of emissions controls, are anticipated to be sufficient to permit the Company to continue to meet its compliance requirements and operate its thermal generating plants at forecasted capacity for at least the next several years.

Climate Change—State, regional, and federal legislative efforts continue with respect to establishing regulation of
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their potential impacts on climate change. Recent or pending environmental measures include the following:
 
In 2007, the State of Oregon adopted a non-binding policy guideline that sets a goal to reduce GHG emissions to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020. The guideline does not mandate reductions by any specific entity nor does it include penalties for failure to meet the goal.

In 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives approved legislation that seeks to establish a cap and trade system for GHG emissions. However, the U.S. Senate did not act and it is uncertain whether a cap and trade system will move forward in the near term.

Effective January 1, 2010, the EPA required mandatory measurement and reporting of GHG emissions. PGE is subject to these requirements and is meeting the monitoring and reporting requirements. Reported data will be used to establish a baseline for measuring progress toward any future emissions reduction targets in the United States.

In 2010, the EPA finalized rules creating GHG thresholds that apply to the permitting process for stationary sources, such as electric generating facilities, under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V operating permit programs. The EPA has also issued guidance under these rules relating to Best Available Control Technology (BACT) requirements for new and modified stationary sources. In April 2011, the OEQC approved new state rules to implement these federal requirements and in December 2011, the rules were approved by the EPA. As a result of these rules, new or modified generating facilities may need to satisfy BACT requirements for limiting GHG emissions. The specific requirements applicable to a particular facility would be determined in connection with the permitting process.

In December 2010, the EPA announced a proposed settlement agreement with states and environmental groups that would require the EPA to set GHG New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for new and modified fossil fuel-based power plants, and guidelines for state-developed NSPS for existing sources. The deadlines for setting these standards and guidelines have been delayed and the timing is now unclear.

Any laws that impose mandatory reductions in GHG emissions may have a material impact on PGE, as the Company utilizes fossil fuels in its own power generation and other companies use such fuels to generate power that PGE purchases in the wholesale market. PGE’s Beaver, Coyote Springs, and Port Westward natural gas-fired facilities, and the Company’s ownership interest in Boardman and Colstrip coal-fired facilities, provide approximately 66% of the Company’s net generating capacity. If PGE were to incur incremental costs as a result of changes in the regulations regarding GHGs, the Company would seek recovery in customer prices.

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Water Quality

The federal Clean Water Act requires that any federal license or permit to conduct an activity that may result in a discharge to waters of the United States must first receive a water quality certification from the state in which the activity will occur. In Oregon, the DEQ is responsible for reviewing proposed projects under this requirement to ensure that federally approved activities will meet water quality standards and policies established by the state. PGE has obtained permits where required, and has certificates of compliance for its hydroelectric operations under the FERC licenses.

Threatened and Endangered Species and Wildlife

Fish Protection—The federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) has granted protection to many populations of migratory fish species in the Pacific Northwest that have declined significantly over the last several decades. Long-term recovery plans for these species have caused major operational changes to many of the region’s hydroelectric projects. Over the years, these changes have resulted in reductions in hydroelectric generation capacity and shifts in the seasonality of much of the generation due to the timing of stored water releases, both of which can affect the price of power in the regional wholesale market. PGE purchases power in the wholesale market to serve its retail load requirements and has contracts to purchase power generated at some of the affected facilities on the mid-Columbia River in central Washington.

PGE is implementing a series of fish protection measures at its hydroelectric projects on the Clackamas, Deschutes, and Willamette rivers that were prescribed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service under their authority granted in the ESA. As a result of measures contained in their operating licenses, the Deschutes River and Willamette River projects have been certified as low impact hydro, with 50 MWa of their output included as part of the Company’s renewable energy portfolio used to meet the requirements of Oregon’s RPS. Conditions required with the new operating licenses are expected to result in a minor reduction in power production and increase capital spending to modify the facilities to enhance fish passage and survival.

Avian Protection—Various statutory authorities as well as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act have established civil, criminal, and administrative penalties for the unauthorized take of migratory birds. Because PGE operates electric transmission lines and wind generation facilities that can pose risks to a variety of such birds, the Company is required to have an avian protection plan. PGE has developed and implemented such a plan for its transmission and distribution facilities and is in the process of developing a plan for its wind facilities to reduce risks to bird species that can result from Company operations.

Hazardous Waste

PGE has a comprehensive program to comply with requirements of both federal and state regulations related to hazardous waste storage, handling, and disposal. The handling and disposal of hazardous waste from Company facilities is subject to regulation under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In addition, the use, disposal, and clean-up of polychlorinated biphenyls, contained in certain electrical equipment, are regulated under the federal Toxic Substances Control Act.

The Company’s coal-fired generation facilities, Boardman and Colstrip, produce coal combustion byproducts, which have been exempt from federal hazardous waste regulations under the RCRA. The EPA is revisiting this exemption and is considering listing these residuals as hazardous wastes, which would likely have an impact on current disposal practices and could increase the Company’s cost of handling these materials and affect operations. The EPA has announced that the final rule would likely be issued in late 2012. The Company cannot predict the possible impact of this matter until the EPA provides further guidance on the proposed rules. If PGE were to incur incremental costs as a result of changes in the regulations, the Company would seek recovery in customer prices.

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PGE is also subject to regulation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly referred to as Superfund. The CERCLA provides authority to the EPA to assert joint and several liability for investigation and remediation costs for designated Superfund sites. PGE is listed by the EPA as a Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) at two Superfund sites as follows:

Portland Harbor—A 1997 investigation by the EPA of a segment of the Willamette River, known as the Portland Harbor, revealed significant contamination of river sediments. The EPA subsequently included Portland Harbor on the federal National Priority List as a Superfund site pursuant to CERCLA and listed sixty­nine PRPs, including PGE, which has historically owned or operated property near the river. In 2008, the EPA
requested further information from various parties, including PGE, concerning property several miles beyond the original river segment and, as a result, the PRPs now number over one hundred.

Harbor Oil—The Harbor Oil site in north Portland is the location of a company that PGE engaged to process used oil from power plants and electrical distribution systems until 2003. The Harbor Oil facility continues to be utilized by other entities for the processing of used oil and other lubricants. In September 2003, the Harbor Oil site was included on the federal National Priority List as a federal Superfund site and PGE was included among fourteen PRPs.

For additional information on these EPA actions, see Note 18, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, the USDOE is responsible for the permanent storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel. PGE has contracted with the USDOE for permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel from Trojan that is stored in the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI), an NRC-licensed interim dry storage facility that houses the fuel at the former plant site. The spent nuclear fuel is expected to remain in the ISFSI until permanent off-site storage is available, which is not likely to be before 2020. Shipment of the spent nuclear fuel from the ISFSI to off-site storage is not expected to be completed prior to 2033. For additional information regarding this matter, see “Trojan decommissioning activities” in Note 7, Asset Retirement Obligations, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS.

Certain risks and uncertainties that could have a significant impact on PGE’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or that may cause the Company’s actual results to vary from the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, include, but are not limited to, those set forth below.

Recovery of PGE’s costs is subject to regulatory review and approval, and the inability to recover costs may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.

The prices that PGE charges for its retail services, as authorized by the OPUC, are a major factor in determining the Company’s operating income, financial position, liquidity, and credit ratings. As a general matter, the Company will seek to recover in customer prices most of the costs incurred in connection with the operation of its business, including, among other things, the costs of compliance with legislative and regulatory requirements and the costs of damage from storms and other natural disasters. However, there can be no assurance that such recovery will be granted. The OPUC has the authority to disallow the recovery of any costs that it considers excessive or imprudently incurred. Further, the regulatory process does not guarantee that PGE will be able to achieve the earnings level authorized. Although the OPUC is required to establish rates that are fair, just and reasonable, it has significant discretion in the interpretation of this standard.

In both PGE’s 2009 and 2011 general rate cases, overall price increases approved by the OPUC were less than the Company’s initial proposals. PGE attempts to manage its costs at levels consistent with the reduced price increases.

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However, if the Company is unable to do so, or if such cost management results in increased operational risk, the Company’s financial and operating results could be adversely affected. For additional information regarding the 2011 General Rate Case, see the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

The risk of volatility in power costs is partially mitigated through the Annual Power Cost Update Tariff (AUT) and the PCAM. PGE files an annual AUT with an update of PGE’s forecasted net variable power costs (baseline NVPC) to be reflected in customer prices. The PCAM provides a mechanism by which the Company can adjust future customer prices to reflect a portion of the difference between each year’s baseline NVPC included in customer prices and actual NVPC. PGE is subject to a portion of the business risk or benefit associated with the difference between actual NVPC and baseline NVPC by application of an asymmetrical “deadband.” The OPUC order in PGE’s 2011 General Rate Case provides for a fixed deadband range of $15 million below, to $30 million above, baseline NVPC, beginning in 2011. Application of the PCAM requires that PGE absorb certain power cost increases before the Company is allowed to recover any amount from customers. Accordingly, the PCAM is expected to only partially mitigate the potentially adverse financial impacts of forced generating plant outages, reduced hydro and wind availability, interruptions in fuel supplies, and volatile wholesale energy prices.

A continued weakening of the economy could reduce the demand for electricity and impair the financial stability of some of PGEs customers, which could affect the Companys results of operations.

The weak economy in Oregon over the past several years has resulted in reduced demand for electricity, which could continue. Further reduction in demand could affect the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. The weak economy could also result in an increased level of uncollectable customer accounts. Additionally, the Company’s vendors and service providers could experience cash flow problems and be unable to perform under existing or future contracts.

Market prices for power and natural gas are subject to forces that are often not predictable and which can result in price volatility and general market disruption, adversely affecting PGE’s costs and ability to manage its energy portfolio and procure required energy supply, which ultimately could have an adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and results of operations.

As part of its normal business operations, PGE purchases power and natural gas in the open market or under short-term, long-term, or variable-priced contracts. Market prices for power and natural gas are influenced primarily by factors related to supply and demand. These factors generally include the adequacy of generating capacity, scheduled and unscheduled outages of generating facilities, hydroelectric generation levels, prices and availability of fuel sources for generation, disruptions or constraints to transmission facilities, weather conditions, economic growth, and changes in technology.

Volatility in these markets can affect the availability, price and demand for power and natural gas. Disruption in power and natural gas markets could result in a deterioration of market liquidity, increase the risk of counterparty default, affect regulatory and legislative processes in unpredictable ways, affect wholesale power prices, and impair PGE’s ability to manage its energy portfolio. Changes in power and natural gas prices can also affect the fair value of derivative instruments and cash requirements to purchase power and natural gas. If power and natural gas prices decrease from those contained in the Company’s existing purchased power and natural gas agreements, PGE may be required to provide increased collateral, which could adversely affect the Company’s liquidity. Conversely, if power and natural gas prices rise, especially during periods when the Company requires greater-than-expected volumes that must be purchased at market or short-term prices, PGE could incur greater costs than originally estimated. Although the Company’s PCAM can be expected to partially mitigate adverse financial effects related to market conditions, cost sharing features of the mechanism do not provide for full recovery in customer prices.

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The effects of weather on electricity usage can adversely affect operating results.

Weather conditions can adversely affect PGE’s revenues and costs, impacting the Company’s financial and operating results. Variations in temperatures can affect customer demand for electricity, with warmer-than-normal winters or cooler-than-normal summers reducing energy sales and revenues. Weather conditions are the dominant cause of usage variations from normal seasonal patterns, particularly for residential customers. Severe weather can also disrupt energy delivery and damage the Company’s transmission and distribution system.

Rapid increases in load requirements resulting from unexpected adverse weather changes, particularly if coupled with transmission constraints, could adversely impact PGE’s cost and ability to meet the energy needs of its customers. Conversely, rapid decreases in load requirements could result in the sale of excess energy at depressed market prices.

Forced outages at PGE’s generating plants can increase the cost of power required to serve customers because the cost of replacement power purchased in the wholesale market generally exceeds the Company’s cost of generation.

Forced outages at the Company’s generating plants could result in power costs greater than those included in customer prices. As indicated above, application of the Company’s PCAM could help mitigate adverse financial impacts of such outages; however, the cost sharing features of the mechanism do not provide full recovery in customer prices. Inability to recover such costs in future prices could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations.

The construction of new facilities, or modifications to existing facilities, is subject to risks that could result in the disallowance of certain costs for recovery in customer prices, reduced efficiency, or higher operating costs.

PGE’s current position as a “short” utility requires that the Company supplement its own generation with wholesale market purchases to meet its retail load requirements. In addition, long-term increases in both the number of customers and demand for energy will require continued expansion and upgrade of PGE’s generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Construction of new facilities and modifications to existing facilities could be affected by various factors, including unanticipated delays and cost increases and the failure to obtain, or delay in obtaining, necessary permits from state or federal agencies or tribal entities, which could result in failure to complete the projects and the disallowance of certain costs in the rate determination process. In addition, failure to complete construction projects according to specifications could result in reduced plant efficiency, equipment failure, and plant performance that falls below expected levels, which could increase operating costs.

Adverse changes in PGE’s credit ratings could negatively affect its access to the capital markets and its cost of borrowed funds.

Access to capital markets is important to PGE’s ability to operate and to complete its capital projects. Credit rating agencies evaluate PGE’s credit ratings on a periodic basis and when certain events occur. A ratings downgrade could increase the interest rates and fees on PGE’s revolving credit facilities, increasing the cost of funding day-to-day working capital requirements, and could also result in higher interest rates on future long-term debt. A ratings downgrade could also restrict the Company’s access to the commercial paper market, a principal source of short-term financing, or result in higher interest costs.

In addition, if Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) and/or Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services (S&P) reduce their rating on PGE’s unsecured debt to below investment grade, the Company could be subject to requests by certain wholesale counterparties to post additional performance assurance collateral, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity.


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Current capital and credit market conditions could adversely affect the Company’s access to capital, cost of capital, and ability to execute its strategic plan as currently scheduled.

Access to capital and credit markets is important to PGE’s continued ability to operate. The Company potentially faces significant capital requirements over the next three to five years and expects to issue debt and equity securities, as necessary, to fund these requirements. In addition, because of contractual commitments and regulatory requirements, the Company may have limited ability to delay or terminate certain projects. For additional information concerning PGE’s capital requirements, see “Capital Requirements” in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

If the capital and credit market conditions in the United States and other parts of the world deteriorate, the Company’s future cost of debt and equity capital, as well as access to capital markets, could be adversely affected. In addition, restrictions on PGE’s ability to access capital markets could affect its ability to execute its strategic plan.

PGE is subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings, the outcome of which is uncertain, and resolution unfavorable to PGE could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

From time to time in the normal course of its business, PGE is subject to various regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and other matters, which could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, or other relief. These matters are subject to many uncertainties, the ultimate outcome of which management cannot predict. The final resolution of certain matters in which PGE is involved could require that the Company incur expenditures over an extended period of time and in a range of amounts that could have an adverse effect on its cash flows and results of operations. Similarly, the terms of resolution could require the Company to change its business practices and procedures, which could also have an adverse effect on its cash flows, financial position or results of operations.

There are certain pending legal and regulatory proceedings, such as those related to PGE’s recovery of its investment in Trojan, the proceedings related to refunds on wholesale market transactions in the Pacific Northwest and the investigation and any resulting remediation efforts related to the Portland Harbor site, that may have an adverse effect on results of operations and cash flows for future reporting periods. For additional information, see Item 3.—“Legal Proceedings” and Note 18, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Reduced stream flows and unfavorable wind conditions can adversely affect generation from PGE’s hydroelectric and wind resources. The Company could be required to replace generation from these sources with higher cost power from other facilities or with wholesale market purchases, which could have an adverse effect on operating results.

PGE derives a significant portion of its power supply from its own hydroelectric facilities and from those owned by certain public utility districts in the state of Washington with which the Company has long-term purchase contracts. Regional rainfall and snow pack levels affect stream flows and the resulting amount of generation available from these facilities. Shortfalls in low-cost hydro production would require increased generation from the Company’s higher cost thermal plants and/or power purchases in the wholesale market, which could have an adverse effect on operating results.

PGE also derives a portion of its power supply from wind resources, output from which is dependent upon wind conditions. Unfavorable wind conditions could require increased reliance on power from the Company’s other generating resources or on wholesale power purchases, both of which could have an adverse effect on operating results.


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Although the application of the PCAM could help mitigate adverse financial effects from any decrease in power provided by hydroelectric and wind resources, full recovery of any increase in power costs is not assured. Inability to fully recover such costs in future prices could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations, as well as a reduction in renewable energy credits and loss of production tax credits (PTCs).

Legislative or regulatory efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions could lead to increased capital and operating costs and have an adverse impact on the Company’s operations or results of operations.

PGE expects that future legislation or regulations could result in limitations on greenhouse gas emissions from the Company’s fossil fuel-fired electric generating facilities. Legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Congress that would require greenhouse gas emission reductions from such facilities as well as other sectors of the economy. Although no such legislation has yet been enacted, the House of Representatives passed climate legislation in June 2009. Compliance with any greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements could require PGE to incur significant expenditures, including those related to carbon capture and sequestration technology, purchase of emission allowances and offsets, fuel switching, and the replacement of high-emitting generation facilities with lower emitting facilities.

The cost to comply with expected greenhouse gas emissions reduction requirements is subject to significant uncertainties, including those related to: the timing of the implementation of emissions reduction rules; required levels of emissions reductions; requirements with respect to the allocation of emissions allowances; the maturation, regulation and commercialization of carbon capture and sequestration technology; and PGE’s compliance alternatives. Although the Company cannot currently estimate the effect of future legislation or regulations on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, the costs of compliance with such legislation or regulations could be material.

Under certain circumstances, banks participating in PGE’s credit facilities could decline to fund advances requested by the Company or could withdraw from participation in the credit facilities.

PGE currently has unsecured revolving credit facilities with several banks for an aggregate amount of $670 million. These credit facilities are available for general corporate purposes and may be used to supplement operating cash flow and provide a primary source of liquidity. The credit facilities may also be used as backup for commercial paper borrowings.

The credit facilities represent commitments by the participating banks to make loans and, in certain cases, to issue letters of credit. The Company is required to make certain representations to the banks each time it requests an advance under one of the credit facilities. However, in the event of a material adverse change in the business, financial condition or results of operations of PGE, the Company may not be able to make such representations, in which case the banks would not be required to lend. PGE is also subject to the risk that one or more of the participating banks may default on their obligation to make loans under the credit facilities.

In addition, it is possible that the Company might not be aware of certain developments at the time it makes such a representation in connection with a request for a loan, which could cause the representation to be untrue at the time made and constitute an event of default. Such a circumstance could result in a loss of the banks’ commitments under the credit facilities and, in certain circumstances, the accelerated repayment of any outstanding loan balances.

Measures required to comply with state and federal regulations related to emissions from thermal generating plants could result in increased capital expenditures and operating costs and reduce generating capacity, which could adversely affect the Companys results of operations.

The Company is subject to state and federal requirements concerning emissions from thermal generation plants. For additional information, see “Environmental Matters” in Item 1-“Business.” These requirements could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations by requiring (i) the installation of additional emissions controls at the Company’s generating plants, which could result in increased capital expenditures and (ii) changes to PGE’s operations that could increase operating costs and reduce generating capacity.

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Adverse capital market performance could result in reductions in the fair value of benefit plan assets and increase the Company’s liabilities related to such plans. Sustained declines in the fair value of the plans’ assets could result in significant increases in funding requirements, adversely affecting PGE’s liquidity and results of operations.

Performance of the capital markets affects the value of assets that are held in trust to satisfy future obligations under the Company’s defined benefit pension plan. Sustained adverse market performance could result in lower rates of return for these assets than projected by the Company and could increase PGE’s funding requirements related to the pension plan. Additionally, changes in interest rates affect the Company’s liabilities under the pension plan. As interest rates decrease, the Company’s liabilities increase, potentially requiring additional funding. In 2011, discount rates used to value the pension plan declined substantially. This decline, combined with an increased actuarial loss related to prior year asset under performance, contributed to an increase in pension plan’s underfunded status from $77 million as of December 31, 2010 to $147 million as of December 31, 2011.

Performance of the capital markets also affects the fair value of assets that are held in trust to satisfy future obligations under the Company’s non-qualified employee benefit plans, which include deferred compensation plans. As changes in the fair value of these assets are recorded in current earnings, decreases can adversely affect the Company’s operating results. In addition, such decreases can require that PGE make additional payments to satisfy its obligations under these plans.

For additional information regarding PGE’s contribution obligations under its pension and non-qualified benefit plans, see the “Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments” table in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” in Note 10, Employee Benefits, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.— “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Failure of PGE’s wholesale suppliers to perform their contractual obligations could adversely affect the Company’s ability to deliver electricity and increase the Company’s costs.

PGE relies on suppliers to deliver natural gas, coal and electricity, in accordance with short- and long-term contracts. Failure of suppliers to comply with such contracts in a timely manner could disrupt PGE’s ability to deliver electricity and require the Company to incur additional expenses to meet the needs of its customers. In addition, as these contracts expire, PGE could be unable to continue to purchase natural gas, coal or electricity on terms and conditions equivalent to those of existing agreements. The cost and availability of natural gas and coal can also impact the cost and output of the Company’s thermal generating plants.

Operational changes required to comply with both existing and new environmental laws related to fish and wildlife could adversely affect PGE’s results of operations.

A portion of PGE’s total energy requirement consists of generation from hydroelectric and wind projects. Operation of these projects is subject to regulation related to the protection of fish and wildlife. The listing of various species of salmon, wildlife, and plants as threatened or endangered has resulted in significant changes to federally-authorized activities, including those of hydroelectric projects. Salmon recovery plans could include further major operational changes to the region’s hydroelectric projects, including those owned by PGE and those from which the Company purchases power under long-term contracts. In addition, laws relating to the protection of migratory birds and other wildlife could impact the development and operation of transmission lines and wind projects. Also, new interpretations of existing laws and regulations could be adopted or become applicable to such facilities, which could further increase required expenditures for salmon recovery and endangered species protection and reduce the amount of hydro or wind generation available to meet the Company’s energy requirements.

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PGE could be vulnerable to cyber security attacks, data security breaches or other similar events that could disrupt its operations, require significant expenditures or result in claims against the Company.

In the normal course of business, PGE collects, processes and retains sensitive and confidential customer and employee information, as well as proprietary business information, and operates systems that directly impact the availability of electric power and the transmission of electric power in its service territory. Despite the security measures in place, the Company’s systems, and those of third-party service providers, could be vulnerable to cyber security attacks, data security breaches or other similar events that could disrupt operations or result in the release of sensitive or confidential information. Such events could cause a shutdown of service or expose the Company to liability. In addition, the Company may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches. The Company maintains insurance coverage against some, but not all, potential losses resulting from these risks. However, insurance may not be adequate to protect the Company against liability in all cases. In addition, PGE is subject to the risk that insurers will dispute or be unable to perform their obligations to the Company.

Storms and other natural disasters could damage the Company’s facilities and disrupt delivery of electricity resulting in significant property loss, repair costs, and reduced customer satisfaction.

The Company has exposure to natural disasters that can cause significant damage to its generation, transmission, and distribution facilities. Such events can interrupt the delivery of electricity, increase repair and service restoration expenses, and reduce revenues. Such events, if repeated or prolonged, can also affect customer satisfaction and the level of regulatory oversight. As a regulated utility, the Company is required to provide service to all customers within its service territory and generally has been afforded liability protection against customer claims related to service failures beyond the Company’s reasonable control.
In PGE’s 2011 General Rate Case, the OPUC authorized the Company to collect $2 million annually from retail customers for such damages and to defer any amount not utilized in the current year. The deferred amount, along with the annual collection, would be available to offset potential storm damage costs in future years.

PGE utilizes insurance, when possible, to mitigate the cost of physical loss or damage to the Company’s property. As cost effective insurance coverage for transmission and distribution line property (poles & wires) is currently not available, however, the Company would likely seek recovery of large losses to such property through the ratemaking process.

PGE is subject to extensive regulation that affects the Company’s operations and costs.

PGE is subject to regulation by the FERC, the OPUC, and by certain federal, state and local authorities under environmental and other laws. Such regulation significantly influences the Company’s operating environment and can have an effect on many aspects of its business. Changes to regulations are ongoing, and the Company cannot predict with certainty the future course of such changes or the ultimate effect that they might have on its business. However, changes in regulations could delay or adversely affect business planning and transactions, and substantially increase the Company’s costs.

PGE has an aging workforce with a significant number of employees approaching retirement age.

The Company anticipates higher averages of retirement rates over the next ten years and will likely need to replace a significant number of employees in key positions. PGE’s ability to successfully implement a workforce succession plan is dependent upon the Company’s ability to employ and retain skilled professional and technical workers. Without a skilled workforce, the Company would face greater challenges in providing quality service to its customers and meeting regulatory requirements, both of which could affect operating results.
 
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.


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ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES.

PGE’s principal property, plant, and equipment are located on land owned by the Company or land under the control of the Company pursuant to existing leases, federal or state licenses, easements or other agreements. In some cases, meters and transformers are located on customer property. The Company leases its corporate headquarters complex, located in Portland, Oregon. The Indenture securing the Company’s First Mortgage Bonds constitutes a direct first mortgage lien on substantially all utility property and franchises, other than expressly excepted property.

The Company’s service territory and generating facilities are indicated below:



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Generating Facilities

The following are generating facilities owned by PGE as of December 31, 2011:

Facility
 
Location
 
Net
Capacity (1)
 
Wholly-owned:
 
 
 
 
 
Hydro:
 
 
 
 
 
Faraday
 
Clackamas River
 
46

MW 
North Fork
 
Clackamas River
 
58

  
Oak Grove
 
Clackamas River
 
44

  
River Mill
 
Clackamas River
 
25

  
T.W. Sullivan
 
Willamette River
 
18

  
Natural Gas/Oil:
 
 
 
 
 
Beaver
 
Clatskanie, Oregon
 
516

  
Port Westward
 
Clatskanie, Oregon
 
410

 
Coyote Springs
 
Boardman, Oregon
 
246

  
Wind:
 
 
 
 
 
Biglow Canyon
 
Sherman County, Oregon
 
450

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jointly-owned (2):
 
 
 
 
 
Coal:
 
 
 
 
 
Boardman (3)
 
Boardman, Oregon
 
374

  
Colstrip (4)
 
Colstrip, Montana
 
296

  
Hydro:
 
 
 
 
 
Pelton (5)
 
Deschutes River
 
73

  
Round Butte (5)
 
Deschutes River
 
225

  
Total net capacity
 
 
 
2,781

MW 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Represents net capacity of generating unit as demonstrated by actual operating or test experience, net of electricity used in the operation of a given facility. For wind-powered generating facilities, nameplate ratings are used in place of net capacity. A generator’s nameplate rating is its full-load capacity under normal operating conditions as defined by the manufacturer.
(2)
Reflects PGE’s ownership share.
(3)
PGE operates Boardman and has a 65% ownership interest.
(4)
PPL Montana, LLC operates Colstrip and PGE has a 20% ownership interest.
(5)
PGE operates Pelton and Round Butte and has a 66.67% ownership interest.

PGE’s hydroelectric projects are operated pursuant to FERC licenses issued under the Federal Power Act. The licenses for the hydroelectric projects on the three different rivers expire as follows: Clackamas River, 2055; Willamette River, 2035; and Deschutes River, 2055. The FERC approved a 40-year license term for the Company’s hydroelectric project on the Clackamas River in December 2010 and in March 2011, issued an Order on Rehearing that increased the license period to 45 years.


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Transmission and Distribution

PGE owns and/or has contractual rights associated with transmission lines that deliver electricity from its Oregon generation facilities to its distribution system in its service territory and also to the Western Interconnection. As of December 31, 2011, PGE owned an electric transmission system consisting of approximately 730 circuit miles of 500-kV line and 360 circuit miles of 230-kV line. The Company also has approximately 24,000 circuit miles of primary and secondary distribution lines that deliver electricity to its customers.

The Company also has an ownership interest in the following transmission facilities:

Approximately 14% of the Montana Intertie from the Colstrip plant in Montana to BPA’s transmission system; and

Approximately 19% of the California-Oregon AC Intertie (COI), a 4,800 MW transmission facility between John Day, in northern Oregon, and Malin, in southern Oregon near the California border.

In addition, the Company has contractual rights to the following transmission capacity:

Approximately 3,100 MW of firm BPA transmission from remote resources and markets on BPA’s system to PGE’s service territory in Oregon;

200 MW of firm BPA transmission from mid-Columbia projects to the California-Oregon AC Intertie and 100 MW to the DC Intertie; and

100 MW of the Pacific DC Intertie between Celilo, Oregon and Sylmar, in southern California. These rights expire after June 30, 2012.

The California-Oregon AC Intertie and the Pacific DC Intertie are used primarily for the transmission of interstate purchases and sales of electricity among utilities, including PGE.

ITEM 3.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Citizens’ Utility Board of Oregon v. Public Utility Commission of Oregon and Utility Reform Project and Colleen O’Neill v. Public Utility Commission of Oregon, Public Utility Commission of Oregon Docket Nos. DR 10, UE 88, and UM 989, Marion County Oregon Circuit Court, Case No. 94C-10417, the Court of Appeals of the State of Oregon, the Oregon Supreme Court, Case No. SC S45653.

PGE, in its 1993 general rate filing, sought OPUC approval to recover through rates future decommissioning costs and full recovery of, and a rate of return on, its Trojan investment. PGE’s request was challenged, but in August 1993, the OPUC issued a Declaratory Ruling in PGE’s favor. The Citizens’ Utility Board (CUB) appealed the decision to the Oregon Court of Appeals.

In PGE’s 1995 general rate case, the OPUC issued an order (1995 Order) granting PGE full recovery of Trojan decommissioning costs and 87% of its remaining undepreciated investment in the plant. The Utility Reform Project (URP) filed an appeal of the 1995 Order to the Marion County Circuit Court. The CUB also filed an appeal to the Marion County Circuit Court challenging the portion of the 1995 Order that authorized PGE to recover a return on its remaining undepreciated investment in Trojan.

In April 1996, the Marion County Circuit Court issued a decision that found that the OPUC could not authorize PGE to collect a return on its undepreciated investment in Trojan. The 1996 decision was appealed to the Oregon Court of Appeals.

In June 1998, the Oregon Court of Appeals ruled that the OPUC did not have the authority to allow PGE to recover a rate of return on its undepreciated investment in Trojan. The court remanded the matter to the OPUC for reconsideration of its 1995 Order in light of the court’s decision.

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In September 2000, PGE, CUB, and the OPUC Staff settled proceedings related to PGE’s recovery of its investment in the Trojan plant (Settlement). The URP did not participate in the Settlement and filed a complaint with the OPUC, challenging PGE’s application for approval of the accounting and ratemaking elements of the Settlement.

In March 2002, the OPUC issued an order (Settlement Order) denying all of the URP’s challenges and approving PGE’s application for the accounting and ratemaking elements of the Settlement. The URP appealed the Settlement Order to the Marion County Circuit Court. Following various appeals and proceedings, the Oregon Court of Appeals issued an opinion in October 2007 that reversed the Settlement Order and remanded the Settlement Order to the OPUC for reconsideration.

As a result of its reconsideration of the Settlement Order, the OPUC issued an order in September 2008 that required PGE to refund $33.1 million to customers. The Company completed the distribution of the refund to customers, plus accrued interest, as required.

In October 2008, the URP and the Class Action Plaintiffs (described in the Dreyer proceeding below) separately appealed the September 2008 OPUC order to the Oregon Court of Appeals. Oral arguments were made on February 3, 2012 and a decision by the Oregon Court of Appeals remains pending.

Dreyer, Gearhart and Kafoury Bros., LLC v. Portland General Electric Company, Marion County Circuit Court, Case No. 03C 10639; and Morgan v. Portland General Electric Company, Marion County Circuit Court, Case No. 03C 10640.

In January 2003, two class action suits were filed in Marion County Circuit Court against PGE. The Dreyer case seeks to represent current PGE customers that were customers during the period from April 1, 1995 to October 1, 2000 (Current Class) and the Morgan case seeks to represent PGE customers that were customers during the period from April 1, 1995 to October 1, 2000, but who are no longer customers (Former Class, together with the Current Class, the Class Action Plaintiffs). The suits seek damages of $190 million plus interest for the Current Class and $70 million plus interest for the Former Class, from the inclusion of a return on investment of Trojan in the rates PGE charged its customers.

In April 2004, the Class Action Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and in July 2004, PGE also moved for Summary Judgment in its favor on all of the Class Action Plaintiffs’ claims. In December 2004, the Judge granted the Class Action Plaintiffs’ motion for Class Certification and Partial Summary Judgment and denied PGE’s motion for Summary Judgment. In March 2005, PGE filed two Petitions with the Oregon Supreme Court asking the Court to take jurisdiction and command the trial Judge to dismiss the complaints, or to show cause why they should not be dismissed, and seeking to overturn the Class Certification.

In August 2006, the Oregon Supreme Court issued a ruling on PGE’s Petitions abating these class action proceedings until the OPUC responded with respect to the certain issues that had been remanded to the OPUC by the Marion County Circuit Court in the proceeding described above.

In October 2006, the Marion County Circuit Court issued an Order of Abatement in response to the ruling of the Oregon Supreme Court, abating the class actions for one year.

In October 2007, the Class Action Plaintiffs filed a Motion with the Marion County Circuit Court to lift the abatement. In February 2009, the Circuit Court judge denied the Motion to lift the abatement.

Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All Jurisdictional Sellers of Energy and/or Capacity at Wholesale Into Electric Energy and/or Capacity Markets in the Pacific Northwest, Including Parties to the Western System Power Pool Agreement, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Docket Nos. EL01-10-000, et seq., and Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Case No. 03-74139 (collectively, Pacific Northwest Refund proceeding).

In July 2001, the FERC called for a preliminary evidentiary hearing to explore whether there may have been unjust and unreasonable charges for spot market sales of electricity in the Pacific Northwest from December 25, 2000 through June 20, 2001. During that period, PGE both sold and purchased electricity in the Pacific Northwest. In

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September 2001, upon completion of hearings, the appointed administrative law judge issued a recommended order that the claims for refunds be dismissed. In December 2002, the FERC re-opened the case to allow parties to conduct further discovery. In June 2003, the FERC issued an order terminating the proceeding and denying the claims for refunds. In November 2003 and February 2004, the FERC denied all requests for rehearing of its June 2003 decision. Parties appealed various aspects of these FERC orders to the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit).

In August 2007, the Ninth Circuit issued its decision on appeal, concluding that the FERC failed to adequately explain how it considered or examined new evidence showing intentional market manipulation in California and its potential ties to the Pacific Northwest and that the FERC should not have excluded from the Pacific Northwest Refund proceeding purchases of energy made by the California Energy Resources Scheduling (CERS) division in the Pacific Northwest spot market. The Ninth Circuit remanded the case to the FERC to (i) address the new market manipulation evidence in detail and account for it in any future orders regarding the award or denial of refunds in the proceedings, (ii) include sales to CERS in its analysis, and (iii) further consider its refund decision in light of related, intervening opinions of the court. The Ninth Circuit offered no opinion on the FERC’s findings based on the record established by the administrative law judge and did not rule on the FERC’s ultimate decision to deny refunds. Two requests for rehearing were filed with the court and, in April 2009, the Ninth Circuit issued an order that denied the requests for rehearing and issued a mandate giving immediate effect to its August 2007 order remanding the case to the FERC.

In October 2011, the FERC issued an Order on Remand establishing an evidentiary hearing to determine whether any seller had engaged in unlawful market activity in the Pacific Northwest spot markets during the December 25, 2000 through June 20, 2001 period by violating specific contracts or tariffs, and, if so, whether a direct connection existed between the alleged unlawful conduct and the rate charged under the applicable contract. FERC held that the Mobile-Sierra public interest standard governs challenges to the bilateral contracts at issue in this proceeding, and the strong presumption under Mobile-Sierra that the rates charged under each contract are just and reasonable would have to be specifically overcome before a refund could be ordered. FERC directed the presiding judge, if necessary, to determine a refund methodology and to calculate refunds, but held that a market-wide remedy was not appropriate, given the bilateral contract nature of the Pacific Northwest spot markets. Certain parties claiming refunds filed requests for rehearing of the Order on Remand, contesting, among other things, the applicable refund period reflected in the Order, the use of the Mobile-Sierra standard, any restraints in the Order on the type of evidence that could be introduced in the hearing, and the lack of market-wide remedy. The rehearing requests remain pending.

In its October 2011 Order on Remand, the FERC held the hearing procedures in abeyance pending the results of settlement discussions, which it ordered be convened before a FERC settlement judge. The settlement proceedings are ongoing.

In May 2007, the FERC approved a settlement between PGE and certain parties in the California refund case in Docket No. EL00-95, et seq. This resolved the claims between PGE and the California parties named in the settlement as to transactions in the Pacific Northwest during the settlement period, January 1, 2000 through June 20, 2001. The settlement with the California parties did not resolve potential claims from other market participants relating to transactions in the Pacific Northwest.


ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.


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PART II

ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

PGE’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol “POR”. As of February 17, 2012, there were 1,105 holders of record of PGE’s common stock and the closing sales price of PGE’s common stock on that date was $25.14 per share. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the highest and lowest sales prices of PGE’s common stock as reported on the NYSE.
 
 
High
 
Low
 
Dividends
Declared
Per Share
2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
25.54

 
$
22.27

 
$
0.265

Third Quarter
 
26.00

 
21.29

 
0.265

Second Quarter
 
26.05

 
23.30

 
0.265

First Quarter
 
24.00

 
21.64

 
0.260

2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
22.65

 
$
20.13

 
$
0.260

Third Quarter
 
20.63

 
18.08

 
0.260

Second Quarter
 
20.60

 
18.10

 
0.260

First Quarter
 
20.66

 
17.46

 
0.255

While PGE expects to pay comparable quarterly dividends on its common stock in the future, the declaration of any dividends is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The amount of any dividend declaration depends upon factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant and may include, but are not limited to, PGE’s results of operations and financial condition, future capital expenditures and investments, and applicable regulatory and contractual restrictions.


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ITEM 6.     SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

The following consolidated selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Statement of Income Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues, net
$
1,813

 
$
1,783

 
$
1,804

 
$
1,745

 
$
1,743

Gross margin
58
%
 
54
%
 
48
%
 
50
%
 
50
%
Income from operations
$
309

 
$
267

 
$
208

 
$
217

 
$
269

Net income
147

 
121

 
89

 
87

 
145

Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company
147

 
125

 
95

 
87

 
145

Earnings per share—basic and diluted
1.95

 
1.66

 
1.31

 
1.39

 
2.33

Dividends declared per common share
1.055

 
1.035

 
1.010

 
0.970

 
0.930

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Cash Flows Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
300

 
450

 
696

 
383

 
455

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
(Dollars in millions)
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
5,733

 
$
5,491

 
$
5,172

 
$
4,889

 
$
4,108

Total long-term debt
1,735

 
1,808

 
1,744

 
1,306

 
1,313

Total Portland General Electric Company shareholders’ equity
1,663

 
1,592

 
1,542

 
1,354

 
1,316

Common equity ratio
48.6
%
 
46.7
%
 
46.9
%
 
47.3
%
 
50.0
%


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ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Forward-Looking Statements

The information in this report includes statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to expectations, beliefs, plans, assumptions and objectives concerning future operations, business prospects, expected changes in future loads, the outcome of litigation and regulatory proceedings, future capital expenditures, market conditions, future events or performance and other matters. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will likely result,” “will continue,” “should,” or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed. PGE’s expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and are believed by PGE to have a reasonable basis including, but not limited to, management’s examination of historical operating trends and data contained in records and other data available from third parties, but there can be no assurance that PGE’s expectations, beliefs or projections will be achieved or accomplished.

In addition to any assumptions and other factors and matters referred to specifically in connection with such forward-looking statements, factors that could cause actual results or outcomes for PGE to differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements include:

governmental policies and regulatory audits, investigations and actions, including those of the FERC and OPUC with respect to allowed rates of return, financings, electricity pricing and price structures, acquisition and disposal of facilities and other assets, construction and operation of plant facilities, transmission of electricity, recovery of power costs and capital investments, and current or prospective wholesale and retail competition;

the effects of weak economies in the state of Oregon and the United States, including decreased demand for electricity, reduced revenue from sales of excess energy during periods of low wholesale market prices, impaired financial stability of vendors and service providers and elevated levels of uncollectible customer accounts;
the outcome of legal and regulatory proceedings and issues including, but not limited to, the matters described in Note 18, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.— “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K; 
unseasonable or extreme weather and other natural phenomena, which can affect customer demand for power and could significantly affect PGE’s ability and cost to procure adequate power and fuel supplies to serve its customers, and could increase the Company’s costs to maintain its generating facilities and transmission and distribution systems;
operational factors affecting PGE’s power generation facilities, including forced outages, hydro and wind conditions, and disruption of fuel supply, which may cause the Company to incur repair costs, as well as increased power costs for replacement power;
volatility in wholesale power and natural gas prices, which could require the Company to issue additional letters of credit or post additional cash as collateral with counterparties pursuant to existing power and natural gas purchase agreements;

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capital market conditions, including access to capital, interest rate volatility, reductions in demand for investment-grade commercial paper and the availability and cost of capital, as well as changes in PGE’s credit ratings, which could have an impact on the Company’s cost of capital and its ability to access the capital markets to support requirements for working capital, construction costs, and the repayments of maturing debt;
future laws, regulations, and proceedings that could increase the Company’s costs or affect the operations of the Company’s thermal generating plants by imposing requirements for additional emissions controls or significant emissions fees or taxes, particularly with respect to coal-fired generation facilities, in order to mitigate carbon dioxide, mercury and other gas emissions;
changes in wholesale prices for natural gas, coal, oil, and other fuels and the impact of such changes on the Company’s power costs and the availability and price of wholesale power in the western United States;
changes in residential, commercial, and industrial customer growth, and in demographic patterns, in PGE’s service territory;
the effectiveness of PGE’s risk management policies and procedures and the creditworthiness of customers and counterparties;
the failure to complete capital projects on schedule and within budget;
declines in the fair value of equity securities held by defined benefit pension plans and other benefit plans, which could result in increased funding requirements for such plans;
changes in, and compliance with, environmental and endangered species laws and policies;
the effects of climate change, including changes in the environment that may affect energy costs or consumption, increase the Company’s costs, or adversely affect its operations;
new federal, state, and local laws that could have adverse effects on operating results;
cyber security attacks, data security breaches, or other malicious acts that cause damage to the Company’s generation and transmission facilities, information technology systems, or result in the release of confidential customer and proprietary information;
employee workforce factors, including aging, potential strikes, work stoppages, and transitions in senior management;
general political, economic, and financial market conditions;
natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquake, flood, drought, lightning, wind, and fire;
financial or regulatory accounting principles or policies imposed by governing bodies; and
acts of war or terrorism.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and, except as required by law, PGE undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can it assess the impact of any such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.


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Overview

Operating Activities—PGE is a vertically integrated electric utility engaged in the generation, purchase, transmission, distribution, and retail sale of electricity in the state of Oregon, as well as the wholesale sale of electricity and natural gas in the United States and Canada. The Company generates revenues and cash flows primarily from the sale and distribution of electricity to customers in its service territory.

The Company’s revenues and income from operations can fluctuate during the year due to the impacts of seasonal weather conditions on demand for electricity. Price changes and customer usage patterns (which can be affected by the economy) also have an effect on revenues while the availability and price of purchased power and fuel can affect income from operations. PGE is a winter-peaking utility that typically experiences its highest retail energy sales during the winter heating season, with a slightly lower peak in the summer that generally results from air conditioning demand.

Customers and Demand—Continued customer growth and significantly higher demand from a certain paper production customer during 2011 has resulted in a 3.3% increase in retail energy deliveries over 2010. Energy efficiency and conservation efforts by retail customers continue to influence total deliveries, although the financial effects of such efforts are intended to be mitigated by the decoupling mechanism. On a weather adjusted basis, retail energy deliveries in 2011 increased 1.4% compared to 2010, with 1% attributable to the paper production sector.
 
The following table indicates the average number of retail customers, including those customers who purchase their energy from an ESS, and deliveries, by customer class, during the past two years:

 
2011
 
2010
 
Increase/
(Decrease)
in Energy
Deliveries
 
Average
Number of
Customers
 
Energy
Deliveries *
 
Average
Number of
Customers
 
Energy
Deliveries *
 
Residential
719,977

 
7,733

 
717,719

 
7,452

 
3.8
%
Commercial
102,940

 
7,419

 
102,282

 
7,277

 
2.0

Industrial
255

 
4,193

 
265

 
4,004

 
4.7

Total
823,172

 
19,345

 
820,266

 
18,733

 
3.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 *
In thousands of MWh.

PGE projects that weather adjusted retail energy deliveries for 2012 will increase approximately 0.9% from 2011 weather adjusted levels, after allowing for energy efficiency and conservation efforts. Excluding certain paper production customers, PGE projects that retail energy deliveries for 2012 will increase approximately 1% to 1.5% from 2011 weather adjusted levels. One of these paper customers ceased operation early in 2011 and a second can purchase its incremental energy requirements based on market conditions, which can cause significant load volatility.

Average seasonally adjusted unemployment rates are as follows:

 
 
United States
 
Oregon
 
Portland/Salem
2011
 
9.0
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.6
%
2010
 
9.6

 
10.6

 
10.5


The majority of the Company’s service territory lies within the Portland/Salem metropolitan area. The state of Oregon, which continues to experience in-migration, forecasts that the average Oregon unemployment rate for 2012 is expected to be approximately 9.2%.

Power Operations—To meet the energy needs of its retail customers, the Company utilizes a combination of its

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own generating resources and wholesale market transactions. Based on numerous factors, including plant availability, customer demand, river flows, wind conditions, and current wholesale prices, PGE makes economic dispatch decisions continuously in an effort to obtain reasonably-priced power for its retail customers. In addition, PGE’s thermal generating plants require varying levels of annual maintenance, during which the respective plant is unavailable to provide power. As a result, the amount of power generated and purchased in the wholesale market to meet the Company’s retail load requirement can vary from period to period.

During the second quarters of 2011 and 2010, such annual maintenance was performed, with more extensive planned service maintenance completed in 2011 compared to 2010. Availability of the plants PGE operates approximated 93%, 95%, and 89% for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, with the availability of Colstrip, which PGE does not operate, approximating 84%, 95%, and 68%, respectively. The decrease in Colstrip’s availability in 2011 was due to the plant’s planned maintenance, which included the installation of a new rotor for Unit 3.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company’s generating plants provided approximately 48% of its retail load requirement, compared to 64% in 2010 and 57% in 2009. Although the level of service maintenance on the Company’s generating plants was greater in 2011 than in 2010, the decrease in the relative volume of power generated to meet the Company’s retail load requirement was primarily due to the economic displacement of a significant amount of thermal generation by increased energy received from hydro resources and lower cost purchased power during 2011.

Energy received from PGE-owned hydroelectric plants and under contracts from mid-Columbia hydroelectric projects increased 14% in 2011 compared to 2010. These resources provided approximately 25% of the Company’s retail load requirement for 2011, and 23% for 2010 and 25% for 2009. Energy received from these sources exceeded projections (or “normal”) included in the Company’s Annual Power Cost Update Tariff (AUT) by approximately 13% during 2011, compared to falling short of such projections by approximately 8% during 2010 and 2009. Such projections, which are finalized with the OPUC in November each year, establish the power cost component of retail prices for the following calendar year. ‘Normal’ represents the level of energy forecasted to be received from hydroelectric resources for the year and is based on average regional hydro conditions. Any excess in hydro generation from that projected in the AUT generally displaces power from higher cost sources, while any shortfall is generally replaced with power from higher cost sources. Energy from hydro resources is expected to be below normal for 2012.

Energy expected to be received from wind generating resources is projected annually in the AUT and is based on wind studies completed in connection with the permitting process of the wind farm. Any excess in wind generation from that projected in the AUT generally displaces power from higher cost sources, while any shortfall is generally replaced with power from higher cost sources. Energy received from wind generating resources fell short of that projected in PGE’s AUT by 13% in 2011 and 27% in 2010.

Pursuant to the Company’s power cost adjustment mechanism (PCAM), customer prices can be adjusted to reflect a portion of the difference between each year’s forecasted net variable power costs (NVPC) included in prices (baseline NVPC) and actual NVPC for the year, to the extent such difference is outside of a pre-determined “deadband.” The PCAM provides for 90% of actual NVPC above or below the deadband to be collected from or refunded to customers, respectively, subject to a regulated earnings test. Any estimated collection from or refund to customers pursuant to the PCAM is recorded in Revenues in the Company’s statements of income in the period of accrual. Starting in 2011, the deadband ranges from $15 million below to $30 million above baseline NVPC.

For the year ended December 31, 2011, actual NVPC was approximately $34 million below baseline NVPC, which is $19 million below the lower deadband threshold. For 2011, PGE recorded an estimated refund to customers of approximately $10 million pursuant to the PCAM, reduced from the $17 million potential refund as the result of the regulated earnings test. For 2010, actual NVPC was approximately $12 million below baseline NVPC, with no refund to customers recorded as actual NVPC was within the established deadband range of $17 million below to $35 million above baseline NVPC. For 2009, actual NVPC was approximately $22 million above baseline NVPC,

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with no collection from customers recorded as actual NVPC was within the established deadband range of $15 million below to $29 million above baseline NVPC.

Capital Requirements and Financing—PGE’s capital requirements in 2011 primarily related to ongoing capital expenditures for the upgrade, replacement, and expansion of transmission, distribution and generation infrastructure, as well as technology enhancements and expenditures related to hydro licensing. Included in such capital expenditures were the installation of the first of planned emissions controls at Boardman and the replacement of the cooling tower structure and upgrades to the gas turbine and exhaust system components at Coyote Springs during their annual maintenance outages. Capital expenditures were $300 million in 2011 and are expected to approximate $328 million in 2012.

Although there were no contractual maturities of long-term debt, PGE redeemed $73 million of long-term debt in 2011. Contractual maturities of long-term debt are $100 million in 2012.

During 2011, cash from operations of $453 million funded the Company’s capital requirements and redemptions of long-term debt. For 2012, PGE expects to fund estimated capital requirements and contractual maturities of long-term debt with cash from operations, which is expected to approximate $500 million. For further information, see the Liquidity and Debt and Equity Financings sections of this Item 7.

In accordance with PGE’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and pursuant to the OPUC’s competitive bidding guidelines, the Company plans to issue two RFPs for additional resources during 2012, with one for capacity and energy resources and another for renewable resources. The RFP for capacity and energy resources is expected to seek approximately 300 MW to 500 MW of base load energy resources, 200 MW of year-round flexible and peaking resources, 200 MW of bi-seasonal peaking supply, and 150 MW of winter-only peaking supply. The flexible and peaking resources are expected to be available in the 2013 to 2015 timeframe, with the base load energy resources expected to be available in the 2015 to 2017 timeframe. The RFP for renewable resources would seek approximately 101 MWa of renewable resources, which would be expected to be available to meet PGE’s 2015 requirements under Oregon’s renewable energy standard.

For additional information concerning PGE’s IRP, see “Future Energy Resource Strategy” in the Power Supply section of Item 1.—“Business” and the Capital Requirements section in this Item 7.

Legal, Regulatory and Environmental Matters—PGE is a party to certain proceedings, the ultimate outcome of which could have a material impact on the results of operations and cash flows in future reporting periods. Such proceedings include, but are not limited to, matters related to:
 
Recovery of the Company’s investment in its closed Trojan plant;
Claims for refunds related to wholesale energy sales during 2000 - 2001 in the Pacific Northwest Refund proceeding; and
An investigation of environmental matters at Portland Harbor.

For additional information regarding the above and other matters, see Note 18, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

The following discussion highlights certain regulatory items, which have impacted the Company’s revenues, results of operations, or cash flows for 2011, and some have affected customer prices, as authorized by the OPUC. In some cases, the Company deferred the related expenses or benefits as regulatory assets or liabilities, respectively, for later amortization and inclusion in customer prices, pending OPUC review and authorization.


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Retail revenue adjustments, as approved by the OPUC, became effective during 2011, pursuant to the processes or mechanisms described below:

General Rate Case—Effective January 1, 2011, the OPUC approved an increase in PGE’s annual revenues of $65 million, which represented an approximate 3.9% overall increase in customer prices, and included a reduction in power costs of $35 million under the AUT.

The OPUC also approved a tariff that provides a mechanism for future consideration of customer price changes related to the recovery of the Company’s remaining investment in the Boardman generating plant over a shortened operating life. The Company plans to cease coal-fired operation at Boardman at the end of 2020, consistent with revised rules adopted by the Oregon Environmental Quality Commission in December 2010 and approved by the EPA in June 2011.

Pursuant to the tariff, the OPUC approved recovery of increased depreciation expense reflecting a change in the retirement date of Boardman from 2040 to 2020 and an updated decommissioning cost estimate, with new prices effective July 1, 2011, which provided an incremental revenue requirement for the last six months of 2011 of $7 million. The tariff provides for annual updates to the revenue requirements with revised prices to take effect each January 1.

Power Costs—Pursuant to the AUT process, PGE annually files an estimate of its forecasted power costs, with new prices to become effective January 1st of the following year. In the event a general rate case is filed in any given year, forecasted power costs would be included in such filing. Effective January 1, 2012, rate adjustments under the AUT are estimated to reduce annual retail revenues by $22 million due to a reduction in power costs.

Renewable Resource Costs—Pursuant to a renewable adjustment clause (RAC) mechanism, PGE can recover in customer prices prudently incurred costs of renewable resources that are expected to be placed in service in the current year. The mechanism impacts results of operations only to the extent of providing a return on the Company’s investments. It will, however, result in an increase in cash flows during future years to provide for the recovery of the initial capital expenditures for the renewable resources. The Company may submit a filing to the OPUC by April 1st each year, with prices to become effective January 1st of the following year. As part of the RAC, the OPUC has authorized the deferral of eligible costs not yet included in customer prices until the January 1st effective date.

The Company did not submit a RAC filing in 2011, as it did not anticipate an approved renewable resource addition would be placed into service during the year.
  
Decoupling Mechanism—The decoupling mechanism provides for customer collection or refund if weather adjusted use per customer is less than or more than that approved in the Company’s most recent general rate case. In the Company’s 2011 General Rate Case, the OPUC extended the mechanism through 2013.

In May 2010, the OPUC authorized the Company to refund to retail customers approximately $3 million related to the twelve month period ended January 31, 2010, as weather adjusted use per customer exceeded levels included in the 2009 General Rate Case. Revenues were adjusted during the corresponding period, while credits to customers began June 1, 2010 and continued over a one-year period.

In 2010, the Company recorded an estimated collection of $8 million, as weather adjusted use per customer was less than levels included in the 2009 General Rate Case. Collection from customers is to occur over a one-year period, which began June 1, 2011.

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During 2011, the Company recorded a $2 million refund to customers, which resulted primarily from slightly higher weather adjusted use per customer than that approved in the 2011 General Rate Case.

Pending review and approval by the OPUC, any resulting refunds to customers would be expected over a one-year period beginning June 1, 2012.

Refund of tax credits—In January 2011, PGE began providing credits to customers over a one year period for pollution control tax credits the Company had accumulated related to the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI). During 2011, the Company provided $18 million in customer credits.

Results of Operations

The following tables provide financial and operational information to be considered in conjunction with management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations.

The consolidated statements of income for the years presented (dollars in millions):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
Amount
 
As %
of Rev
 
Amount
 
As %
of Rev
 
Amount
 
As %
of Rev
Revenues, net
$
1,813

 
100
%
 
$
1,783

 
100
%
 
$
1,804

 
100
%
Purchased power and fuel
760

 
42

 
829

 
46

 
944

 
52

Gross margin
1,053

 
58

 
954

 
54

 
860

 
48

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production and distribution
201

 
11

 
174

 
10

 
178

 
10

Administrative and other
218

 
12

 
186

 
11

 
179

 
10

Depreciation and amortization
227

 
13

 
238

 
13

 
211

 
12

Taxes other than income taxes
98

 
5

 
89

 
5

 
84

 
4

Total operating expenses
744

 
41

 
687

 
39

 
652

 
36

Income from operations
309

 
17

 
267

 
15

 
208

 
12

Other income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for equity funds used during construction
5

 

 
13

 
1

 
18

 
1

Miscellaneous income, net
1

 

 
4

 

 
3

 

Other income, net
6

 

 
17

 
1

 
21

 
1

Interest expense
110

 
6

 
110

 
6

 
104

 
6

Income before income taxes
205

 
11

 
174

 
10

 
125

 
7

Income taxes
58

 
3

 
53

 
3

 
36

 
2

Net income
147

 
8

 
121

 
7

 
89

 
5

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

 

 
(4
)
 

 
(6
)
 

Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company
$
147

 
8
%
 
$
125

 
7
%
 
$
95

 
5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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Revenues, energy deliveries (based in MWh), and average number of retail customers consist of the following for the years presented:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Revenues(1) (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
$
877

 
48
 %
 
$
803

 
45
%
 
$
856

 
47
%
Commercial
635

 
35

 
601

 
34

 
642

 
36

Industrial
226

 
13

 
221

 
12

 
166

 
9

Subtotal
1,738

 
96

 
1,625

 
91

 
1,664

 
92

    Other accrued revenues, net
(16
)
 
(1
)
 
39

 
2

 
(7
)
 

Total retail revenues
1,722

 
95

 
1,664

 
93

 
1,657

 
92

Wholesale revenues
60

 
3

 
87

 
5

 
112

 
6

Other operating revenues
31

 
2

 
32

 
2

 
35

 
2

Total revenues
$
1,813

 
100
 %
 
$
1,783

 
100
%
 
$
1,804

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Energy deliveries(2) (MWh in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
7,733

 
36
 %
 
7,452

 
35
%
 
7,901

 
36
%
Commercial
7,419

 
35

 
7,277

 
34

 
7,559

 
34

Industrial
4,193

 
19

 
4,004

 
19

 
3,876

 
17

Total retail energy deliveries
19,345

 
90

 
18,733

 
88

 
19,336

 
87

Wholesale energy deliveries
2,142

 
10

 
2,580

 
12

 
2,896

 
13

Total energy deliveries
21,487

 
100
 %
 
21,313

 
100
%
 
22,232

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average number of retail customers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential
719,977

 
87
 %
 
717,719

 
88
%
 
714,377

 
88
%
Commercial
102,940

 
13

 
102,282

 
12

 
101,221

 
12

Industrial
255

 

 
265

 

 
271

 

Total
823,172

 
100
 %
 
820,266

 
100
%
 
815,869

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Includes both revenues from customers who purchase their energy supplies from the Company and revenues from the delivery of energy to those commercial and industrial customers that purchase their energy from ESSs.
(2)
Includes both energy sold to retail customers and energy deliveries to those commercial and industrial customers that purchase their energy from ESSs.
 



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PGE’s sources of energy, including total system load and retail load requirement, for the years presented are as
follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Sources of energy (MWh in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Generation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thermal:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coal
4,125

 
19
%
 
4,984

 
23
%
 
3,760

 
18
%
Natural gas
2,138

 
10

 
4,460

 
21

 
4,500

 
21

Total thermal
6,263

 
29

 
9,444

 
44

 
8,260

 
39

Hydro
1,933

 
9

 
1,830

 
9

 
1,800

 
8

Wind
1,216

 
6

 
833

 
4

 
499

 
2

Total generation
9,412

 
44

 
12,107

 
57

 
10,559

 
49

Purchased power:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Term
6,252

 
29

 
3,984

 
19

 
6,145

 
29

Hydro
2,897

 
13

 
2,417

 
11

 
2,801

 
13

Wind
269

 
1

 
297

 
1

 
292

 
1

Spot
2,763

 
13

 
2,618

 
12

 
1,641

 
8

Total purchased power
12,181

 
56

 
9,316

 
43

 
10,879

 
51

Total system load
21,593

 
100
%
 
21,423

 
100
%
 
21,438

 
100
%
Less: wholesale sales
(2,142
)
 
 
 
(2,580
)
 
 
 
(2,896
)
 
 
Retail load requirement
19,451

 
 
 
18,843

 
 
 
18,542

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $147 million, or $1.95 per diluted share, compared to $125 million, or $1.66 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2010. The $22 million, or 18%, increase in net income was primarily due to the combined effects of a 3% increase in total retail energy deliveries, a 4% increase in customer prices, and a 9% decrease in average variable power cost. Decreased average variable power cost was driven by the economic displacement of a significant amount of thermal generation with lower cost purchased power and increased energy received from lower cost hydro and wind resources. As a result of decreased NVPC, PGE recorded an estimated refund to customers of $10 million pursuant to the PCAM, as actual NVPC was below baseline NVPC in 2011, with no refund or collection from customers recorded in 2010. Offsetting these increases to net income were higher employee-related costs.

Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $125 million, or $1.66 per diluted share, compared to $95 million, or $1.31 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2009. The $30 million, or 32%, increase in net income was primarily due to the following:

Improved power supply operations, resulting from increases in plant availability along with lower natural gas prices relative to those included in the AUT. Additionally, during 2009 approximately $16 million of incremental replacement power costs were incurred to replace the output of both Colstrip and Boardman during extended maintenance and repair outages;

A $17 million increase in Other accrued revenues related to the regulatory treatment of income taxes (SB 408), which is primarily the result of a $13 million refund to customers recorded in 2009 and a $4 million reduction to that amount recorded in 2010. For 2009, taxes authorized for collection in customer prices exceeded the amount paid by PGE, resulting in a future refund to customers. For the tax year 2010, no amount related to SB 408 was recorded; and

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An $18 million decrease in Purchased power and fuel expense, related to the write-off in 2009 of previously deferred excess replacement power costs associated with Boardman’s forced outage from late 2005 to early 2006.

2011 Compared to 2010

Revenues increased $30 million, or 2%, in 2011 compared to 2010 as a result of the net effect of the items discussed below.

Total retail revenues increased $58 million, or 3%, due primarily to the following items:

A $62 million increase related to the volume of retail energy sold. Residential volumes were up 4%, primarily driven by cooler temperatures in the heating seasons. In addition, commercial and industrial deliveries were up 3% due largely to increased demand from the paper sector;

A $61 million increase related to changes in average retail price that resulted primarily from the 3.9% overall increase effective January 1, 2011 authorized by the OPUC in the Company’s 2011 General Rate Case and an increase effective July 1, 2011 related to the recovery of Boardman over a shortened operating life; partially offset by

An $18 million decrease as a result of the ISFSI tax credits refund recorded in 2011 (offset in Depreciation and amortization), with no comparable refund in 2010;

An $18 million decrease related to the deferral of revenue requirements for Biglow Canyon in 2010, which was included in Other accrued revenues. In 2011, the recovery of Biglow Canyon is included in the average retail price discussed above as a result of the 2011 General Rate Case;

A $10 million decrease related to the decoupling mechanism, which is included in Other accrued revenues. In 2011, a $2 million refund to customers was recorded, which resulted primarily from slightly higher weather adjusted use per customer than that approved in the 2011 General Rate Case. Among other things, the 2011 General Rate Case reset the baseline used for the decoupling mechanism. An $8 million collection from customers was recorded in 2010, resulting from lower weather adjusted use per customer than that approved in the 2009 General Rate Case;

A $10 million decrease related to an estimated refund to customers, pursuant to the PCAM, recorded in 2011 and included in Other accrued revenues, with no amount recorded in 2010. For further discussion of the PCAM, see Purchased power and fuel expense, below;

A $7 million decrease related to the regulatory treatment of income taxes (SB 408) primarily due to an adjustment recorded in 2010 that pertained to the 2009 liability, which was included in Other accrued revenues. SB 408 was repealed in 2011 and no longer applies to tax years after 2009; and

A $5 million decrease due to the 2010 reversal of a deferral for customer refunds pursuant to an OPUC order related to the 2005 Oregon Corporate Tax Kicker, which was included in Other accrued revenues.
 

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Heating degree-days in 2011 were 10% greater than the 15-year average and increased 11% compared to 2010, while cooling degree-days increased 15% from 2010. The following table indicates the number of heating and cooling degree-days for the periods presented, along with 15-year averages provided by the National Weather Service, as measured at Portland International Airport and illustrates that weather effects increased the demand for electricity in 2011 over 2010:
 
Heating
Degree-Days
 
Cooling
   Degree-Days   
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
1st Quarter
1,974

 
1,629

 

 

2nd Quarter
946

 
861

 
16

 
18

3rd Quarter
51

 
117

 
346

 
296

4th Quarter
1,679

 
1,580

 

 

Full Year
4,650

 
4,187

 
362

 
314

15-year Full Year average
4,219

 
4,192

 
464

 
473

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On a weather adjusted basis, retail energy deliveries in 2011 increased 1.4% compared to 2010, with 1% attributable to the paper production sector. Deliveries to residential, commercial, and industrial customers increased by 0.2%, 0.4%, and 5.3%, respectively.

PGE projects that weather adjusted retail energy deliveries for 2012 will increase approximately 0.9% from 2011 weather adjusted levels, after allowing for energy efficiency and conservation efforts. Excluding certain paper production customers, PGE projects that retail energy deliveries for 2012 will increase approximately 1% to 1.5% from 2011 weather adjusted levels. One of these paper customers ceased operation early in 2011 and a second can purchase its incremental energy requirements based on market conditions, which can cause significant load volatility.

Wholesale revenues result from sales of electricity to utilities and power marketers that are made in the Company’s efforts to secure reasonably priced power for its retail customers, manage risk, and administer its current long-term wholesale contracts. Such sales can vary significantly from year to year as a result of economic conditions, power and fuel prices, hydro and wind availability, and customer demand.

Wholesale revenues in 2011 decreased $27 million, or 31%, from 2010 as a result of the following:

A $13 million decrease related to a 17% decline in the average wholesale price the Company received, driven by lower electricity market prices due to abundant hydro in the region; and

A $14 million decrease due to a 17% decline in wholesale energy sales volume.

Purchased power and fuel expense includes the cost of power purchased and fuel used to generate electricity to meet PGE’s retail load requirements, as well as the cost of settled electric and natural gas financial contracts. In 2011, Purchased power and fuel expense decreased $69 million, or 8%, from 2010, with $75 million related to a 9% decrease in average variable power cost, partially offset by $7 million related to a 1% increase in total system load. The average variable power cost was $35.15 per MWh in 2011 compared to $38.68 per MWh in 2010.

The decrease in Purchased power and fuel expense consisted of:

A $71 million decrease in the cost of generation, primarily driven by a decrease in the proportion of power provided by Company-owned thermal generating resources. During 2011, a significant amount of thermal generation was economically displaced by lower cost purchased power and increased energy received from lower cost hydro and wind generating resources, relative to 2010. The average cost of power generated increased 1% in 2011 compared to 2010; and

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A $2 million increase in the cost of purchased power, consisting of $151 million related to a 31% increase in purchases, substantially offset by $149 million related to a 23% decrease in average cost. The decrease in average cost was primarily driven by lower wholesale power prices resulting from favorable hydro conditions.

Energy from PGE-owned wind generating resources (Biglow Canyon) increased 46% from 2010, and represented 6% of the Company’s retail load requirement in 2011 compared to 4% in 2010. These increases were due to the completion of the third and final phase of Biglow Canyon in August 2010 and favorable wind conditions in 2011 relative to 2010. Energy received from wind generating resources fell short of projections included in the Company’s AUT by approximately 13% in 2011 and 27% in 2010.

Hydroelectric energy during 2011, from both PGE-owned hydroelectric projects and from mid-Columbia projects, exceeded that projected in the Company’s 2011 AUT and 2010 by 13% and 14%, respectively. Total hydroelectric energy fell short of projections included in the Company’s AUT by approximately 8% in 2010. Current forecasts indicate that regional hydro conditions in 2012 will be below normal levels.

The following table indicates the forecast of the April-to-September 2012 runoff (issued February 21, 2012) compared to the actual runoffs for 2011 and 2010 (as a percentage of normal, as measured over the 30-year period from 1971 through 2000): 
 
Runoff as a Percent of Normal *
Location
2012
Forecast
 
2011
Actual
 
2010
Actual
Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon
95
%
 
135
%
 
79
%
Mid-Columbia River at Grand Coulee, Washington
99

 
123

 
78

Clackamas River at Estacada, Oregon
92

 
135

 
124

Deschutes River at Moody, Oregon
98

 
120

 
104

*
Volumetric water supply forecasts for the Pacific Northwest region are prepared by the Northwest River Forecast Center in conjunction with the Natural Resources Conservation Service and other cooperating agencies.

For 2011, actual NVPC was approximately $34 million below baseline NVPC, with PGE recording an estimated refund to customers of approximately $10 million pursuant to the PCAM, which was reduced from the potential refund of $17 million as a result of the regulated earnings test. Actual NVPC was approximately $12 million below baseline NVPC in 2010, but within the established deadband ranges; accordingly, no refund to customers was recorded pursuant to the PCAM.

Gross margin, which represents the difference between Revenues and Purchased power and fuel expense, is among those performance indicators utilized by management in the analysis of financial and operating results and is intended to supplement the understanding of PGE’s operating performance. It provides a measure of income available to support other operating activities and expenses of the Company and serves as a useful measure for understanding and analyzing changes in operating performance between reporting periods. It is considered a “non-GAAP financial measure,” as defined in accordance with SEC rules, and is not intended to replace operating income as determined in accordance with GAAP.

As a percent of Revenues, Gross margin was 58% in 2011 compared to 54% in 2010. The increase in Gross margin was driven by the 9% decrease in average variable power cost and increases of 3% in retail energy deliveries and 4% in retail customer prices resulting from the 2011 General Rate Case, which became effective January 1, 2011, and a tariff for the recovery of Boardman over a shortened operating life, which became effective July 1, 2011.

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Production and distribution expense increased $27 million, or 16%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:

A $10 million increase due to increased operating and maintenance expenses at the Company’s thermal generating plants (including extensive work performed during their planned annual outages) and at Biglow Canyon, the final phase of which was completed in August 2010;

A $9 million increase to distribution system expenses primarily related to increased information technology costs and tree trimming activities; and

An $8 million increase related to higher labor and employee benefit costs.

Administrative and other expense increased $32 million, or 17%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:

A $13 million increase primarily due to higher pension and employee benefit expenses, and increased incentive compensation related to an improvement in corporate financial and operating performance for 2011;

A $5 million increase related to higher information technology costs;

A $4 million increase in fees related to various legal and environmental proceedings;

A $3 million increase in the provision and write-off of certain uncollectible customer accounts; and

A $2 million increase related to higher OPUC regulatory fees resulting from higher prices in 2011 (fully offset in Retail revenues).

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $11 million, or 5%, in 2011 compared to 2010, due largely to the net effect of the following:
An $18 million decrease related to the amortization of customer refunds for the ISFSI tax credits (offset in Revenues);
A $12 million decrease related to increases in estimated useful lives and reductions to estimated removal costs of certain long-lived assets due to an updated depreciation study;
A $4 million decrease related to the impairment loss recognized in 2010 on photovoltaic solar power facilities, the majority of which was allocated to noncontrolling interest through the Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests. For additional information, see Note 16, Variable Interest Entities, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”; offset by
A $21 million increase in depreciation related to the completion of Biglow Canyon Phase III in August 2010, Boardman shortened operating life, the Smart Meter project, and other capital additions in late 2010 and in 2011; and
A $2 million increase in amortization related to hydroelectric licenses.


Taxes other than income taxes increased $9 million, or 10%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to higher property taxes, resulting from both increased property values and tax rates, and higher city franchise fees related to increased Retail revenues.


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Other income, net was $6 million in 2011 compared to $17 million in 2010. The decrease is primarily due to the following: 
An $8 million decrease in the allowance for equity funds used during construction, as a result of lower construction work in progress balances during 2011, related primarily to the August 2010 completion of Biglow Canyon Phase III; and
A $5 million decrease in income from non-qualified benefit plan trust assets, resulting from a minimal loss in the fair value of the plan assets in 2011 compared to a $5 million gain in 2010.

Interest expense in 2011 was comparable to 2010, as a $6 million decrease in the allowance for funds used during construction, related primarily to the August 2010 completion of Biglow Canyon Phase III, was offset by lower interest on long-term debt and certain regulatory liabilities.

Income taxes increased $5 million, or 9%, in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to higher income before taxes in 2011, partially offset by increased federal wind production tax credits (PTCs) in that year. The effective tax rates (28.3% and 30.3% for 2011 and 2010, respectively) differ from the federal statutory rate primarily due to benefits from PTCs and state tax credits. An increase in PTCs, related to increased production from the completed Biglow Canyon wind project, was partially offset by an increase in the state income tax rate and a reduction in state tax credits.

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests represents the noncontrolling interests’ portion of the net loss of PGE’s less-than-wholly-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which in 2010 consists of the impairment losses recognized on the photovoltaic solar power facilities, discussed previously in Depreciation and amortization.

2010 Compared to 2009

Revenues decreased $21 million, or 1%, in 2010 compared to 2009 as a result of the net effect of the items discussed below.

Total retail revenues increased $7 million, or 1%, due primarily to net effect of the following:

A $25 million increase related to the volume of retail energy sold resulting from the net effect of:

A shift in the mix of customers purchasing their energy requirements from PGE, with a certain large industrial customer choosing to purchase it energy requirements from PGE as opposed to purchasing its energy requirements from an ESS in 2009;
A 3.3% increase in deliveries to industrial customers due in part to improvement in the high technology sector and an increase in production by one large industrial customer; and
The addition of an average of 4,400 retail customers; partially offset by
A 5.7% decrease in residential deliveries and a 3.7% decrease in commercial deliveries primarily due to milder weather conditions during 2010 and the continued effects of a weak economy; and
The effects of energy efficiency programs on retail energy deliveries during 2010 relative to 2009;

A $17 million increase related to SB 408, included in Other accrued revenues, resulting from an estimated $13 million customer refund recorded in 2009 along with a $4 million reversal of a portion of the 2009 refund recorded in 2010. As a result of the uncertainty around the application of the rules at the time, the Company recorded no collection from customers for 2010;

A $15 million increase related to the decoupling mechanism, which is included in Other accrued revenues. In 2010, an estimated $8 million receivable from customers was recorded, resulting from lower weather adjusted use per customer than that approved in the 2009 General Rate Case, compared to a $7 million refund to customers recorded in 2009, resulting from higher weather adjusted use per customer than that approved in the 2009 General Rate Case;

A $10 million increase resulting from a reduction in the transition adjustment credit provided to those commercial and industrial customers that purchase power from ESSs. Transition adjustment credits reflect

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the difference between the cost and market value of PGE’s power supply, as provided by Oregon’s electricity restructuring law;

A $7 million increase related to the deferral of revenue requirements for Biglow Canyon, which is included in Other accrued revenues;

A $5 million increase due to the reversal of a deferral for customer refunds related to the 2005 Oregon Corporate Tax Kicker, pursuant to an OPUC order issued in the third quarter of 2010, which is included in Other accrued revenues; and

A $72 million decrease related to a 4% decline in average retail price that resulted primarily from a decrease in net variable power costs, partially offset by increases for the recovery of Biglow Canyon Phase II and Selective Water Withdrawal capital projects.

Heating degree-days in 2010 decreased 5% compared to 2009, while cooling degree-days, which were 34% less than the15-year average, decreased 50%. The following table indicates the number of heating and cooling degree-days for the periods presented, along with 15-year averages provided by the National Weather Service, as measured at Portland International Airport:
 
 
Heating
Degree-Days
 
Cooling
  Degree-Days  
 
2010
 
2009
 
2010
 
2009
1st Quarter
1,629

 
2,022

 

 

2nd Quarter
861

 
578

 
18

 
90

3rd Quarter
117

 
63

 
296

 
537

4th Quarter
1,580

 
1,728

 

 

Full Year
4,187

 
4,391

 
314

 
627

15-year Full Year average
4,192

 
4,169

 
473

 
467

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On a weather adjusted basis, retail energy deliveries decreased 1.4% in 2010 compared to 2009, with deliveries to residential and commercial customers decreasing by 2.5%, and 2.2%, respectively, and deliveries to industrial customers increasing by 2.3%.

Wholesale revenues in 2010 decreased $25 million, or 22%, from 2009 as a result of the following:

A $13 million decrease related to a 12% decline in average wholesale prices obtained by the Company, driven by lower electricity market prices; and

A $12 million decrease due to an 11% decline in wholesale energy sales volume.

In 2010, electricity demand from PGE’s retail customers was less than originally projected, with excess power, initially acquired to meet retail load, sold into a relatively low-priced wholesale market. A portion of the excess volume was used to offset lower than projected hydro and wind production, reducing the volume available for resale into the wholesale energy market.

Other operating revenues decreased $3 million, or 9%, primarily due to a reduction in fuel oil sales from the Company’s Beaver generating plant. Such sales were $5 million in 2010 and $8 million in 2009.


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Purchased power and fuel expense decreased $115 million, or 12%, for 2010 from 2009, primarily due to an 11% decrease in average variable power cost, which was largely driven by the shift in the mix of energy sources. The average variable power cost was $38.68 per MWh in 2010 and $43.22 per MWh in 2009. The average variable power cost for 2009 excludes the effect of the write-off of the regulatory asset discussed below.


The decrease in Purchased power and fuel consisted of:
A $96 million decrease in the cost of purchased power, consisting of $84 million related to a 14% decrease in purchases and $12 million related to a 2% decrease in average cost. Increased purchases were required in 2009 to replace the output of Colstrip and Boardman during extended outages at these plants, resulting in incremental replacement power costs of approximately $16 million;
An $18 million decrease related to the write-off in 2009 of a portion of a regulatory asset representing deferred excess replacement power costs associated with Boardman’s forced outage from late 2005 to early 2006; and
A $2 million decrease in the cost of generation, consisting of $52 million related to a 13% decrease in average cost, substantially offset by $50 million related to a 15% increase in generation, resulting primarily from a 33% increase in generation at Colstrip and Boardman. In 2009, both Colstrip and Boardman had extended repair and maintenance outages. The decrease in average cost was primarily due to a 6% decrease in the average cost of natural gas-fired generation, which was driven by decreases in natural gas prices.

Energy received from PGE-owned hydroelectric plants and under contracts from mid-Columbia projects in 2010 were up 2% and down 14%, respectively, from 2009. Additionally, energy received from hydroelectric resources also fell short of projections included in the Company’s AUT by approximately 8% in 2010 and 2009.

Gross margin was 54% in 2010 compared to 48% in 2009, an increase of 13%. Contributing to the increase was the impact of improved thermal operations, which more than offset the effect of lower retail energy sales during the year. Also contributing to the increase was the impact of SB 408 and the write-off of deferred power costs related to Boardman’s outage, which had negative impacts on Gross margin in 2009.

Production and distribution expense decreased $4 million, or 2%, in 2010 compared to 2009, due to the net effect of the following:
A $6 million decrease related to certain capital costs expensed in 2009 for the Selective Water Withdrawal project, pursuant to a stipulation with the OPUC;
A $5 million decrease in repair and restoration expenses, related primarily to 2009 wind storms;
A $5 million decrease in operating and maintenance expenses at the Company’s thermal generating plants;
A $2 million decrease related to a reserve established in 2009 for the cost of certain environmental remediation activities; and offset by
A $7 million increase related to the deferral of certain plant maintenance costs at Boardman, Beaver, and Colstrip in 2009. As authorized by the OPUC in PGE’s 2009 General Rate Case, certain maintenance costs that exceed those covered in current prices are deferred and amortized over ten years, beginning in 2009; and
A $7 million increase in operating and maintenance expenses related to the Company’s distribution system and Biglow Canyon.

Administrative and other expense increased $7 million, or 4%, in 2010 compared to 2009, due to the following:
A $5 million increase in incentive compensation, related to improved corporate financial and operating performance in 2010; 
A $5 million increase in legal expenses and reserves for asserted claims;
A $5 million increase in employee benefit expenses, related primarily to higher pension and health care costs; and offset by

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A $3 million decrease in the provision for uncollectible accounts, due to an improvement in the status of customer accounts;
A $3 million decrease in insurance costs and in customer support expenses, including reductions related to implementation of the smart meter project; and
A $2 million decrease related to OPUC revenue fees (fully offset in Retail revenues).

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $27 million, or 13%, in 2010 compared to 2009, due largely to the net effect of the following:
A $23 million increase in depreciation related to Biglow Canyon Phases II and III, the smart meter project, the Selective Water Withdrawal project, and other capital additions in late 2009 and 2010;
A $4 million increase related to a 2009 reduction in the deferral of certain Oregon tax credits for future ratemaking treatment, as the Company was unable to utilize such credits (offset in Income taxes);
A $2 million increase related to the amortization of certain regulatory assets and liabilities; and offset by
A $1 million decrease related to lower impairment losses recognized in 2010 compared to 2009 on photovoltaic solar power facilities, the majority of which was allocated to noncontrolling interests through the Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests. For additional information, see Note 16, Variable Interest Entities, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Taxes other than income taxes increased $5 million, or 6%, in 2010 compared to 2009, due primarily to higher property and payroll taxes, as well as higher city franchise fees.

Other income, net was $17 million in 2010 compared to $21 million in 2009. The decrease was due primarily to the net effect of the following:
A $5 million decrease in the allowance for equity funds used during construction, as a result of lower construction work in progress balances during 2010, related primarily to the completion of Biglow Canyon Phases II and III;
A $4 million decrease in income from non-qualified benefit plan trust assets, resulting from a $5 million increase in the fair value of the plan assets during 2010 compared to a $9 million increase in 2009; and offset by
A $4 million increase resulting from reductions in corporate donations, sponsorships, and certain non-utility activities, partially offset by lower interest income on regulatory assets.

Interest expense increased $6 million, or 6%, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the net effect of the following:
An $8 million increase resulting from a higher average long-term debt balance during 2010 compared to 2009, related primarily to issuances of first mortgage bonds in late 2009 and 2010 to fund the construction of new generating facilities. In 2010, the average balance of long-term debt outstanding was $1,776 million compared to $1,525 million in 2009;
A $3 million increase resulting from a decrease in the allowance for funds used during construction, related primarily to the completion of the construction of Biglow Canyon Phases II and III; and offset by
A $5 million decrease in interest on regulatory liabilities, consisting primarily of customer refunds related to the Trojan regulatory proceeding and the Company’s PCAM.

Income taxes increased $17 million, or 47%, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to higher income before taxes in 2010. The effective tax rates (30.3% in 2010 and 28.8% in 2009) differ from the federal statutory rate primarily due to benefits from federal wind production tax credits (PTCs) and state tax credits. An increase in PTCs, related to increased production from the completed Biglow Canyon wind farm, was largely offset by an increase in the state income tax rate and a reduction in state tax credits.

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Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of $4 million in 2010 and $6 million in 2009 represents the noncontrolling interests’ portion of the net loss of PGE’s less-than-wholly-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which consists of the impairment losses recognized on the photovoltaic solar power facilities, discussed previously in Depreciation and amortization.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Discussions, forward-looking statements and projections in this section, and similar statements in other parts of the Form 10-K, are subject to PGE’s assumptions regarding the availability and cost of capital. See “Current capital and credit market conditions could adversely affect the Company’s access to capital, cost of capital, and ability to execute its strategic plan as currently scheduled.” in Item 1A.—“Risk Factors.”

Capital Requirements

The following table indicates actual capital expenditures for 2011 and future debt maturities and projected cash requirements for 2012 through 2016 for projects that the Board of Directors has approved (in millions, excluding AFDC):

 
Years Ending December 31,
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
Ongoing capital expenditures
$
259

 
$
266

 
$
249

 
$
231

 
$
251

 
$
330

Hydro licensing and construction
16

 
24

 
12

 
29

 
31

 
15

Boardman emissions controls (1)
17

 
11

 
12

 

 

 

Cascade Crossing
13

 
27

 
4

 

 

 

Total capital expenditures
$
305

(2) 
$
328

 
$
277

 
$
260

 
$
282

 
$
345

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt maturities
$
73

 
$
100

 
$
100

 
$

 
$
70

 
$
67

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Represents 80% of estimated total costs based on installation of controls to meet regulatory requirements. In 1985, PGE sold an undivided 15% interest in Boardman to a third party, reducing the Company’s ownership interest from 80% to 65%. The purchaser has certain rights to participate in the financing of the portion of the total capital cost attributable to its interest. If the purchaser does not exercise its rights to finance the portion of the total cost attributable to its interest, PGE’s share of the total cost for the emissions controls at Boardman is expected to be 80%. PGE would seek to recover the incremental investment in future customer prices, although there can be no guarantee such recovery would be granted.
(2)
Amounts shown include removal costs, which are included in other net operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following provides information regarding the items presented in the table above.

Ongoing capital expenditures—Consists of upgrades to and replacement of transmission, distribution and generation infrastructure, as well as new customer connections. Preliminary engineering costs, which consist of expenditures for preliminary surveys, plans, and investigations made for the purpose of determining the feasibility of utility projects, including certain projects discussed in the Integrated Resource Plan section below, are included in Ongoing capital expenditures and amounted to $3 million in 2011. The Company expects that it will spend approximately $2 million on Preliminary engineering in 2012.

Hydro licensing and construction—PGEs hydroelectric projects are operated pursuant to FERC licenses issued under the Federal Power Act. The licenses for the hydroelectric projects expire as follows: Clackamas River, 2055; Willamette River, 2035; and Deschutes River, 2055. Capital spending requirements reflected in the table above relate primarily to modifications to the Company’s various hydro facilities to enhance fish passage and survival, as required by conditions contained in the operating licenses.


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Boardman emissions controls—In June 2011, the EPA approved revised rules that established new emissions limits at Boardman and provide for coal-fired operation at Boardman to cease no later than December 31, 2020.

The emissions limits imposed under the revised rules have required the addition of certain controls. The Company’s portion of capital spending on the Boardman emissions controls to date is approximately $22 million. The amount of anticipated future expenditures is reflected in the table above.

Integrated resource plan—The Company’s IRP, acknowledged by the OPUC in November 2010, included the following resource, capacity, and transmission projects:

The addition of new generating resources and improvements to existing plants. The related RFP processes will determine the successful bidders for the new capacity, energy, and renewable resources described in the IRP and clarify the timing and total cost; and

The construction of Cascade Crossing at an estimated total cost (in 2011 dollars) of $800 million to $1.0 billion. The Company continues to work with other stakeholders in planning the project and potential project partnerships.

Due to the uncertainty of these projects, the Capital Requirements table above does not include estimates for any amounts related to these projects beyond 2012. Certain costs related to investigating the potential construction of these facilities are currently included in Ongoing capital expenditures in the table above. For further information on the Company’s IRP and the projects subject to the RFP process, see Capital Requirements and Financing in the Overview section of this Item 2, as well as the Future Energy Resource Strategy section of Power Supply and Transmission and Distribution contained in Item 1.—Business.

Liquidity

PGE’s access to short-term debt markets, including revolving credit from banks, helps provide necessary liquidity to support the Company’s current operating activities, including the purchase of power and fuel. Long-term capital requirements are driven largely by capital expenditures for distribution, transmission, and generation facilities to support both new and existing customers, as well as debt refinancing activities. PGE’s liquidity and capital requirements can also be significantly affected by other working capital needs, including margin deposit requirements related to wholesale market activities, which can vary depending upon the Company’s forward positions and the corresponding price curves.

The following summarizes PGE’s cash flows for the periods presented (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
$
4

 
$
31

 
$
10

Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
453

 
391

 
386

Investing activities
(299
)
 
(430
)
 
(700
)
Financing activities
(152
)
 
12

 
335

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
2

 
(27
)
 
21

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
$
6

 
$
4

 
$
31

 
 
 
 
 
 

2011 Compared to 2010

Cash Flows from Operating Activities—Cash flows from operating activities are generally determined by the amount and timing of cash received from customers and payments made to vendors, as well as the nature and amount of non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, included in net income during a given period.

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The $62 million increase in cash provided by operating activities in 2011 compared to 2010 was largely due to an increase in net income after the consideration of non-cash items, as well as a decrease in margin deposit requirements pursuant to certain power and natural gas purchase and sale agreements. Such increases were partially offset by a $44 million decrease in the income tax refunds received in 2011 compared to 2010 and a $16 million contribution to the voluntary employees’ beneficiary association trusts (VEBAs) in 2011. The VEBAs fund the benefits of the Company’s non-contributory postretirement health and life insurance plans.

A significant portion of cash provided by operations consists of recovery in customer prices of non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization. The Company estimates that such charges will approximate $250 million in 2012. Combined with all other sources, cash provided by operations is estimated to be approximately $500 million in 2012. This estimate includes the return of $30 million of margin deposits held by brokers as of December 31, 2011, and is based on both the timing of contract settlements and projected energy prices. The remaining $220 million in estimated cash flows from operations in 2012 is expected from normal operating activities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities—Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures related to new construction and improvements to PGE’s distribution, transmission, and generation facilities. Capital expenditures decreased $150 million in 2011 compared to 2010 due to decreased construction costs related to the completion of Biglow Canyon Phase III in August 2010, as well as a $19 million distribution from the Nuclear decommissioning trust to PGE in 2010.

The Company plans approximately $328 million of capital expenditures in 2012 related to hydro licensing and construction, Boardman emissions controls and ongoing capital expenditures related to upgrades to and replacement of transmission, distribution and generation infrastructure. PGE plans to fund the 2012 capital expenditures with the cash expected to be generated from operations during 2012, as discussed above. For additional information, see the Capital Requirements section of this Item 7.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities—Financing activities provide supplemental cash for both day-to-day operations and capital requirements as needed. During 2011, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of the payment of dividends of $79 million and the repayment of long-term debt of $80 million, including the premium paid, partially offset by net issuances of commercial paper of $11 million. During 2010, net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of proceeds received from the issuance or remarketing of long-term debt of $249 million, net issuances of commercial paper of $19 million and noncontrolling interests’ capital contributions of $10 million, partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt of $186 million and the payment of dividends of $78 million.

2010 Compared to 2009

Cash Flows from Operating Activities—The $5 million increase in cash provided by operating activities in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to an increase in net income after the consideration of noncash items, the receipt of an income tax refund in 2010 that was accrued in 2009, and customer refunds in 2009 related to the Trojan regulatory proceeding. These increases were offset by an increase in margin deposit requirements pursuant to power and natural gas purchase agreements, driven by decreases in the forward market prices of power and natural gas, and a $30 million contribution to the pension plan in 2010.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities—Capital expenditures decreased $246 million in 2010 from 2009 primarily due to decreased construction costs related to Biglow Canyon and the smart meter project, as well as a decrease in construction costs related to the Selective Water Withdrawal project, which was completed in January 2010. Additionally, during 2010, a $19 million distribution was made from the Nuclear decommissioning trust to PGE.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities—During 2010, net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of proceeds received from the issuance or remarketing of long-term debt of $249 million and net issuances of commercial paper of $19 million, partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt of $186 million and the payment of dividends of $78 million. During 2009, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of issuances

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of long-term debt of $580 million and common stock of $170 million, partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt of $142 million, net repayment of amounts due under revolving lines of credit of $131 million, the payment of dividends of $72 million and net maturities of commercial paper of $65 million.

Dividends on Common Stock

The following table indicates common stock dividends declared in 2011:
 
Declaration Date
  
Record Date
  
Payment Date
  
Declared Per
Common Share
February 16, 2011
 
March 25, 2011
 
April 15, 2011
 
$
0.260

May 11, 2011
 
June 24, 2011
 
July 15, 2011
 
0.265

August 3, 2011
 
September 26, 2011
 
October 17, 2011
 
0.265

October 26, 2011
 
December 27, 2011
 
January 17, 2012
 
0.265

While the Company expects to pay comparable quarterly dividends on its common stock in the future, the declaration of any dividends is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The amount of any dividend declaration will depend upon factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant and may include, but are not limited to, PGE’s results of operations and financial condition, future capital expenditures and investments, and applicable regulatory and contractual restrictions.

On February 22, 2012, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.265 per share of common stock to stockholders of record on March 26, 2012, payable on or before April 16, 2012.

Credit Ratings and Debt Covenants

PGE’s secured and unsecured debt is rated investment grade by Moody’s and S&P, with current credit ratings and outlook as follows: 
 
Moody’s
  
S&P
First Mortgage Bonds
A3
  
A-
Senior unsecured debt
Baa2
  
BBB
Commercial paper
Prime-2
  
A-2
Outlook
Stable
  
Stable

Should Moody’s and/or S&P reduce their credit rating on PGE’s unsecured debt to below investment grade, the Company could be subject to requests by certain of its wholesale, commodity and related transmission counterparties to post additional performance assurance collateral in connection with its price risk management activities. The performance assurance collateral can be in the form of cash deposits or letters of credit, depending on the terms of the underlying agreements, and are based on the contract terms and commodity prices and can vary from period to period. Cash deposits provided as collateral are classified as Margin deposits in PGE’s consolidated balance sheet, while any letters of credit issued are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2011, PGE had posted approximately $184 million of collateral with these counterparties, consisting of $80 million in cash and $104 million in letters of credit, $26 million of which is related to master netting agreements. Based on the Company’s energy portfolio, estimates of energy market prices, and the level of collateral outstanding as of December 31, 2011, the approximate amount of additional collateral that could be requested upon a single agency downgrade to below investment grade is approximately $142 million and decreases to approximately $49 million by December 31, 2012. The amount of additional collateral that could be requested upon a dual agency downgrade to below investment grade is approximately $337 million and decreases to approximately $128 million by December 31, 2012.


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PGE’s financing arrangements do not contain ratings triggers that would result in the acceleration of required interest and principal payments in the event of a ratings downgrade. However, the cost of borrowing under the credit facilities would increase.

The issuance of First Mortgage Bonds requires that PGE meet earnings coverage and security provisions set forth in the Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust securing the bonds. PGE estimates that on December 31, 2011, under the most restrictive issuance test in the Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust, the Company could have issued up to approximately $579 million of additional First Mortgage Bonds. Any issuances of First Mortgage Bonds would be subject to market conditions and amounts could be further limited by regulatory authorizations or by covenants and tests contained in other financing agreements. PGE also has the ability to release property from the lien of the Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust under certain circumstances, including bond credits, deposits of cash, or certain sales, exchanges or other dispositions of property.

PGE’s credit facilities contain customary covenants and credit provisions, including a requirement that limits consolidated indebtedness, as defined in the credit agreements, to 65% of total capitalization (debt ratio). As of December 31, 2011, the Company’s debt ratio, as calculated under the credit agreements, was 51.5%.

Debt and Equity Financings

PGE’s ability to secure sufficient long-term capital at a reasonable cost is determined by its financial performance and outlook, capital expenditure requirements, alternatives available to investors, and other factors. The Company’s ability to obtain and renew such financing depends on its credit ratings, as well as on credit markets, both generally and for electric utilities in particular. Management believes that the availability of credit facilities, the expected ability to issue long-term debt and equity securities, and cash expected to be generated from operations provide sufficient liquidity to meet the Company’s anticipated capital and operating requirements. However, the Company’s ability to issue long-term debt and equity could be adversely affected by changes in capital market conditions. PGE currently does not expect to issue debt or equity securities in 2012.

Short-term Debt. PGE has approval from the FERC to issue short-term debt up to a total of $700 million through February 6, 2014 and currently has the following unsecured revolving credit facilities:

A $370 million syndicated credit facility, with $10 million and $360 million scheduled to terminate in July 2012 and July 2013, respectively; and
A $300 million syndicated credit facility, which is scheduled to terminate in December 2016.

These credit facilities supplement operating cash flows and provide a primary source of liquidity. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements, the credit facilities may be used for general corporate purposes, as a backup for commercial paper borrowings, and the issuance of standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 2011, PGE had no borrowings outstanding under the credit facilities, with $30 million of commercial paper outstanding and $124 million of letters of credit issued. As of December 31, 2011, the aggregate unused available credit under the credit facilities was $516 million.

Long-term Debt. In 2011, PGE redeemed $10 million of Pollution Control Revenue Bonds in January and $63 million of 6.5% Series First Mortgage Bonds in December, both of which were scheduled to mature in 2014, with no issuances of long-term debt. As of December 31, 2011, total long-term debt outstanding was $1,735 million.
PGE owns $21 million of its Pollution Control Revenue Bonds, which may be remarketed at a later date, at the Company’s option, through 2033.


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Capital Structure. PGE’s financial objectives include the balancing of debt and equity to maintain a low weighted average cost of capital while retaining sufficient flexibility to meet the Company’s financial obligations. The Company attempts to maintain a common equity ratio (common equity to total consolidated capitalization, including current debt maturities) of approximately 50%. Achievement of this objective while sustaining sufficient cash flow is necessary to maintain acceptable credit ratings and allow access to long-term capital at attractive interest rates. PGE’s common equity ratios were 48.6% and 46.7% as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The following indicates PGE’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2011 (in millions):
 
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
There-
after

 
Total
Long-term debt
$
100

 
$
100

 
$

 
$
70

 
$
67

 
$
1,398

 
$
1,735

Interest on long-term debt (1)
99

 
92

 
89

 
87

 
83

 
1,106

 
1,556

Capital and other purchase commitments
58

 
18

 
10

 
10

 
6

 
73

 
175

Purchased power and fuel:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity purchases
129

 
77

 
76

 
76

 
57

 
381

 
796

Capacity contracts
21

 
21

 
21

 
20

 
19

 

 
102

Public Utility Districts
7

 
8

 
8

 
8

 
7

 
30

 
68

Natural gas
49

 
22

 
22

 
20

 
12

 
11

 
136

Coal and transportation
25

 
19

 
9

 

 

 

 
53

Pension plan contributions (2)

 
25

 
35

 
34

 
32

 
11

 
137

Operating leases
9

 
10

 
9

 
10

 
10

 
196

 
244

Total
$
497

 
$
392

 
$
279

 
$
335

 
$
293

 
$
3,206

 
$
5,002

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Future interest on long-term debt is calculated based on the assumption that all debt remains outstanding until maturity. For debt instruments with variable rates, interest is calculated for all future periods using the rates in effect as of December 31, 2011.
(2)
Contributions to the Company’s pension plan are estimated based on numerous plan assumptions, including plan funded status. A return on plan assets of 8.25% and a discount rate of 5.0% was used for all periods presented.

Other Financial Obligations

PGE has entered into long-term power purchase contracts with certain public utility districts in the state of Washington under which it has acquired a percentage of the output (Allocation) of three hydroelectric projects (the Priest Rapids, Wanapum and Wells hydroelectric projects). The Company is required to pay its proportionate share of the operating and debt service costs of the projects whether or not they are operable. The contracts further provide that, should any other purchaser of output default on payments as a result of bankruptcy or insolvency, PGE would be allocated a pro rata share of both the output and the operating and debt service costs of the defaulting purchaser. For the Wells project, PGE would be allocated up to a cumulative maximum of 25% of the defaulting purchaser’s percentage Allocation. For the Priest Rapids and Wanapum projects, PGE would be allocated up to a cumulative maximum that would not adversely affect the tax exempt status of any outstanding debt.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

PGE has no off-balance sheet arrangements other than outstanding letters of credit from time to time that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on its consolidated financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires that management apply accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the statements. The following accounting policies represent those that management believes are particularly important to the consolidated financial statements and that require the use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments to determine matters that are inherently uncertain.


Regulatory Accounting

As a rate-regulated enterprise, PGE is required to comply with certain regulatory accounting requirements, which include the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenue associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited or refunded to customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory accounting is appropriate as long as prices are established or subject to approval by independent third-party regulators; prices are designed to recover the specific enterprise’s cost of service; and in view of demand for service, it is reasonable to assume that prices set at levels that will recover costs can be charged to and collected from customers. Amortization of regulatory assets and liabilities is reflected in the statement of income over the period in which they are included in customer prices.

If future recovery of regulatory assets ceases to be probable, PGE would be required to write them off. Further, if PGE determines that all or a portion of its utility operations no longer meet the criteria for continued application of regulatory accounting, the Company would be required to write off those regulatory assets and liabilities related to operations that no longer meet requirements for regulatory accounting. Discontinued application of regulatory accounting would have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

Asset Retirement Obligations

PGE recognizes asset retirement obligations (AROs) for legal obligations related to dismantlement and restoration costs associated with the future retirement of tangible long-lived assets. Upon initial recognition of AROs that are measurable, the probability-weighted future cash flows for the associated retirement costs, discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate, are recognized as both a liability and as an increase in the capitalized carrying amount of the related long-lived assets. Due to the long lead time involved, a market-risk premium cannot be determined for inclusion in future cash flows. In estimating the liability, management must utilize significant judgment and assumptions in determining whether a legal obligation exists to remove assets. Other estimates may be related to lease provisions, ownership agreements, licensing issues, cost estimates, inflation, and certain legal requirements. Changes that may arise over time with regard to these assumptions and determinations can change future amounts recorded for AROs.

Capitalized asset retirement costs related to electric utility plant are depreciated over the estimated life of the related asset and included in Depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of income. Accretion of the ARO liability is classified as an operating expense in the consolidated statements of income. Accumulated asset retirement removal costs that do not qualify as AROs have been reclassified from accumulated depreciation to regulatory liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

Retail customers are billed monthly for electricity use based on meter readings taken throughout the month. At the end of each month, PGE estimates the revenue earned from the last meter read date through the last day of the month, which has not yet been billed to customers. Such amount, which is classified as Unbilled revenues in the

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Company’s consolidated balance sheets, is calculated based on each month’s actual net retail system load, the number of days from the last meter read date through the last day of the month, and current customer prices.

Contingencies

PGE has various unresolved legal and regulatory matters about which there is inherent uncertainty, with the ultimate outcome contingent upon several factors. Such contingencies are evaluated using the best information available. A material loss contingency is accrued and disclosed when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If a range of probable loss is established, the minimum amount in the range is accrued, unless some other amount within the range appears to be a better estimate. If the probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, no accrual is recorded, but the loss contingency is disclosed to the effect that it cannot be reasonably estimated. Material loss contingencies are disclosed when it is reasonably possible that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred. Established accruals reflect management’s assessment of inherent risks, credit worthiness, and complexities involved in the process. There can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome of any particular contingency.

Price Risk Management

PGE engages in price risk management activities to manage exposure to commodity and foreign currency market fluctuations and to manage volatility in net power costs for its retail customers. The Company utilizes derivative instruments, which may include forward, swap, and option contracts for electricity, natural gas, oil, and foreign currency. These derivative instruments are recorded at fair value, or “marked-to-market,” in PGE’s consolidated financial statements.

Fair value adjustments consist of reevaluating the fair value of derivative contracts at the end of each reporting period for the remaining term of the contract and recording any change in fair value in either Net income or Other comprehensive income for the period. Fair value is the present value of the difference between the contracted price and the forward market price multiplied by the total quantity of the contract. For option contracts, a theoretical value is calculated using Black-Scholes models that utilize price volatility, price correlation, time to expiration, interest rate and forward commodity price curves. The fair value of these options is the difference between the premium paid or received and the theoretical value at the fair value measurement date.

Determining the fair value of these financial instruments requires the use of prices at which a buyer or seller could currently contract to purchase or sell a commodity at a future date (termed “forward prices”). Forward price “curves” are used to determine the current fair market value of a commodity to be delivered in the future. PGE’s forward price curves are created by utilizing actively quoted market indicators received from electronic and telephone brokers, industry publications, and other sources. Forward price curves can change with market conditions and can be materially affected by unpredictable factors such as weather and the economy. PGE’s forward price curves are validated using broker quotes and market data from a regulated exchange and differences for any single location, delivery date and commodity are less than 5%.

Pension Plan

Primary assumptions used in the actuarial valuation of the plan include the discount rate, the expected return on plan assets, mortality rates, and wage escalation. These assumptions are evaluated by PGE, reviewed annually with the plan actuaries and trust investment consultants, and updated in light of market changes, trends, and future expectations. Significant differences between assumptions and actual experience can have a material impact on the valuation of the pension benefit plan obligation and net periodic pension cost.

PGE’s pension discount rate is determined based on a portfolio of high-quality bonds that match the duration of the plan cash flows. The expected rate of return on plan assets is based on projected long-term return on assets in the plan investment portfolio.


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Changes in actuarial assumptions can also have a material effect on net periodic pension expense. A 0.25% reduction in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets or reduction in the discount rate would, individually, have the effect of increasing the 2011 net periodic pension expense by approximately $1 million.

Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with accounting and reporting requirements, PGE applies fair value measurements to its financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities consist of derivative instruments, certain assets held by the Nuclear decommissioning, Pension plan and Non-qualified benefit plan trusts, and long-term debt. In valuing these items, the Company uses inputs and assumptions that market participants would use to determine their fair value, utilizing valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The determination of fair value can require subjective and complex judgment and the Company’s assessment of the inputs and the significance of a particular input to fair value measurement may affect the valuation of the instruments and their placement within the fair value hierarchy reported in its financial statements.

ITEM 7A.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

PGE is exposed to various forms of market risk, consisting primarily of fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates, as well as credit risk. Any variations in the Company’s market risk or credit risk may affect its future financial position, results of operations or cash flows, as discussed below.

Risk Management Committee

PGE has a Risk Management Committee (RMC) which is responsible for providing oversight of the adequacy and effectiveness of corporate policies, guidelines, and procedures for market and credit risk management related to the Company’s energy portfolio management activities. The RMC consists of officers and Company representatives with responsibility for risk management, finance and accounting, legal, rates and regulatory affairs, power operations, and generation operations. The RMC reviews and approves adoption of policies and procedures, and monitors compliance with policies, procedures, and limits on a regular basis through reports and meetings. The RMC also reviews and recommends risk limits that are subject to approval by PGE’s Board of Directors.

Commodity Price Risk

PGE is exposed to commodity price risk as its primary business is to provide electricity to its retail customers. The Company engages in price risk management activities to manage exposure to volatility in net power costs for its retail customers. The Company uses power purchase contracts to supplement its thermal, hydroelectric, and wind generation and to respond to fluctuations in the demand for electricity and variability in generating plant operations. The Company also enters into contracts for the purchase of fuel for the Company’s natural gas- and coal-fired generating plants. These contracts for the purchase of power and fuel expose the Company to market risk. The Company uses instruments such as forward contracts, which may involve physical delivery of an energy commodity; swap agreements, which may require payments to, or receipt of payments from, counterparties based on the differential between a fixed and variable price for the commodity; and option contracts to mitigate risk that arises from market fluctuations of commodity prices. PGE does not engage in trading activities for non-retail purposes.

For purposes of disclosure, the Company has historically used value at risk measures. However, PGE believes that tabular presentation of expected cash flows related to these market-risk sensitive instruments provides more meaningful information.


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The following table presents energy commodity derivative fair values as a net liability as of December 31, 2011 that are expected to settle in each respective year (in millions):
 
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
Total
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$
64

 
$
42

 
$
21

 
$
8

 
$
135

Natural gas
132

 
72

 
24

 
6

 
234

 
$
196

 
$
114

 
$
45

 
$
14

 
$
369


The following table presents energy commodity derivative fair values as a net liability as of December 31, 2010 that were expected to settle in each respective year (in millions):

 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
Total
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$
73

 
$
25

 
$
11

 
$
5

 
$
114

Natural gas
102

 
92

 
43

 
9

 
246

 
$
175

 
$
117

 
$
54

 
$
14

 
$
360


PGE reports energy commodity derivative fair values as a net asset or liability, which combines purchases and sales expected to settle in the years noted above. As a short utility, energy commodity fair values exposed to commodity price risk are primarily related to purchase contracts, which are slightly offset by sales.

PGE’s energy portfolio activities are subject to regulation, with related costs included in retail prices approved by the OPUC. The timing differences between the recognition of gains and losses on certain derivative instruments and their realization and subsequent recovery in prices are deferred as regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities to reflect the effects of regulation, significantly mitigating commodity price risk for the Company. As contracts are settled, these deferrals reverse and are recognized as Purchased power and fuel in the statements of income and included in the PCAM. PGE remains subject to cash flow risk in the form of collateral requirements based on the value of open positions and regulatory risk if recovery is disallowed by the OPUC. PGE attempts to mitigate both types of risks through prudent energy procurement practices.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

PGE is exposed to foreign currency risk associated with natural gas forward and swap contracts denominated in Canadian dollars in its energy portfolio. Foreign currency risk is the risk of changes in value of pending financial obligations in foreign currencies that could occur prior to the settlement of the obligation due to a change in the value of that foreign currency in relation to the U.S. dollar. PGE monitors its exposure to fluctuations in the Canadian exchange rate with an appropriate hedging strategy.

As of December 31, 2011, a 10% change in the value of the Canadian dollar would result in an immaterial change in income before income taxes for transactions that will settle over the next 12 months.

Interest Rate Risk

To meet short-term cash requirements, PGE has established a program under which it may from time to time issue commercial paper for terms of up to 270 days; such issuances are supported by the Company’s unsecured revolving credit facilities. Although any borrowings under the commercial paper program subject the Company to fluctuations in interest rates, reflecting current market conditions, individual instruments carry a fixed rate during their respective terms. As of December 31, 2011, PGE had no borrowings outstanding under its revolving credit facilities and $30 million of commercial paper outstanding.


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PGE currently has no financial instruments to mitigate risk related to changes in short-term interest rates, including those on commercial paper; however, it may consider such instruments in the future as considered necessary.

As of December 31, 2011, the total fair value and carrying amounts by maturity date of PGE’s long-term debt are as follows (in millions):
 
 
Total
Fair
Value
 
Carrying Amounts by Maturity Date
 
Total
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
There-
after
First Mortgage Bonds
$
1,962

 
$
1,614

 
$
100

 
$
100

 
$

 
$
70

 
$
67

 
$
1,277

Pollution Control Revenue Bonds
129

 
121

 

 

 

 

 

 
121

Total
$
2,091

 
$
1,735

 
$
100

 
$
100

 
$

 
$
70

 
$
67

 
$
1,398

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2011, PGE had no long-term variable rate debt outstanding; accordingly, the Company’s outstanding long-term debt is not subject to interest rate risk exposures.

Credit Risk

PGE is exposed to credit risk in its commodity price risk management activities related to potential nonperformance by counterparties. PGE manages the risk of counterparty default according to its credit policies by performing financial credit reviews, setting limits and monitoring exposures, and requiring collateral (in the form of cash, letters of credit, and guarantees) when needed. The Company also uses standardized enabling agreements and, in certain cases, master netting agreements, which allow for the netting of positive and negative exposures under multiple agreements with counterparties. Despite such mitigation efforts, defaults by counterparties may periodically occur. Based upon periodic review and evaluation, allowances are recorded to reflect credit risk related to wholesale accounts receivable.

The large number and diversified base of residential, commercial, and industrial customers, combined with the Company’s ability to discontinue service, contribute to reduce credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable from retail sales. Estimated provisions for uncollectible accounts receivable related to retail sales are provided for such risk.

As of December 31, 2011, PGE’s credit risk exposure is $1 million for commodity activities with externally-rated investment grade counterparties and matures in 2012. The credit risk is included in accounts receivable and price risk management assets, offset by related accounts payable and price risk management liabilities.

Investment grade includes those counterparties with a minimum credit rating on senior unsecured debt of Baa3 (as assigned by Moody’s) or BBB- (as assigned by S&P), and also those counterparties whose obligations are guaranteed or secured by an investment grade entity. The credit exposure includes activity for electricity and natural gas forward, swap, and option contracts. Posted collateral may be in the form of cash or letters of credit and may represent prepayment or credit exposure assurance.

Omitted from the market risk exposures discussed above are long-term power purchase contracts with certain public utility districts in the state of Washington and with the City of Portland, Oregon. These contracts provide PGE with a percentage share of hydro facility output in exchange for an equivalent percentage share of operating and debt service costs. These contracts expire at varying dates through 2052. For additional information, see “Public Utility Districts” in Note 15, Commitments and Guarantees, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Management believes that circumstances that could result in the nonperformance by these counterparties are remote.


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ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

The following financial statements and report are included in Item 8:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Portland General Electric Company
Portland, Oregon

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Portland General Electric Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


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Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Portland General Electric Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Portland, Oregon
February 23, 2012


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues, net
$
1,813

 
$
1,783

 
$
1,804

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased power and fuel
760

 
829

 
944

Production and distribution
201

 
174

 
178

Administrative and other
218

 
186

 
179

Depreciation and amortization
227

 
238

 
211

Taxes other than income taxes
98

 
89

 
84

Total operating expenses
1,504

 
1,516

 
1,596

Income from operations
309

 
267

 
208

Other income:
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for equity funds used during construction
5

 
13

 
18

Miscellaneous income, net
1

 
4

 
3

Other income, net
6

 
17

 
21

Interest expense
110

 
110

 
104

Income before income taxes
205

 
174

 
125

Income taxes
58

 
53

 
36

Net income
147

 
121

 
89

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

 
(4
)
 
(6
)
Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company
$
147

 
$
125

 
$
95

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
75,333

 
75,275

 
72,790

Diluted
75,350

 
75,291

 
72,852

 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share—basic and diluted
$
1.95

 
$
1.66

 
$
1.31

 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per common share
$
1.055

 
$
1.035

 
$
1.010

 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Net income
$
147

 
$
121

 
$
89

Other comprehensive income (loss)—Change in compensation retirement benefits liability and amortization, net of taxes of $1 in 2011 and 2010
(1
)
 
1

 
(1
)
Comprehensive income
146

 
122

 
88

Less: comprehensive loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests

 
(4
)
 
(6
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Portland General Electric Company
$
146

 
$
126

 
$
94

 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions)
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
6

 
$
4

Accounts receivable, net
144

 
137

Unbilled revenues
101

 
93

Inventories, at average cost:
 
 
 
Materials and supplies
37

 
34

Fuel
34

 
22

Margin deposits
80

 
83

Regulatory assets—current
216

 
221

Other current assets
98

 
67

Total current assets
716

 
661

Electric utility plant:
 
 
 
Production
2,854

 
2,745

Transmission
393

 
372

Distribution
2,704

 
2,582

General
314

 
294

Intangible
331

 
286

Construction work in progress
120

 
125

Total electric utility plant
6,716

 
6,404

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(2,431
)
 
(2,271
)
Electric utility plant, net
4,285

 
4,133

Regulatory assets—noncurrent
594

 
544

Nuclear decommissioning trust
37

 
34

Non-qualified benefit plan trust
36

 
44

Other noncurrent assets
65

 
75

Total assets
$
5,733

 
$
5,491

 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS, continued
(In millions, except share amounts)
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
111

 
$
102

Liabilities from price risk management activities—current
216

 
188

Short-term debt
30

 
19

Current portion of long-term debt
100

 
10

Regulatory liabilities—current
6

 
25

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
151

 
145

Total current liabilities
614

 
489

Long-term debt, net of current portion
1,635

 
1,798

Regulatory liabilities—noncurrent
720

 
657

Deferred income taxes
529

 
445

Liabilities from price risk management activities—noncurrent
172

 
188

Unfunded status of pension and postretirement plans
195

 
140

Non-qualified benefit plan liabilities
101

 
97

Other noncurrent liabilities
101

 
78

Total liabilities
4,067

 
3,892

Commitments and contingencies (see notes)


 

Equity:
 
 
 
Portland General Electric Company shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, no par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

 

Common stock, no par value, 160,000,000 shares authorized; 75,362,956 and 75,316,419 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively
836

 
831

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(6
)
 
(5
)
Retained earnings
833

 
766

Total Portland General Electric Company shareholders’ equity
1,663

 
1,592

Noncontrolling interests’ equity
3

 
7

Total equity
1,666

 
1,599

Total liabilities and equity
$
5,733

 
$
5,491

 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In millions, except share amounts)
 
 
Portland General Electric Company
Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
 
Noncontrolling
Interests’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance as of December 31, 2008
62,575,257

 
$
659

 
$
(5
)
 
$
700

 
 
$

Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $6
12,477,500

 
170

 

 

 
 

Vesting of restricted and performance stock units
128,175

 

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan
29,648

 

 

 

 
 

Noncontrolling interests’ capital contribution

 

 

 

 
 
7

Dividends declared

 

 

 
(76
)
 
 

Net income (loss)

 

 

 
95

 
 
(6
)
Other comprehensive loss

 

 
(1
)
 

 
 

Balance as of December 31, 2009
75,210,580

 
829

 
(6
)
 
719

 
 
1

Vesting of restricted and performance stock units
77,281

 

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan
28,558

 
1

 

 

 
 

Noncontrolling interests’ capital contributions

 

 

 

 
 
10

Stock-based compensation

 
1

 

 

 
 

Dividends declared

 

 

 
(78
)
 
 

Net income (loss)

 

 

 
125

 
 
(4
)
Other comprehensive income

 

 
1

 

 
 

Balance as of December 31, 2010
75,316,419

 
831

 
(5
)
 
766

 
 
7

Vesting of restricted stock units
17,944

 

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan
25,435

 
1

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares pursuant to dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase plan
3,158

 

 

 

 
 

Noncontrolling interests’ capital distributions

 

 

 

 
 
(4
)
Stock-based compensation

 
4

 

 

 
 

Dividends declared

 

 

 
(80
)
 
 

Net income

 

 

 
147

 
 

Other comprehensive loss

 

 
(1
)
 

 
 

Balance as of December 31, 2011
75,362,956

 
$
836

 
$
(6
)
 
$
833

 
 
$
3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
147

 
$
121

 
$
89

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
227

 
238

 
211

Deferred income taxes
56

 
67

 
82

Renewable adjustment clause deferrals
22

 
(12
)
 
(11
)
Regulatory deferral of settled derivative instruments
12

 
26

 
(31
)
Power cost deferrals, net of amortization
10

 
(1
)
 
(18
)
Increase (decrease) in net liabilities from price risk management activities
9

 
118

 
(145
)
Regulatory deferrals—price risk management activities
(6
)
 
(118
)
 
145

Senate Bill 408 amortization
(7
)
 
(13
)
 

Allowance for equity funds used during construction
(5
)
 
(13
)
 
(18
)
Decoupling mechanism deferrals, net of amortization
3

 
(10
)
 
7

Unrealized gains on non-qualified benefit plan trust assets

 
(5
)
 
(8
)
Other non-cash income and expenses, net
38

 
27

 
43

Changes in working capital:
 
 
 
 
 
(Increase) decrease in receivables and unbilled revenues
(15
)
 
24

 
11

Decrease (increase) in margin deposits
3

 
(27
)
 
133

Income tax refund received
9

 
53

 

Increase in income taxes receivable

 
(22
)
 
(53
)
Increase (decrease) in payables and accrued liabilities
5

 
(11
)
 
(16
)
Other working capital items, net
(7
)
 

 
2

Contribution to pension plan
(26
)
 
(30
)
 

Contribution to voluntary employees’ benefit association trust
(16
)
 
(1
)
 

Distribution of Trojan refund liability

 

 
(34
)
Other, net
(6
)
 
(20
)
 
(3
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
453

 
391

 
386

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(300
)
 
(450
)
 
(696
)
Purchases of nuclear decommissioning trust securities
(50
)
 
(46
)
 
(36
)
Sales of nuclear decommissioning trust securities
46

 
50

 
36

Distribution from nuclear decommissioning trust

 
19

 

Other, net
5

 
(3
)
 
(4
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(299
)
 
(430
)
 
(700
)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS, continued
(In millions)
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
$

 
$
249

 
$
580

Payments on long-term debt
(73
)
 
(186
)
 
(142
)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs

 

 
170

Issuances (maturities) of commercial paper, net
11

 
19

 
(65
)
Borrowings on short-term debt

 
11

 

Payments on short-term debt

 
(11
)
 
(7
)
Borrowings on revolving lines of credit

 

 
82

Payments on revolving lines of credit

 

 
(213
)
Dividends paid
(79
)
 
(78
)
 
(72
)
Premium paid on repayment of long-term debt
(7
)
 

 

Debt issuance costs

 
(2
)
 
(5
)
Noncontrolling interests’ capital (distributions) contributions
(4
)
 
10

 
7

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(152
)
 
12

 
335

Change in cash and cash equivalents
2

 
(27
)
 
21

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
4

 
31

 
10

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
$
6

 
$
4

 
$
31

 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized
$
103

 
$
98

 
$
74

Cash paid for income taxes
3

 

 
2

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued capital additions
19

 
12

 
17

Accrued dividends payable
21

 
20

 
20

Preliminary engineering transferred to Construction work in progress from Other noncurrent assets
7

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 1: BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Nature of Operations

Portland General Electric Company (PGE or the Company) is a single, vertically integrated electric utility engaged in the generation, purchase, transmission, distribution, and retail sale of electricity in the state of Oregon. The Company also sells electricity and natural gas in the wholesale market to utilities, brokers, and power marketers. PGE operates as a single segment, with revenues and costs related to its business activities maintained and analyzed on a total electric operations basis. PGE’s corporate headquarters is located in Portland, Oregon and its service area is located entirely within Oregon. PGE’s service area includes 52 incorporated cities, of which Portland and Salem are the largest, within a state-approved service area allocation of approximately 4,000 square miles. As of December 31, 2011, PGE served 822,466 retail customers with a service area population of approximately 1.7 million, comprising approximately 44% of the state’s population.

As of December 31, 2011, PGE had 2,634 employees, with 840 employees covered under two separate agreements with Local Union No. 125 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. Such agreements cover 804 and 36 employees and expire in February 2015 and August 2014, respectively.

PGE is subject to the jurisdiction of the Public Utility Commission of Oregon (OPUC) with respect to retail prices, utility services, accounting policies and practices, issuances of securities, and certain other matters. Retail prices are based on the Company’s cost to serve customers, including an opportunity to earn a reasonable rate of return, as determined by the OPUC. The Company is also subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in matters related to wholesale energy transactions, transmission services, reliability standards, natural gas pipelines, hydroelectric project licensing, accounting policies and practices, short-term debt issuances, and certain other matters.

Consolidation Principles

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PGE and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where PGE has determined it is the primary beneficiary. The Company’s ownership share of direct expenses and costs related to jointly-owned generating plants are also included in its consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

For entities that are determined to meet the definition of a VIE and where the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary, the VIE is consolidated and a noncontrolling interest is recognized for any third party interests. This has resulted in the Company consolidating entities in which it has less than a 50% equity interest. For further information, see Note 16, Variable Interest Entities.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of gain or loss contingencies, as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.


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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Reclassifications

To conform with the 2011 presentation, PGE reclassified $67 million of accrued expenses in the 2010 consolidated balance sheet, consisting of accrued employee compensation and benefits and other, from Accounts payable to Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and segregated Renewable adjustment clause deferrals from Other non-cash income and expenses, net in the operating activities section in the 2010 and 2009 consolidated statements of cash flows.

NOTE 2: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition are classified as cash equivalents, of which PGE had none as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts and do not bear interest when recorded. Late payment fees on balances in arrears are first assessed 16 business days after the due date. An inactive account balance is charged-off in the period in which the receivable is deemed uncollectible, but no sooner than 45 business days after the final due date.

Estimated provisions for uncollectible accounts receivable related to retail sales, charged to Administrative and other expense, are recorded in the same period as the related revenues, with an offsetting credit to the allowance for uncollectible accounts. Such estimates are based on management’s assessment of the probability of collection of customer accounts, aging of accounts receivable, bad debt write-offs, actual customer billings, and other factors.

Provisions related to wholesale accounts receivable and unsettled positions, charged to Purchased power and fuel expense, are based on a periodic review and evaluation that includes counterparty non-performance risk and contractual rights of offset when applicable. Actual amounts written off are charged to the allowance for uncollectible accounts.

Price Risk Management

PGE engages in price risk management activities, utilizing financial instruments such as forward, swap, and option contracts for electricity, natural gas, oil and foreign currency. These instruments are measured at fair value and recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as assets or liabilities from price risk management activities, unless they qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales exception. Changes in fair value are recognized in the statement of income, offset by the effects of regulatory accounting.
 
Certain electricity forward contracts that were entered into in anticipation of serving the Company’s regulated retail load meet the requirements for treatment under the normal purchases and normal sales exception. Other activities consist of certain electricity forwards, options and swaps, certain natural gas forwards, options, and swaps, and forward contracts for acquiring Canadian dollars. Such activities are utilized as economic hedges to protect against variability in expected future cash flows due to associated price risk and to manage exposure to volatility in net power costs for the Company’s retail customers.

In accordance with ratemaking and cost recovery processes authorized by the OPUC, PGE recognizes a regulatory asset or liability to defer unrealized losses or gains, respectively, on derivative instruments until settlement. At the time of settlement, PGE recognizes a realized gain or loss on the derivative instrument. Contracts that qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales exception are not required to be recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses from contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded net in Other comprehensive income and contracts not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded net in Purchased power and fuel expense on the statements of income.

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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued


Physical electricity sale and purchase transactions are recorded in Revenues and Purchased power and fuel expense upon settlement, respectively, while financial transactions are recorded on a net basis in Purchased power and fuel expense upon settlement.

Pursuant to transactions entered into in connection with PGE’s price risk management activities, the Company may be required to provide collateral with certain counterparties. The collateral requirements are based on the contract terms and commodity prices and can vary period to period. Cash deposits provided as collateral are classified as Margin deposits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and were $80 million and $83 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Letters of credit provided as collateral are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and were $104 million and $180 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Inventories

PGE’s inventories, which are recorded at average cost, consist primarily of materials and supplies for use in operations, maintenance and capital activities and fuel for use in generating plants. Fuel inventories include natural gas, oil, and coal. Periodically, the Company assesses the realizability of inventory for purposes of determining that inventory is recorded at the lower of average cost or market.

Electric Utility Plant

Capitalization Policy

Electric utility plant is capitalized at its original cost. Costs include direct labor, materials and supplies, and contractor costs, as well as indirect costs such as engineering, supervision, employee benefits, and an allowance for funds used during construction (AFDC). Plant replacements are capitalized, with minor items charged to expense as incurred. Periodic major maintenance inspections and overhauls at the Company’s generating plants charged to expense as incurred, subject to regulatory accounting as applicable. Costs to purchase or develop software applications for internal use only are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs of obtaining a FERC license for the Company’s hydroelectric projects are capitalized and amortized over the related license period.
 
PGE records AFDC, which is intended to represent the Company’s cost of funds used for construction purposes and is based on the rate granted in the latest general rate case for equity funds and the cost of actual borrowings for debt funds. AFDC is capitalized as part of the cost of plant and credited to the consolidated statements of income. The average rate used by PGE was 8% in 2011 and 2010, and 7% in 2009. AFDC from borrowed funds was $3 million in 2011, $9 million in 2010, and $12 million in 2009 and is reflected as a reduction to Interest expense. AFDC from equity funds was $5 million in 2011, $13 million in 2010, and $18 million in 2009 and is reflected as a component of Other income, net.

Costs which are disallowed for recovery in customer prices are charged to expense at the time such disallowance is probable.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method, based upon original cost, and includes an estimate for cost of removal and expected salvage. Depreciation expense as a percent of the related average depreciable plant in service was 3.7% in 2011, 3.9% in 2010, and 3.8% in 2009. Estimated asset retirement removal costs included in depreciation expense were $49 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 and $47 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.

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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued


Periodic studies are conducted to update depreciation parameters (i.e. retirement dispersion patterns, average service lives, and net salvage rates), including estimates of asset retirement obligations (AROs) and asset retirement removal costs. The studies are conducted every five years and are filed with the OPUC for approval and inclusion in a future rate proceeding. On September 13, 2010, PGE received an order from the OPUC authorizing new depreciation rates to be effective January 2011.

Thermal production plants are depreciated using a life-span methodology which ensures that plant investment is recovered by the estimated retirement dates, which range from 2020 to 2050. Depreciation is provided on the Company’s other classes of plant in service over their estimated average service lives, which are as follows (in years):
Production, excluding thermal:
 
Hydro
86

Wind
27

Transmission
53

Distribution
40

General
14


The original cost of depreciable property units, net of any related salvage value, is charged to accumulated depreciation when property is retired and removed from service. Cost of removal expenditures are charged to AROs for assets that meet the definition of a legal obligation and to accumulated asset retirement removal costs, included in Regulatory liabilities, for assets without AROs.

On June 21, 2011, PGE received an order from the OPUC authorizing an increase in customer prices effective July 1, 2011 for depreciation expense and decommissioning costs related to the Company’s commitment to cease coal-fired operations at Boardman at the end of 2020.

Intangible plant consists primarily of computer software development costs, which are amortized over either five or ten years, and hydro licensing costs, which are amortized over the applicable license term, which range from 30 to 50 years. Accumulated amortization was $153 million and $133 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, with amortization expense of $19 million in 2011, $17 million in 2010, and $16 million in 2009. Future estimated amortization expense as of December 31, 2011 is as follows: $20 million in 2012; $14 million in 2013; $12 million in 2014; $11 million in 2015; and $8 million in 2016.

Marketable Securities

All of PGE’s investments in marketable securities, included in the Non-qualified benefit plan trust and Nuclear decommissioning trust on the consolidated balance sheets, are classified as trading. Trading securities are stated at fair value based on quoted market prices. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Non-qualified benefit plan trust assets are included in Other income, net. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Nuclear decommissioning trust fund assets are recorded as regulatory liabilities or assets, respectively, for future ratemaking. The cost of securities sold is based on the average cost method.

Regulatory Accounting

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

As a rate-regulated enterprise, the Company applies regulatory accounting, resulting in regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities. Regulatory assets represent (i) probable future revenue associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process, or (ii) probable future collections from

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customers resulting from revenue accrued for completed alternative revenue programs, provided certain criteria are met. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenue associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory accounting is appropriate as long as prices are established by or subject to approval by independent third-party regulators; prices are designed to recover the specific enterprise’s cost of service; and in view of demand for service, it is reasonable to assume that prices set at levels that will recover costs can be charged to and collected from customers. Once the regulatory asset or liability is reflected in prices, the respective regulatory asset or liability is amortized to the appropriate line item in the statement of income over the period in which it is included in prices.

Circumstances that could result in the discontinuance of regulatory accounting include (i) increased competition that restricts the Company’s ability to establish prices to recover specific costs, and (ii) a significant change in the manner in which prices are set by regulators from cost-based regulation to another form of regulation. PGE periodically reviews the criteria of regulatory accounting to ensure that its continued application is appropriate. Based on a current evaluation of the various factors and conditions, management believes that recovery of the Company’s regulatory assets is probable.

For additional information concerning the Company’s regulatory assets and liabilities, see Note 6, Regulatory Assets and Liabilities.

Power Cost Adjustment Mechanism

PGE is subject to a power cost adjustment mechanism (PCAM) as approved by the OPUC. Pursuant to the PCAM, the Company can adjust future customer prices to reflect a portion of the difference between each year’s forecasted net variable power costs (NVPC) included in customer prices (baseline NVPC) and actual NVPC. PGE is subject to a portion of the business risk or benefit associated with the difference between actual NVPC and baseline NVPC by application of an asymmetrical “deadband.” If the difference between actual NVPC and baseline NVPC falls within the established deadband range, PGE absorbs the incremental cost or benefit, with the difference falling outside the lower and upper thresholds of the deadband range being shared 90/10 between customers and the Company, respectively. Any customer refund or collection is also subject to a regulated earnings test. A refund will occur only to the extent that it results in PGE’s actual regulated return on equity (ROE) for that year being no less than 1% above the Company’s latest authorized ROE. A collection will occur only to the extent that it results in PGE’s actual regulated ROE for that year being no greater than 1% below the Company’s last authorized ROE. PGE’s authorized ROE was 10% for 2011, 2010, and 2009. A final determination of any customer refund or collection is made by the OPUC through an annual public filing and review.

PGE estimates and records amounts related to the PCAM on a quarterly basis during the year. If the projected difference between baseline and actual NVPC for the year exceeds the established deadband, and if forecasted earnings exceed the level required by the regulated earnings test, a regulatory liability is recorded for any future amount payable to retail customers, with offsetting amounts recorded to Purchased power and fuel expense. If the difference is below the lower end of the deadband, a regulatory asset is recorded for any future amount due from retail customers.

For 2011, the deadband ranged from $15 million below to $30 million above baseline NVPC. PGE’s actual NVPC as determined pursuant to the PCAM for 2011 was below baseline NVPC by $34 million, which is $19 million below the lower deadband threshold. For 2011, PGE recorded an estimated refund to customers of $10 million, reduced from the $17 million potential refund to customers as a result of the regulated earnings test. A final determination regarding the 2011 PCAM results will be made by the OPUC through a public filing and review in 2012.

For 2010, the deadband ranged from $17 million below to $35 million above baseline NVPC. Although PGE’s actual NVPC as determined pursuant to the PCAM for 2010 was below baseline NVPC by $12 million, it was

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within the established deadband range and, accordingly, no customer refund was recorded in 2010. A final determination regarding the 2010 PCAM results was made by the OPUC through a public filing and review in 2011, which concluded that no customer refund was warranted for 2010.

For 2009, the deadband ranged from $15 million below to $29 million above baseline NVPC. Although PGE’s actual NVPC as determined pursuant to the PCAM for 2009 exceeded baseline NVPC by $22 million, it was within the established deadband range and, accordingly, no customer collection was recorded in 2009. A final determination regarding the 2009 PCAM results was made by the OPUC through a public filing and review in 2010, which concluded that no customer collection was warranted for 2009.

Asset Retirement Obligations

An ARO is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. PGE recognizes those legal obligations related to dismantlement and restoration costs associated with the future retirement of tangible long-lived assets. Due to the long lead time involved until decommissioning activities occur, the Company uses present value techniques because quoted market prices and a market-risk premium are not available. The present value of estimated future removal expenditures is capitalized as an ARO on the consolidated balance sheets and revised periodically, with actual expenditures charged to the ARO as incurred.

The estimated capitalized costs of AROs are depreciated over the estimated life of the related asset, which is included in Depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of income.

Contingencies

Contingencies are evaluated using the best information available at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Loss contingencies are accrued and disclosed when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred as of the financial statement date and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If a reasonable estimate of probable loss cannot be determined, a range of loss may be established, in which case the minimum amount in the range is accrued, unless some other amount within the range appears to be a better estimate. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

A loss contingency will also be disclosed when it is reasonably possible that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred. If a probable or reasonably possible loss cannot be reasonably estimated, disclosure of the loss contingency includes a statement to that effect and the reasons.

If an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred after the financial statement date, but prior to the issuance of the financial statements, the loss contingency is disclosed, if material, and the amount of any estimated loss is recorded in the subsequent reporting period.

Gain contingencies are recognized when realized and are disclosed when material.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) is comprised of the difference between the non-qualified benefit plans’ obligations recognized in net income and the unfunded position as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized as electricity is delivered to customers and include amounts for any services provided. The prices charged to customers are subject to federal (FERC), and state (OPUC) regulation. Franchise taxes, which are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities, are recorded on a gross basis in PGE’s consolidated

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statements of income. Amounts collected from customers are included in Revenues, net and amounts due to taxing authorities are included in Taxes other than income taxes and totaled $41 million in 2011, $39 million in 2010, and $38 million in 2009.

Retail revenue is billed monthly based on meter readings taken throughout the month. Unbilled revenue represents the revenue earned from the last meter read date through the last day of the month, which has not been billed as of the last day of the month. Unbilled revenue is calculated based on each month’s actual net retail system load, the number of days from the last meter read date through the last day of the month, and current retail customer prices.

As a rate-regulated utility, there are situations in which PGE accrues revenue to be billed to customers in future periods or defers the recognition of certain revenues to the period in which the related costs are incurred or approved by the OPUC for amortization. For additional information, see “Regulatory Assets and Liabilities” in this Note 2.

Stock-Based Compensation

The measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards, including restricted stock units, is based on the estimated fair value of the awards. The fair value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. PGE attributes the value of stock-based compensation to expense on a straight-line basis.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in current and future periods that includes the enactment date. Any valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets to the “more likely than not” amount expected to be realized in future tax returns.

As a rate-regulated enterprise, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are related to certain property are required to be passed on to customers through future prices and are charged or credited directly to a regulatory asset or regulatory liability. These amounts were recognized as net regulatory assets of $87 million and $95 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and will be included in prices when the temporary differences reverse.

Investment tax credits utilized were deferred and amortized to income over the lives of the related properties, and were fully amortized by the end of 2011.

Unrecognized tax benefits represent management’s expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. Until such positions are no longer considered uncertain, PGE would not recognize the tax benefits resulting from such positions and would report the tax effect as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

PGE records any interest and penalties related to income tax deficiencies in Interest expense and Other income, net, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820) - Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements (ASU 2010-06) requires, among other matters, separate reporting about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements for Level 3 fair value measurements. For additional information on Level 3, see Note 4, Fair Value of Financial Instruments. In accordance with the provisions of ASU 2010-06, PGE adopted this requirement of ASU 2010-06 on January 1, 2011, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations, or consolidated cash flows. All other requirements of ASU 2010-06 were adopted on January 1, 2010 in accordance with ASU 2010-06.

In May 2011, ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820) - Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (ASU 2011-04) was issued. Many of the amendments in ASU 2011-04 change the wording used to describe principles and requirements to align with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and are not intended to change the application of Topic 820. Some of the amendments clarify the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s intent on the application of existing fair value guidance or change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or fair value disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2011-04 are to be applied prospectively and are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011 for public entities, with early application not permitted. PGE will adopt the amendments contained in ASU 2011-04 on January 1, 2012, which are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations, or consolidated cash flows.

In June 2011, ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Presentation of Comprehensive Income (ASU 2011-05) was issued. The amendments of ASU 2011-05 require, among other things, that an entity report items of other comprehensive income in one of two ways: (i) a single statement with components of net income and total net income, the components of other comprehensive income and total other comprehensive income, and a total for comprehensive income; or (ii) two statements with components of net income and total net income in the first statement, immediately followed by a statement that presents the components of other comprehensive income, a total for other comprehensive income, and a total for comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2011-05 are to be applied retrospectively and are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011, with early application permitted. PGE adopted the amendments contained in ASU 2011-05 on December 31, 2011, which had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations, or consolidated cash flows.

In December 2011, ASU 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Presentation of Comprehensive Income (ASU 2011-12) was issued and defers only the changes in ASU 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments, which pertain to how and where reclassification adjustments are presented. ASU 2011-12 is effective at the same time as ASU 2011-05. Accordingly, PGE adopted the amendments contained in ASU 2011-12 on December 31, 2011, which had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations, or consolidated cash flows.

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NOTE 3: BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable is net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts of $6 million and $5 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The following is the activity in the allowance for uncollectible accounts (in millions):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Balance as of beginning of year
$
5

 
$
5

 
$
4

Increase in provision
11

 
7

 
9

Amounts written off, less recoveries
(10
)
 
(7
)
 
(8
)
Balance as of end of year
$
6

 
$
5

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust Accounts

PGE maintains two trust accounts as follows:

Nuclear decommissioning trust—Reflects assets held in trust to cover general decommissioning costs and operation of the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) and represent amounts collected from customers less qualified expenditures plus any realized and unrealized gains and losses on the investments held therein.

Non-qualified benefit plan trust—Reflects assets held in trust to cover the obligations of PGE’s non-qualified benefit plans and represents contributions made by the Company less qualified expenditures plus any realized and unrealized gains and losses on the investment held therein.

The trusts are comprised of the following investments as of December 31 (in millions):
 
 
Nuclear
    Decommissioning Trust    
 
    Non-Qualified Benefit    
Plan Trust
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Cash equivalents
$
14

 
$
13

 
$

 
$

Marketable securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities

 

 
10

 
19

Debt securities
23

 
21

 
3

 
2

Insurance contracts, at cash surrender value

 

 
23

 
23

 
$
37

 
$
34

 
$
36

 
$
44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For information concerning the fair value measurement of those assets recorded at fair value held in the trusts, see Note 4, Fair Value of Financial Instruments.


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Other Current Assets and Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in millions):

 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
Other current assets:
 
 
 
Current deferred income tax asset
$
33

 
$

Assets from price risk management activities
19

 
13

Income taxes receivable
12

 
22

Other
34

 
32

 
$
98

 
$
67

 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accrued employee compensation and benefits
$
44

 
$
36

Accrued interest payable
24

 
26

Dividends payable
21

 
20

Other
62

 
63

 
$
151

 
$
145

 
 
 
 
Other Noncurrent Assets

The Company incurs preliminary engineering costs related to potential future capital projects, which are capitalized in Other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Preliminary engineering costs consist of expenditures for preliminary surveys, plans, and investigations made for the purpose of determining the feasibility of utility projects being considered. Once the project is approved for construction, such costs are reclassified to Electric utility plant. If the project is abandoned, such costs are expensed to Production and distribution expense in the period such determination is made. If any preliminary engineering costs are expensed, the Company may seek recovery of such costs in customer prices, although there can be no guarantee such recovery would be granted. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, PGE has recorded preliminary engineering costs of $10 million and $13 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, no material preliminary engineering costs were expensed.

NOTE 4: FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

PGE determines the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and then classified based on a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. These three broad levels and application to the Company are discussed below.

Level 1—Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
 
Level 2—Pricing inputs include those that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace as of the reporting date.

Level 3—Pricing inputs include significant inputs which are unobservable for the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

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PGE recognizes any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. Changes to market liquidity conditions, the availability of observable inputs, or changes in the economic structure of a security marketplace may require transfer of the securities between levels. There were no significant transfers between levels, except those net transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 presented in this note, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities whose values were recognized at fair value are as follows by level within the fair value hierarchy (in millions): 
 
As of December 31, 2011
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear decommissioning trust (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$

 
$
14

 
$

 
$
14

Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic government
3

 
9

 

 
12

Corporate credit

 
11

 

 
11

Non-qualified benefit plan trust (2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
7

 
2

 

 
9

International
1

 

 

 
1

Debt securities - domestic government
3

 

 

 
3

Assets from price risk management activities (1) (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity

 
2

 

 
2

Natural gas

 
17

 

 
17

 
$
14

 
$
55

 
$

 
$
69

Liabilities - Liabilities from price risk management
activities (1) (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$

 
$
108

 
$
29

 
$
137

Natural gas

 
201

 
50

 
251

 
$

 
$
309

 
$
79

 
$
388

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Activities are subject to regulation, with certain gains and losses deferred pursuant to regulatory accounting and included in regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities as appropriate.
(2)
Excludes insurance policies of $23 million, which are recorded at cash surrender value.
(3)
For further information, see Note 5, Price Risk Management.

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As of December 31, 2010
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear decommissioning trust (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$

 
$
13

 
$

 
$
13

Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic government
3

 
9

 

 
12

Corporate credit

 
9

 

 
9

Non-qualified benefit plan trust (2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
16

 

 

 
16

International
2

 
1

 

 
3

Debt securities - domestic government
2

 

 

 
2

Assets from price risk management activities (1) (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity

 
4

 
1

 
5

Natural gas

 
11

 

 
11

 
$
23

 
$
47

 
$
1

 
$
71

Liabilities - Liabilities from price risk management
activities (1) (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$

 
$
102

 
$
17

 
$
119

Natural gas

 
153

 
104

 
257

 
$

 
$
255

 
$
121

 
$
376

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Activities are subject to regulation, with certain gains and losses deferred pursuant to regulatory accounting and included in regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities as appropriate.
(2)
Excludes insurance policies of $23 million, which are recorded at cash surrender value.
(3)
For further information, see Note 5, Price Risk Management.

Trust assets held in the Nuclear decommissioning and Non-qualified benefit plan trusts are recorded at fair value in PGE’s consolidated balance sheets and allocated to securities that are exposed to interest rate, credit and market volatility risks. These assets are classified within Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the following factors:

Money market funds—PGE invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These funds invest in high-quality, short-term, diversified money market instruments, short-term treasury bills, federal agency securities, certificates of deposits, and commercial paper. Money market funds held in the Nuclear decommissioning trust are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as the securities are traded in active markets of similar securities but are not directly valued using quoted market prices.

Debt securities—PGE invests in highly-liquid United States treasury securities to support the investment objectives of the trusts. These securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy due to the highly observable nature of the pricing in an active market.

Fair values for municipal debt and corporate credit securities are classified as Level 2 as prices are determined by evaluating pricing data such as broker quotes for similar securities and adjusted for observable differences. Significant inputs used in valuation models generally include benchmark yield and issuer spreads. The external credit rating, coupon rate, and maturity of each security are considered in the valuation as applicable.

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Equity securities—Equity mutual fund and common stock securities are primarily classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as pricing inputs are based on unadjusted prices in an active market. Principal markets for equity prices include published exchanges such as NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), both American stock exchanges. Certain mutual fund assets included in commingled trusts or separately managed accounts are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as pricing inputs may not be directly observable in the marketplace.

Assets and liabilities from price risk management activities are recorded at fair value in PGE’s consolidated balance sheets and consist of derivative instruments entered into by the Company to manage its exposure to commodity price risk and foreign exchange rate risk, mitigate the effects of market fluctuations, and manage volatility in net power costs for the Company’s retail customers. For additional information regarding these assets and liabilities, see Note 5, Price Risk Management.

For those assets and liabilities from price risk management activities classified as Level 2, fair value is derived using present value formulas that utilize inputs such as quoted forward prices for commodities and interest rates. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Instruments in this category include over-the-counter forwards and swaps.

Assets and liabilities from price risk management activities classified as Level 3 consist of instruments for which fair value is derived using one or more significant inputs that are not observable for the entire term of the instrument. These instruments consist of longer term over-the-counter forward and swap derivatives. Commodity option contracts whose fair value is derived using standardized valuation techniques, such as Black-Scholes, are also classified as Level 3. Inputs into the valuation of commodity option contracts include forward commodity pricing, forward interest rates, and historic volatilities and correlations.

Changes in the fair value of net liabilities from price risk management activities (net of assets from price risk management activities) classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2011 (in millions):

Net liabilities from price risk management activities as of December 31, 2010
$
120

Net realized and unrealized losses (1)
86

Purchases
3

Settlements
(1
)
Net transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2
(129
)
Net liabilities from price risk management activities as of December 31, 2011
$
79

 
 
Level 3 net unrealized losses that have been fully offset by the effect of regulatory accounting
$
88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Contains nominal amounts of realized losses, net.


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The comparable information contained in the preceding table was as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions): 
 
2010
 
2009
Net liabilities from price risk management activities as of beginning of year
$
154

 
$
123

Net realized and unrealized losses (1)
65

 
47

Purchases, issuances, and settlements, net
27

 

Net transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2
(126
)
 
(16
)
Net liabilities from price risk management activities as of end of year
$
120

 
$
154

 
 
 
 
Level 3 net unrealized losses that have been fully offset by the effect of regulatory accounting
$
95

 
$
49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Contains nominal amounts of realized losses, net.

Transfers into Level 3 occur when significant inputs used to value the Company’s derivative instruments become less observable, such as a delivery location becoming significantly less liquid. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when the significant inputs become more observable, such as the time between the valuation date and the delivery term of a transaction becomes shorter. PGE records transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 at the end of the reporting period for all of its financial instruments.

Long-term debt is recorded at amortized cost in PGE’s consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to PGE for debt of similar remaining maturities. As of December 31, 2011, the estimated aggregate fair value of PGE’s long-term debt was $2,091 million, compared to its $1,735 million carrying amount. As of December 31, 2010, the estimated aggregate fair value of PGE’s long-term debt was $1,968 million, compared to its $1,808 million carrying amount.

For fair value information concerning the Company’s pension plan assets, see Note 10, Employee Benefits.


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NOTE 5: PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT

PGE participates in the wholesale marketplace in order to balance its supply of power, which consists of its own generating resources combined with wholesale market transactions, to meet the needs of its retail customers, manage risk, and administer its existing long-term wholesale contracts. Such activities include fuel and power purchases and sales resulting from economic dispatch decisions for its own generation. As a result of this ongoing business activity, PGE is exposed to commodity price risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk, where adverse changes in prices and/or rates may affect the Company’s financial position, performance, or cash flow.

PGE utilizes derivative instruments in its wholesale electric utility activities to manage its exposure to commodity price risk and foreign exchange rate risk in order to manage volatility in net power costs for its retail customers. These derivative instruments may include forward, swap, and option contracts for electricity, natural gas, oil and foreign currency, which are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet, with changes in fair value recorded in the statement of income. In accordance with ratemaking and cost recovery processes authorized by the OPUC, PGE recognizes a regulatory asset or liability to defer the gains and losses from derivative activity until realized. This accounting treatment defers the fair value gains and losses on derivative activities until settlement of the associated derivative instrument. PGE may designate certain derivative instruments as cash flow hedges or may use derivative instruments as economic hedges. PGE does not engage in trading activities for non-retail purposes.

PGE has elected to report gross on the balance sheet the positive and negative exposures resulting from derivative instruments entered into with counterparties where a master netting arrangement exists. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had $26 million and $31 million, respectively, in collateral posted with these counterparties, consisting entirely of letters of credit.

PGE’s net volumes related to its Assets and Liabilities from price risk management activities resulting from its derivative transactions, which are expected to deliver or settle at various dates through 2015, were as follows (in millions): 
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
13

 
MWh
 
9

 
MWh
Natural gas
79

 
Decatherms
 
93

 
Decatherms
Foreign currency exchange
$
6

 
Canadian
 
$
7

 
Canadian


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The fair values of PGE’s Assets and Liabilities from price risk management activities consist of the following (in millions): 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2011
 
2010
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$
2

 
$
4

 
Natural gas
17

 
9

 
Total current derivative assets
19

(1) 
13

(1) 
Noncurrent assets:
 
 
 
 
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
Electricity

 
1

 
Natural gas

 
2

 
Total noncurrent derivative assets

 
3

(2) 
Total derivative assets not designated as hedging instruments
$
19

 
$
16

 
Total derivative assets
$
19

 
$
16

 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$
66

 
$
77

 
Natural gas
150

 
111

 
Total current derivative liabilities
216

 
188

 
Noncurrent liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
Electricity
71

 
42

 
Natural gas
101

 
146

 
Total noncurrent derivative liabilities
172

 
188

 
Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging instruments
$
388

 
$
376

 
Total derivative liabilities
$
388

 
$
376

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Included in Other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
(2)
Included in Other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
 
Net realized and unrealized losses on derivative transactions not designated as hedging instruments are classified in Purchased power and fuel in the consolidated statements of income and were as follows (in millions):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$
117

 
$
127

 
$
79

Natural Gas
98

 
192

 
101

Net unrealized losses and certain net realized losses presented in the table above are offset within the statement of income by the effects of regulatory accounting. Of the net loss recognized in net income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, $192 million, $258 million, and $98 million, respectively, have been offset.

Assuming no changes in market prices and interest rates, the following table indicates the year in which the net

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unrealized loss recorded as of December 31, 2011 related to PGE’s derivative activities would be realized as a result of the settlement of the underlying derivative instrument (in millions):
 
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
Total
Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity
$
64

 
$
42

 
$
21

 
$
8

 
$
135

Natural gas
132

 
72

 
24

 
6

 
234

Net unrealized loss
$
196

 
$
114

 
$
45

 
$
14

 
$
369

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company’s secured and unsecured debt is currently rated at investment grade by Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) and Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services (S&P). Should Moody’s and/or S&P reduce their rating on the Company’s unsecured debt to below investment grade, PGE could be subject to requests by certain wholesale counterparties to post additional performance assurance collateral, in the form of cash or letters of credit, based on total portfolio positions with each of those counterparties and some other counterparties will have the right to terminate their agreements with the Company.

The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position as of December 31, 2011 was $321 million, for which the Company had $104 million in posted collateral, consisting entirely of letters of credit. If the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered at December 31, 2011, the cash requirement to either post as collateral or settle the instruments immediately would have been $302 million.

Counterparties representing 10% or more of Assets and Liabilities from price risk management activities were as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
Assets from price risk management activities:
 
 
 
Counterparty A
19
%
 
1
%
Counterparty B
16

 
1

Counterparty C
13

 
5

Counterparty D
7

 
22

Counterparty E
7

 
23

Counterparty F

 
11

Counterparty G

 
10

 
62
%
 
73
%
Liabilities from price risk management activities:
 
 
 
Counterparty E
23
%
 
24
%
Counterparty H
10

 
4

Counterparty I
7

 
12

 
40
%
 
40
%
For additional information concerning the determination of fair value for the Company’s Assets and Liabilities from price risk management activities, see Note 4, Fair Value of Financial Instruments.


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NOTE 6: REGULATORY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The majority of PGE’s regulatory assets and liabilities are reflected in customer prices and are amortized over the period in which they are reflected in customer prices. Items not currently reflected in prices are pending before the regulatory body as discussed below.

Regulatory assets and liabilities consist of the following (dollars in millions):
 
 
Weighted Average Remaining
Life (1)
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
Current
 
Noncurrent
 
Current
 
Noncurrent
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Price risk management (2)
2 years
 
$
194

 
$
172

 
$
175

 
$
185

 
Pension and other postretirement plans (2)
(3) 
 

 
295

 

 
213

 
Deferred income taxes (2)
(4) 
 

 
87

 

 
95

 
Deferred broker settlements (2)
1 year
 
11

 

 
24

 

 
Renewable energy deferral
1 year
 
1

 

 
22

 

 
Debt reacquisition costs (2)
7 years
 

 
28

 

 
23

 
Other (5)
Various
 
10

 
12

 

 
28

 
Total regulatory assets
 
 
$
216

 
$
594

 
$
221

 
$
544

Regulatory liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset retirement removal costs (6)
(4) 
 
$

 
$
637

 
$

 
$
588

 
Asset retirement obligations (6)
(4) 
 

 
36

 

 
33

 
Power cost adjustment mechanism
(7) 
 

 
10

 

 

 
Trojan ISFSI pollution control tax credits
(7) 
 

 
7

 
18

 
4

 
Other
Various
 
6

 
30

 
7

 
32

 
Total regulatory liabilities
 
 
$
6

 
$
720

 
$
25

 
$
657

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
As of December 31, 2011.
(2)
Does not include a return on investment.
(3)
Recovery expected over the average service life of employees. For additional information, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
(4)
Recovery expected over the estimated lives of the assets.
(5)
Of the total other unamortized regulatory asset balances, a return is recorded on $21 million and $26 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(6)
Included in rate base for ratemaking purposes.
(7)
Refund period not yet determined.

As of December 31, 2011, PGE had regulatory assets of $22 million earning a return on investment at the following rates: (i) $7 million at PGE’s authorized cost of capital, currently 8.033%; (ii) $7 million at the approved rate for deferred accounts under amortization, ranging from 2.01% to 4.27%, depending on the year of approval; and (iii) $8 million earning a return by inclusion in rate base.

Price risk management represents the difference between the net unrealized losses recognized on derivative instruments related to price risk management activities and their realization and subsequent recovery in customer prices. During the fourth quarter of 2011, PGE received an order from the OPUC on its Annual Update Tariff for 2012 net variable power costs (NVPC). Pursuant to the order, the OPUC reduced the Company’s 2012 NVPC forecast by approximately $3 million, which is reflected as a reduction to the regulatory asset for price risk

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management as of December 31, 2011. For further information regarding assets and liabilities from price risk management activities, see Note 5, Price Risk Management.

Pension and other postretirement plans represents unrecognized components of the benefit plans’ funded status, which are recoverable in customer prices when recognized in net periodic benefit cost. For further information, see Note 10, Employee Benefits.
 
Deferred income taxes represents income tax benefits resulting from property-related timing differences that previously flowed to customers and will be included in customer prices when the temporary differences reverse. For further information, see Note 11, Income Taxes.

Deferred broker settlements consist of transactions that have been financially settled by clearing brokers prior to the contract delivery date. These gains and losses are deferred for future recovery in customer prices during the corresponding contract settlement month.

Renewable energy deferral reflects the net revenue requirement related to new renewable resources and associated transmission that are not yet included in customer prices, with the majority related to Biglow Canyon Wind Farm. Recovery of net revenue requirements associated with new renewable resources, which are required by the 2007 Oregon Renewable Energy Act, is allowed under a renewable adjustment clause mechanism authorized by the OPUC.

Asset retirement removal costs represent the costs that do not qualify as AROs and are a component of depreciation expense allowed in customer prices. Such costs are recorded as a regulatory liability as they are collected in prices, and are reduced by actual removal costs incurred.

Asset retirement obligations represent the difference in the timing of recognition of (i) the amounts recognized for depreciation expense of the asset retirement costs and accretion of the ARO, and (ii) the amount recovered in customer prices.

NOTE 7: ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

AROs, which are included in Other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, consist of the following (in millions):
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
Trojan decommissioning activities
$
37

 
$
38

Utility plant
38

 
16

Non-utility property
12

 
10

Asset retirement obligations
$
87

 
$
64

 
 
 
 
Trojan decommissioning activities represents the present value of future decommissioning expenditures for the plant, which ceased operation in 1993. The remaining decommissioning activities primarily consist of the long-term operation and decommissioning of the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI), an interim dry storage facility that is licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The ISFSI is to house the spent nuclear fuel at the former plant site until permanent off-site storage is available. Decommissioning of the ISFSI and final site restoration activities will begin once shipment of all the spent fuel to a U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) facility is complete, which is not expected prior to 2033.

In 2004, the co-owners of Trojan (PGE, Eugene Water & Electric Board, and PacifiCorp, collectively referred to as Plaintiffs) filed a complaint against the USDOE for failure to accept spent nuclear fuel by January 31, 1998. PGE

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had contracted with the USDOE for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel in order to allow the final decommissioning of Trojan. The Plaintiffs paid for permanent disposal services during the period of plant operation and have met all other conditions precedent. The Plaintiffs are seeking approximately $128 million in damages. PGE’s share of any recovery would be approximately 67%. A trial before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims commenced in the fourth quarter of 2011, with a decision expected during 2012. However, if the Plaintiffs were to prevail, the USDOE would likely appeal, which would defer any damage payment indefinitely. The Trojan ARO will not be impacted by the outcome of this case as such potential recovery is for past decommissioning costs and the ARO reflects only future decommissioning expenditures. Any proceeds received related to this legal matter would be returned to customers to offset amounts previously collected in relation to Trojan decommissioning activities.

Utility plant represents AROs that have been recognized for the Company’s thermal and wind generation sites, distribution and transmission assets where disposal is governed by environmental regulation, as well as the Bull Run hydro project. Decommissioning work has been substantially completed at Bull Run, with only environmental monitoring continuing through 2012.

During 2011, an updated decommissioning study for PGE’s Boardman coal-fired plant was completed, which included the assumption that Boardman’s coal-fired operations cease in 2020 rather than 2040. As a result of the study, PGE increased its ARO related to Boardman by approximately $20 million, with a corresponding increase in the cost basis of the plant, included in Electric utility plant, net on the consolidated balance sheet. Such transaction is non-cash and is excluded from investing activities in the consolidated statement cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Non-utility property primarily represents ARO’s which have been recognized for portions of unregulated properties leased to third parties.

The following is a summary of the changes in the Company’s AROs (in millions):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Balance as of beginning of year
$
64

 
$
63

 
$
58

Liabilities incurred
1

 
1

 

Liabilities settled
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
(4
)
Accretion expense
4

 
4

 
4

Revisions in estimated cash flows
22

 
(1
)
 
5

Balance as of end of year
$
87

 
$
64

 
$
63

 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to regulation, the amortization of utility plant AROs is included in depreciation expense and in customer prices. Any differences in the timing of recognition of costs for financial reporting and ratemaking purposes are deferred as a regulatory asset or regulatory liability. Recovery of Trojan decommissioning costs is included in PGE’s retail prices, currently at approximately $4 million annually, with an equal amount recorded in Depreciation and amortization expense.

PGE maintains a separate trust account, Nuclear decommissioning trust in the consolidated balance sheet, for funds collected from customers through prices to cover the cost of Trojan decommissioning activities. See “Trust Accounts” in Note 3, Balance Sheet Components, for additional information on the Nuclear decommissioning trust.

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The Oak Grove hydro facility and transmission and distribution plant located on public right-of-ways and on certain easements meet the requirements of a legal obligation and will require removal when the plant is no longer in service. An ARO liability is not currently measurable as management believes that these assets will be used in utility operations for the foreseeable future. Removal costs are charged to accumulated asset retirement removal costs, which is included in Regulatory liabilities on PGE’s consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 8: REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES

PGE has two unsecured revolving credit facilities, with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $670 million, as follows:
 
A $370 million syndicated credit facility, of which $10 million is scheduled to terminate in July 2012 and $360 million in July 2013;
A $300 million syndicated credit facility, which is scheduled to terminate in December 2016.

Pursuant to the terms of the agreements, both credit facilities may be used for general corporate purposes and as backup for commercial paper borrowings, and also permit the issuance of standby letters of credit. PGE may borrow for one, two, three, or six months at a fixed interest rate established at the time of the borrowing, or at a variable interest rate for any period up to the then remaining term of the applicable credit facility. Both credit facilities require annual fees based on PGE’s unsecured credit ratings, and contain customary covenants and default provisions, including a requirement that limits consolidated indebtedness, as defined in the agreement, to 65.0% of total capitalization. As of December 31, 2011, PGE was in compliance with this covenant with a 51.5% debt ratio.

The Company has a commercial paper program under which it may issue commercial paper for terms of up to 270 days, limited to the unused amount of credit under the credit facilities.

Pursuant to an order issued by the FERC, the Company is authorized to issue short-term debt up to $700 million through February 6, 2014. The authorization provides that if utility assets financed by unsecured debt are divested, then a proportionate share of the unsecured debt must also be divested.

As of December 31, 2011, PGE had no borrowings and $30 million in commercial paper outstanding under the credit facilities, with $124 million in letters of credit issued. As of December 31, 2011, the aggregate unused available credit under the credit facilities is $516 million.

Short-term borrowings under these credit facilities and related interest rates were as follows (dollars in millions):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
  
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Average daily amount of short-term debt outstanding
$
2

 
$
9

 
$
28

Weighted daily average interest rate *
0.4
%
 
0.4
%
 
1.3
%
Maximum amount outstanding during the year
$
44

 
$
51

 
$
205

 
 
 
 
 
*
Excludes the effect of commitment fees, facility fees and other financing fees.


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NOTE 9: LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):
 
As of December 31,
  
2011
 
2010
First Mortgage Bonds, rates range from 3.46% to 9.31%, with a weighted average rate of 5.83% in 2011 and 5.85% in 2010, due at various dates through 2040
$
1,615

 
$
1,678

Pollution Control Revenue Bonds:
 
 
 
Port of Morrow, Oregon, 5% rate, due 2033
23

 
23

City of Forsyth, Montana, 5% rate, due 2033
119

 
119

Port of St. Helens, Oregon, 5.25% rate, due in 2014

 
10

Total Pollution Control Revenue Bonds
142

 
152

Pollution Control Revenue Bonds owned by PGE
(21
)
 
(21
)
Unamortized debt discount
(1
)
 
(1
)
Total long-term debt
1,735

 
1,808

Less: current portion of long-term debt
(100
)
 
(10
)
Long-term debt, net of current portion
$
1,635

 
$
1,798

 
 
 
 
First Mortgage Bonds—The Indenture securing PGE’s First Mortgage Bonds constitutes a direct first mortgage lien on substantially all regulated utility property, other than expressly excepted property. On December 29, 2011, PGE redeemed $63 million of the 6.5% series due 2014.

Pollution Control Revenue Bonds—PGE has the option to remarket Pollution Control Revenue Bonds held by the Company through 2033. At the time of any remarketing, PGE can choose a new interest rate period that could be daily, weekly, or a fixed term. The new interest rate would be based on market conditions at the time of remarketing and could be backed by first mortgage bonds or a bank letter of credit depending on market conditions.

As of December 31, 2011, the future minimum principal payments on long-term debt are as follows (in millions):

Years ending December 31:
 
 
2012
 
$
100

2013
 
100

2014
 

2015
 
70

2016
 
67

Thereafter
 
1,398

 
 
$
1,735

 
 
 
Interest is payable semi-annually on all long-term debt instruments.


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NOTE 10: EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Pension and Other Postretirement Plans

Defined Benefit Pension Plan—PGE sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan. The plan has been closed to most new employees since January 31, 2009 and to all new employees since January 1, 2012. Such closure did not change the benefits provided to existing participants under the plan.

The assets of the pension plan are held in a trust and are comprised of equity, debt, and alternative asset investment vehicles, all of which are recorded at fair value. Pension plan calculations include several assumptions which are reviewed annually and are updated as appropriate, with the measurement date of December 31.

During 2011 and 2010, PGE made contributions to the pension plan of $26 million and $30 million, respectively, with no contributions in 2009. No contributions to the pension plan are expected in 2012.

Other Postretirement Benefits—PGE has non-contributory postretirement health and life insurance plans, as well as Health Reimbursement Accounts (HRAs) for its employees (collectively “Other Postretirement Benefits” in the following tables). Employees are covered under a Defined Dollar Medical Benefit Plan which limits PGE’s obligation pursuant to the postretirement health plan by establishing a maximum benefit per employee with employees paying the additional cost.

The assets of these plans are held in voluntary employees’ beneficiary association trusts and are comprised of money market funds, common stocks, common and collective trust funds, partnerships/joint ventures, and registered investment companies, all of which are recorded at fair value. Postretirement health and life insurance benefit plan calculations include several assumptions which are reviewed annually with PGE’s consulting actuaries and trust investment consultants and updated as appropriate, with measurement dates of December 31.

Contributions to the HRAs provide for claims by retirees for qualified medical costs. For bargaining employees, the participants’ accounts are credited with 58% of the value of the employee’s accumulated sick time as of April 30, 2004, plus 100% of their earned time off accumulated at the time of retirement. For active non-bargaining employees, the Company grants a fixed dollar amount that will become available for qualified medical expenses upon their retirement.

Non-Qualified Benefit Plans—The Non-Qualified Benefit Plans (NQBP) in the following tables include obligations for a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP), and a directors pension plan, both of which were closed to new participants in 1997. The NQBP also include pension make-up benefits for employees that participate in the unfunded Management Deferred Compensation Plan (MDCP). Investments in a non-qualified benefit plan trust, consisting of trust-owned life insurance policies and marketable securities, provide funding for the future requirements of these plans. These trust assets are included in the accompanying tables for informational purposes only and are not considered segregated and restricted under current accounting standards. The investments in marketable securities, consisting of money market, bond, and equity mutual funds, are classified as trading and recorded at fair value. The measurement date for the non-qualified benefit plans is December 31.

Other NQBP—In addition to the non-qualified benefit plans discussed above, PGE provides certain employees and outside directors with deferred compensation plans, whereby participants may defer a portion of their earned compensation. These unfunded plans include the MDCP and the Outside Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan. The Company also provides two retired employees with death benefits through a split dollar life insurance policy which pays a fixed amount to the beneficiary and for which the Company has a security interest for the amount of premiums paid. PGE holds investments in a non-qualified benefit plan trust which are intended to be a funding source for these plans.

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Trust assets and plan liabilities related to the NQBP included in PGE’s consolidated balance sheets are as follows as of December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2011
 
2010
  
NQBP
 
Other NQBP
 
Total
 
NQBP
 
Other NQBP
 
Total
Non-qualified benefit plan trust
$
17

 
$
19

 
$
36

 
$
19

 
$
25

 
$
44

Non-qualified benefit plan liabilities *
25

 
76

 
101

 
24

 
73

 
97

 
 
 
 
 
*
For the NQBP, excludes the current portion of $2 million in 2011 and 2010, which is classified in Other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

See “Trust Accounts” in Note 3, Balance Sheet Components, for information on the Non-qualified benefit plan trust.

Investment Policy and Asset Allocation—The Board of Directors of PGE appoints an Investment Committee, which is comprised of officers of the Company. In addition, the Board also establishes the Company’s asset allocation. The Investment Committee is then responsible for implementation and oversight of the asset allocation. The Company’s investment policy for its pension and other postretirement plans is to balance risk and return through a diversified portfolio of equity securities, fixed income securities and other alternative investments. The commitments to each class are controlled by an asset deployment and cash management strategy that takes profits from asset classes whose allocations have shifted above their target ranges to fund benefit payments and investments in asset classes whose allocations have shifted below their target ranges.
 
The asset allocations for the plans, and the target allocation, are as follows:
 
 
As of December 31,
  
2011
 
2010
 
Actual
 
Target *
 
Actual
 
Target *
Defined Benefit Pension Plan:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
68
%
 
67
%
 
68
%
 
67
%
Debt securities
32

 
33

 
32

 
33

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
61
%
 
72
%
 
46
%
 
47
%
Debt securities
39

 
28

 
54

 
53

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Non-Qualified Benefits Plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
30
%
 
23
%
 
42
%
 
42
%
Debt securities
7

 
14

 
5

 
7

Insurance contracts
63

 
63

 
53

 
51

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
The Target for the Defined Benefit Plan represents the mid-point of the investment target range. Due to the nature of the investment vehicles in both the Other Postretirement Benefit Plans and the Non-Qualified Benefit Plans, these Targets are the weighted average of the mid-point of the respective investment target ranges approved by the Investment Committee. Due to the method used to calculate the weighted average Targets for the Other Postretirement Benefit Plans and Non-Qualified Benefit Plans, reported percentages are affected by the fair market values of the investments within the pools.


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The Company’s overall investment strategy is to meet the goals and objectives of the individual plans through a wide diversification of asset types, fund strategies, and fund managers. Equity securities primarily include investments across the capitalization ranges and style biases, both domestically and internationally. Fixed income securities include, but are not limited to, corporate bonds of companies from diversified industries, mortgage-backed securities, and U.S. Treasuries. Other types of investments include investments in hedge funds and private equity funds that follow several different strategies.
 
The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets and other postretirement benefit plan assets by asset category are as follows (in millions):  
 
As of December 31, 2011
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Defined Benefit Pension Plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$

 
$
3

 
$

 
$
3

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
151

 
12

 

 
163

International
54

 
51

 

 
105

Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic government and corporate credit

 
78

 

 
78

Corporate credit
76

 

 

 
76

Private equity funds

 

 
32

 
32

Alternative investments

 

 
30

 
30

 
$
281

 
$
144

 
$
62

 
$
487

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
7

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
12

 
1

 

 
13

International
2

 
2

 

 
4

Debt securities—Domestic government
3

 

 

 
3

 
$
17

 
$
10

 
$

 
$
27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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As of December 31, 2010
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Defined Benefit Pension Plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$

 
$
15

 
$

 
$
15

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
52

 
111

 

 
163

International
53

 
53

 

 
106

Debt securities—Domestic government and corporate credit
68

 
70

 

 
138

Private equity funds

 

 
23

 
23

Alternative investments

 

 
28

 
28

 
$
173

 
$
249

 
$
51

 
$
473

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
7

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
3

 
2

 

 
5

International
1

 
1

 

 
2

Debt securities—Domestic government
2

 

 

 
2

 
$
6

 
$
10

 
$

 
$
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An overview of the identification of Level 1, 2, and 3 financial instruments is provided in Note 4, Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The following methods are used in valuation of each asset class of investments held in the pension and other postretirement benefit plan trusts.
 
Money market funds—PGE invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These funds invest in high-quality, short-term, diversified money market instruments, short term treasury bills, federal agency securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper. Money market funds held in the trusts are classified as Level 2 instruments as they are traded in an active market of similar securities but are not directly valued using quoted prices.
 
Equity securities—Equity mutual fund and common stock securities are primarily classified as Level 1 securities based on unadjusted prices in an active market. Principal markets for equity prices include published exchanges such as NASDAQ and NYSE. Certain mutual fund assets included in commingled trusts or separately managed accounts are classified as Level 2 securities due to pricing inputs that are not directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
 
Debt securities—PGE invests in highly-liquid United States treasury and corporate credit mutual fund securities to support the investment objectives of the trusts. These securities are classified as Level 1 instruments due to the highly observable nature of pricing in an active market.
 
Fair values for Level 2 debt securities, including municipal debt and corporate credit securities, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are determined by evaluating pricing data, such as broker quotes, for similar securities adjusted for observable differences. Significant inputs used in valuation models generally include benchmark yield and issuer spreads. The external credit rating, coupon rate, and maturity of each security are considered in the valuation if applicable.
 
Private equity—PGE invests in a combination of primary and secondary fund-of-funds which hold ownership positions in privately held companies across the major domestic and international private equity sectors, including but not limited to, venture capital, buyout and special situations. Private equity investments are classified as Level 3 securities due to fund valuation methodologies that utilize discounted cash flow, market comparable and limited secondary market pricing to develop estimates of fund valuation. PGE valuation of individual fund performance compares stated fund performance against published benchmarks.


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Alternative investments—Investments in a portable alpha strategy are comprised of long positions in S&P 500 futures contracts and a hedge fund-of-funds comprised of diversified group, by sector and market capitalization of long only, short only and/or both long/short equity hedge funds. Valuation of hedge funds included within this vehicle is provided by fund managers using unobservable internally modeled inputs. PGE performs validation procedures of manager performance by comparing stated performance against published benchmarks. Alternative investments are classified as level 3 due to lack of observable market inputs and relative illiquidity of the fund.

Changes in the fair value of assets held by the pension plan classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy presented in the table above were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 (in millions):
 
 
Private
equity
 
Alternative assets
 
Total
Level 3
Balance as of December 31, 2009
$
17

 
$
23

 
$
40

Purchases and sales, net
4

 
2

 
6

Realized gain on sales
1

 

 
1

Unrealized gain on assets
1

 
3

 
4

Balance as of December 31, 2010
23

 
28

 
51

Purchases
7

 

 
7

Realized loss on sales
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Unrealized gain on assets
4

 
2

 
6

Balance as of December 31, 2011
$
32

 
$
30

 
$
62



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The following tables provide certain information with respect to the Company’s defined benefit pension plan, other postretirement benefits, and non-qualified benefit plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. Obligations related to the Other NQBP are not included in the following tables (dollars in millions):
 
 
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
 
  Other Postretirement  
Benefits
 
Non-Qualified
Benefit Plans
  
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Benefit obligation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of January 1
$
550

 
$
491

 
$
79

 
$
77

 
$
25

 
$
27

Service cost
12

 
11

 
2

 
2

 

 

Interest cost
29

 
28

 
4

 
4

 
1

 
1

Participants’ contributions

 

 
2

 
2

 

 

Actuarial loss (gain)
69

 
42

 
(5
)
 
1

 
3

 

Benefit payments
(26
)
 
(22
)
 
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
(2
)
 
(3
)
As of December 31
$
634

 
$
550

 
$
75

 
$
79

 
$
27

 
$
25

Fair value of plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of January 1
$
473

 
$
406

 
$
16

 
$
19

 
$
19

 
$
20

Actual return on plan assets
14

 
59

 

 
1

 

 
2

Company contributions
26

 
30

 
16

 
1

 

 

Participants’ contributions

 

 
2

 
2

 

 

Benefit payments
(26
)
 
(22
)
 
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
(2
)
 
(3
)
As of December 31
$
487

 
$
473

 
$
27

 
$
16

 
$
17

 
$
19

Unfunded position as of December 31
$
(147
)
 
$
(77
)
 
$
(48
)
 
$
(63
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(6
)
Accumulated benefit plan obligation as of December 31
$
566

 
$
503

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
$
27

 
$
25

Classification in consolidated balance sheet:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncurrent asset
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
17

 
$
19

Current liability

 

 

 

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Noncurrent liability
(147
)
 
(77
)
 
(48
)
 
(63
)
 
(25
)
 
(23
)
Net liability
$
(147
)
 
$
(77
)
 
$
(48
)
 
$
(63
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Defined Benefit
Pension Plan
 
Other Postretirement
Benefits
 
Non-Qualified
Benefit Plans
  
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
2010
 
 
2011
 
2010
Amounts included in comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial loss (gain)
$
97

 
$
22

 
$
(4
)
 
 
$
1

 
 
$
2

 
$

Amortization of net actuarial loss
(8
)
 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
 
(1
)
 
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Amortization of prior service cost
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
 
(1
)
 
 

 

 
$
88

 
$
18

 
$
(6
)
 
 
$
(1
)
 
 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
Amounts included in AOCL*:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial loss
$
275

 
$
186

 
$
15

 
 
$
20

 
 
$
10

 
$
9

Prior service cost
1

 
2

 
4

 
 
5

 
 

 

 
$
276

 
$
188

 
$
19

 
 
$
25

 
 
$
10

 
$
9

Assumptions used:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate used to calculate benefit obligation
5.00
%
 
5.47
%
 
3.76
%
-
 
4.02
%
-
 
5.00
%
 
5.47
%
 
 
 
 
 
4.90
%
 
 
5.40
%
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average rate of increase in future compensation levels
3.71
%
 
3.80
%
 
4.58
%
 
 
4.83
%
 
 
N/A

 
N/A

Long-term rate of return on plan assets
8.25
%
 
8.50
%
 
7.09
%
 
 
6.44
%
 
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
 
 
 
 
*
Amounts included in AOCL related to the Company’s defined benefit pension plan and other postretirement benefits are transferred to Regulatory assets due to the future recoverability from retail customers. Accordingly, as of the balance sheet date, such amounts are included in Regulatory assets.
 
Net periodic benefit cost consists of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
Defined Benefit
Pension Plan
 
Other Postretirement
Benefits
 
Non-Qualified
Benefit Plans
  
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Service cost
$
12

 
$
11

 
$
11

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$

Interest cost on benefit obligation
29

 
28

 
31

 
4

 
4

 
4

 
1

 
1

 
2

Expected return on plan assets
(42
)
 
(39
)
 
(43
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 

 

Amortization of prior service cost
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

 

 

 

Amortization of net actuarial loss
8

 
3

 

 
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

 

Net periodic benefit cost
$
8

 
$
4

 
$

 
$
7

 
$
7

 
$
7

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PGE estimates that $20 million will be amortized from AOCL into net periodic benefit cost in 2012, consisting of a net actuarial loss of $17 million for pension benefits, $1 million for non-qualified benefits and $1 million for other postretirement benefits, and prior service cost of $1 million for other postretirement benefits.


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The following table summarizes the benefits expected to be paid to participants in each of the next five years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter (in millions):
 
 
Payments Due
  
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017 - 2021
Defined benefit pension plan
$
31

 
$
32

 
$
34

 
$
36

 
$
37

 
$
209

Other postretirement benefits
4

 
4

 
4

 
4

 
5

 
23

Non-qualified benefit plans
2

 
2

 
2

 
3

 
2

 
11

Total
$
37

 
$
38

 
$
40

 
$
43

 
$
44

 
$
243

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All of the plans develop expected long-term rates of return for the major asset classes using long-term historical returns, with adjustments based on current levels and forecasts of inflation, interest rates, and economic growth. Also included are incremental rates of return provided by investment managers whose returns are expected to be greater than the markets in which they invest.

For measurement purposes, the assumed health care cost trend rates, which can affect amounts reported for the health care plans, were as follows:

For 2011, 8% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for 2012 through 2013, and assumed to decrease 0.5% per year thereafter, reaching 5% in 2019;

For 2010, 8% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for 2011 through 2013, and assumed to decrease 0.5% per year thereafter, reaching 5% in 2019; and

For 2009, 7.5% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for 2010, and assumed to decrease 0.5% per year thereafter, reaching 5% in 2015.

A one percentage point increase or decrease in the above health care cost assumption would have no material impact on total service or interest cost, and would increase or decrease the postretirement benefit obligation by less than $1 million.

401(k) Retirement Savings Plan

PGE sponsors a 401(k) Plan that covers substantially all employees. For eligible employees hired prior to February 1, 2009, the Company matches employee contributions up to 6% of the participating employee’s base pay. For eligible employees hired after January 31, 2009, and/or who are not otherwise covered by a defined benefit pension plan, PGE matches up to 5% of the participating employee’s base salary and, whether or not an employee contributes to the 401(k) Plan, the Company contributes 5% of the employee’s base salary.

For bargaining employees, who are subject to the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 125 agreements, the Company contributes a stated amount per compensable hour plus 1% of the employee’s base salary, whether or not the employee contributes to the 401(k) Plan.

All contributions are invested in accordance with employees’ elections, limited to investment options available under the 401(k) Plan. PGE made contributions of approximately $16 million, $15 million, and $14 million during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009.


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NOTE 11: INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
  
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
2

 
$
(20
)
 
$
(46
)
State and local

 

 

 
2

 
(20
)
 
(46
)
Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
43

 
61

 
78

State and local
13

 
12

 
6

 
56

 
73

 
84

Investment tax credit adjustments

 

 
(2
)
Income tax expense
$
58

 
$
53

 
$
36

 
 
 
 
 
 
The significant differences between the U.S. federal statutory rate and PGE’s effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes are as follows:
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
  
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Federal statutory tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
Federal tax credits
(12.7
)
 
(10.4
)
 
(8.3
)
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit
2.6

 
4.4

 
3.4

Flow through depreciation and cost basis differences
2.1

 
0.1

 
(1.6
)
Investment tax credit amortization

 

 
(1.5
)
Other
1.3

 
1.2

 
1.8

Effective tax rate
28.3
 %
 
30.3
 %
 
28.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in millions):
 
 
As of December 31,  
  
2011
 
2010
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
Price risk management
$
145

 
$
72

Employee benefits
135

 
98

Tax credits, net of valuation allowance
56

 
40

Regulatory liabilities
22

 
37

Tax loss carryforwards
1

 
17

Total deferred income tax assets
359

 
264

Deferred income tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
572

 
534

Regulatory assets
274

 
175

Other
9

 
4

Total deferred income tax liabilities
855

 
713

Deferred income tax liability, net
$
(496
)
 
$
(449
)
Classification of net deferred income taxes:
 
 
 
Current deferred income tax asset (1)
$
33

 
$

Current deferred income tax liability (2)

 
(4
)
Noncurrent deferred income tax liability
(529
)
 
(445
)
 
$
(496
)
 
$
(449
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Included in Other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2010 deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities presented in the preceding table to conform with the 2011 presentation and include the following: (i) an increase in Depreciation and amortization and a decrease in Regulatory liabilities of $220 million related to asset retirement obligations; (ii) an increase in Price risk management and a decrease in Regulatory liabilities of $74 million related to fair value adjustments; (iii) an increase in Employee benefits and a decrease in Regulatory assets of $73 million related to actuarial adjustments; and (iv) an increase in Regulatory assets and a decrease in Other of $8 million related to reacquired long-term debt.

As of December 31, 2011, PGE had no federal loss carryforwards and state loss carryforwards of less than $1 million, which will expire at various dates from 2016 through 2031. In addition, PGE has federal and state tax credit carryforwards of $42 million and $14 million, respectively, which will expire at various dates from 2012 through 2031.

PGE believes that it is more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2011 will be realized; accordingly, no valuation allowance has been recorded. As of December 31, 2010, PGE believed the benefit from state credit carryforwards expiring in 2011 would not be realized and, in recognition of this risk, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $2 million on the deferred tax assets relating to these state credit carryforwards. During 2011, these state credit carryforwards expired unused. The net change in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were decreases of $2 million and $1 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2010, the amount of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefit was $2 million, including interest, resulting from a gross increase in a position taken in a prior period. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company recognized $1 million in interest and no penalties. During the first quarter of 2011, the

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unrecognized tax benefit of $2 million was recognized as a result of filing for a federal tax accounting method change. As of December 31, 2011, PGE has no unrecognized tax benefits.

PGE files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, the states of Oregon and Montana, and certain local jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) performed an examination of PGE’s income tax returns for 2007 and 2008 during 2010. This audit closed in the first quarter of 2011, with no material findings. In addition, the IRS commenced examination of the 2006, 2009, and 2010 income tax returns in the fourth quarter of 2011. The Company is not currently under examination by state or local tax authorities.

NOTE 12: STOCK PURCHASE PLANS

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

PGE has an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), under which a total of 625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be issued. The ESPP permits all eligible employees to purchase shares of PGE common stock through regular payroll deductions, which are limited to 10% of base pay. Each year, employees may purchase up to a maximum of $25,000 in common stock (based on fair value on the purchase date) or 1,500 shares, whichever is less. There are two six-month offering periods each year, January 1 through June 30 and July 1 through December 31, during which eligible employees may purchase shares of PGE common stock at a price equal to 95% of the fair value of the stock on the purchase date, the last day of the offering period. As of December 31, 2011, there were 507,594 shares available for future issuance pursuant to the ESPP.
Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan
On April 1, 2011, PGE’s Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (DRIP) became effective, under which a total of 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be issued. Under the DRIP, investors may elect to buy shares of the Company’s common stock or elect to reinvest cash dividends in additional shares of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2011, there were 2,496,842 shares available for future issuance pursuant to the DRIP.

NOTE 13: STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE
 
Pursuant to the Portland General Electric Company 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan), the Company may grant a variety of equity-based awards, including restricted stock units with time-based vesting conditions (Restricted Stock Units) and performance-based vesting conditions (Performance Stock Units) to non-employee directors, officers and certain key employees. Service requirements generally must be met for stock units to vest. For each grant, the number of Stock Units is determined by dividing the specified award amount for each grantee by the closing stock price on the date of grant. A total of 4,687,500 shares of common stock were registered for future issuance under the Plan, of which 3,931,204 shares remain available for future issuance as of December 31, 2011.
 
Restricted Stock Units vest in either equal installments over a one-year period on the last day of each calendar quarter, over a three-year period on each anniversary of the grant date, or at the end of a three-year period following the grant date.
 
Performance Stock Units vest if performance goals are met at the end of a three-year performance period; such goals include return on equity and regulated asset base growth measures. Vesting of Performance Stock Units is calculated by multiplying the number of units granted by a performance percentage determined by the Compensation and Human Resources Committee of PGE’s Board of Directors. The performance percentage is calculated based on the extent to which the performance goals are met. In accordance with the Plan, however, the committee may disregard or offset the effect of extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring items in determining results relative to these goals. Based on the attainment of the performance goals, the awards can range from zero to 150% of the grant.

108


Outstanding Restricted and Performance Stock Units provide for the payment of one Dividend Equivalent Right (DER) for each stock unit. DERs represent an amount equal to dividends paid to shareholders on a share of PGE’s common stock and vest on the same schedule as the stock units. The DERs are settled in cash (for grants to non-employee directors) or shares of PGE common stock valued either at the closing stock price on the vesting date (for Performance Stock Unit grants) or dividend payment date (for all other grants). The cash from the settlement of the DERs for non-employee directors may be deferred under the terms of the Portland General Electric Company 2006 Outside Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan.
 
Restricted and Performance Stock Unit activity is summarized in the following table:
 
 
Units
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2008
360,382

 
25.04

Granted
243,574

 
14.95

Forfeited
(4,847
)
 
24.85

Vested
(176,846
)
 
23.60

Outstanding as of December 31, 2009
422,263

 
19.82

Granted
191,469

 
19.18

Forfeited
(45,081
)
 
23.45

Vested
(103,223
)
 
25.78

Outstanding as of December 31, 2010
465,428

 
17.88

Granted
152,657

 
23.84

Forfeited
(106,979
)
 
22.35

Vested
(19,702
)
 
23.34

Outstanding as of December 31, 2011
491,404

 
18.54

 
 
 
 
The number of vested Restricted and Performance Stock Units presented above exceed the number of shares issued for the vesting of restricted and performance stock units on the consolidated statements of equity because, upon vesting, the Company withholds a portion of the vested shares for the payment of income taxes on behalf of the employees. The total value of Restricted and Performance Stock Units vested during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 was $1 million, $3 million and $4 million, respectively. The weighted average fair value is measured based on the closing price of PGE common stock on the date of grant. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, PGE recorded $4 million, $2 million and $1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense, which is included in Administrative and other expense in the consolidated statements of income. Such amounts differ from those reported in the consolidated statements of equity for Stock-based compensation due primarily to the impact from the income tax payments made on behalf of employees. The net impact to equity from the income tax payments, partially offset by the issuance of DERs, resulted in a charge to equity of less than $1 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009, which is not included in Administrative and other expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

As of December 31, 2011, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was $4 million, of which approximately $3 million and $1 million is expected to be expensed in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense was calculated assuming the attainment of performance goals that would allow the vesting of 121.8%, 117.9%, and 91.1% of awarded Performance Stock Units for 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, with an estimated 6% forfeiture rate. No stock-based compensation costs have been capitalized and the plan had no material impact on cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, or 2009.


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NOTE 14: EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the year using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares consist of Restricted Stock Units and employee stock purchase plan shares. Unvested Performance Stock Units and related DERs are not included in the computation of dilutive securities because vesting of these instruments is dependent upon the attainment of required criteria over three-year performance periods. For additional information on Performance Stock Units and DERs, see Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation Expense.
 
Components of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Numerator (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company common shareholders
$
147

 
$
125

 
$
95

Denominator (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic
75,333

 
75,275

 
72,790

Dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan shares
17

 
16

 
62

Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted
75,350

 
75,291

 
72,852

 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share—basic and diluted
$
1.95

 
$
1.66

 
$
1.31

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts are calculated based on actual amounts rather than the rounded amounts presented in the table above and on the consolidated statements of income. Accordingly, calculations using the rounded amounts presented for net income and weighted average shares outstanding may yield results that vary from the earnings per share amounts presented in the table above.


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NOTE 15: COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES

Commitments

As of December 31, 2011, PGE’s future minimum payments pursuant to purchase obligations for the following five years and thereafter are as follows (in millions):
 
 
Payments Due
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Capital and other purchase commitments
$
58

 
$
18

 
$
10

 
$
10

 
$
6

 
$
73

 
$
175

Purchased power and fuel:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Electricity purchases
129

 
77

 
76

 
76

 
57

 
381

 
796

Capacity contracts
21

 
21

 
21

 
20

 
19

 

 
102

Public Utility Districts
7

 
8

 
8

 
8

 
7

 
30

 
68

Natural gas
49

 
22

 
22

 
20

 
12

 
11

 
136

Coal and transportation
25

 
19

 
9

 

 

 

 
53

Operating leases
9

 
10

 
9

 
10

 
10

 
196

 
244

Total
$
298

 
$
175

 
$
155

 
$
144

 
$
111

 
$
691

 
$
1,574

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital and other purchase commitments—Certain commitments have been made for capital and other purchases for 2012 and beyond. Such commitments include those related to hydro licenses, upgrades to production, distribution and transmission facilities, decommissioning activities, information systems, and system maintenance work. Termination of these agreements could result in cancellation charges.

Electricity purchases and Capacity contracts—PGE has power purchase contracts with counterparties, which expire at varying dates through 2036, and power capacity contracts through 2016. As of December 31, 2011, PGE has power sale contracts with counterparties of approximately $13 million in 2012.

Public Utility Districts—PGE has long-term power purchase contracts with certain public utility districts in the state of Washington and with the City of Portland, Oregon. The Company is required to pay its proportionate share of the operating and debt service costs of the hydroelectric projects whether or not they are operable. The future minimum payments for the Public Utility Districts in the preceding table reflect the principal payment only and do not include interest, operation, or maintenance expenses. Selected information regarding these projects is summarized as follows (dollars in millions):
 
 
Revenue Bonds as of December 31, 2011
 
PGE Share
 
Contract
Expiration
 
PGE Cost,
including Debt Service
 
Output
 
Capacity
 
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
 
 
 
 
(in MW)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Priest Rapids and Wanapum
$
917

 
8.8
%
 
176

 
2052
 
$
14

 
$
10

 
$
17

Wells
259

 
19.4

 
159

 
2018
 
10

 
7

 
8

Portland Hydro
11

 
100.0

 
36

 
2017
 
4

 
4

 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under contracts with the public utility districts, PGE has acquired a percentage of the output (Allocation) of Priest Rapids and Wanapum and Wells. The contracts provide that, should any other purchaser of output default on payments as a result of bankruptcy or insolvency, PGE would be allocated a pro rata share of the output and operating and debt service costs of the defaulting purchaser. For Wells, PGE would be allocated up to a cumulative maximum of 25% of the defaulting purchaser’s percentage Allocation. For Priest Rapids and Wanapum, PGE would

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be allocated up to a cumulative maximum that would not adversely affect the tax exempt status of any outstanding debt.

Natural gas—PGE has agreements for the purchase and transportation of natural gas from domestic and Canadian sources for its natural gas-fired generating facilities. The Company also has a natural gas storage agreement, which expires in April 2017, for the purpose of fueling the Company’s Port Westward and Beaver generating plants.

Coal and transportation—PGE has coal and related rail transportation agreements with take-or-pay provisions related to Boardman, which expire at various dates through 2014.

Operating leases—PGE has various operating leases associated with its headquarters and certain of its production, transmission, and support facilities. The majority of the future minimum operating lease payments presented in the table above consist of (i) the corporate headquarters lease, which expires in 2018, but includes renewal period options through 2043, and (ii) the Port of St. Helens land lease, where PGE’s Beaver and Port Westward generating plants operate, which expires in 2096. Rent expense was $9 million in 2011 and in 2010, and $7 million in 2009.
 
The future minimum operating lease payments presented is net of sublease income of: $3 million in 2012; $2 million in 2013, 2014, and 2015; and $1 million in 2016. Sublease income was $3 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009.

Guarantees

PGE entered into a sale transaction in 1985 in which it sold an undivided 15% interest in Boardman and a 10.714% undivided interest in the Pacific Northwest Intertie (Intertie) transmission line (jointly the Boardman Assets) to an unrelated third party (Purchaser). The Purchaser leased the Boardman Assets to a lessee (Lessee) unrelated to PGE or the Purchaser. Concurrently, PGE assigned to the Lessee certain agreements for the sale of power and transmission services from Boardman and the Intertie (P&T Agreements) to a regulated electric utility (Utility) unrelated to PGE, the Purchaser, or the Lessee. The P&T Agreements expire on December 31, 2013. The payments by the Utility under the P&T Agreements exceed the payments to be made by the Lessee to the Purchaser under the lease. In exchange for PGE undertaking certain obligations of the Lessee under the lease, the Lessee reassigned to PGE certain rights, including the excess payments, under the P&T Agreements. However, in the event that the Utility defaults on the payments it owes under the P&T Agreements, PGE may be required to pay the damages owed by the Lessee to the Purchaser under the lease. Assuming no recovery from the Utility and no reduction in damages from mitigating sales or leases related to the Boardman Assets and P&T Agreements, the maximum amount that would be owed by PGE in 2012 is approximately $74 million. Management believes that circumstances that could result in such amount, or any lesser amount, being owed by the Company are remote.

PGE enters into financial agreements and power and natural gas purchase and sale agreements that include indemnification provisions relating to certain claims or liabilities that may arise relating to the transactions contemplated by these agreements. Generally, a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated in the indemnification provisions and, therefore, the overall maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated. PGE periodically evaluates the likelihood of incurring costs under such indemnities based on the Company’s historical experience and the evaluation of the specific indemnities. As of December 31, 2011, management believes the likelihood is remote that PGE would be required to perform under such indemnification provisions or otherwise incur any significant losses with respect to such indemnities. The Company has not recorded any liability on the consolidated balance sheets with respect to these indemnities.


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NOTE 16: VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

PGE has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of three VIEs and, therefore, consolidates the VIEs within the Company’s consolidated financial statements. All three arrangements were formed for the sole purpose of designing, developing, constructing, owning, maintaining, operating and financing photovoltaic solar power facilities located on real property owned by third parties and selling the energy generated by the facilities. The Company is the Managing Member and a financial institution is the Investor Member in each of the Limited Liability Companies (LLCs), holding equity interests of less than 1% and more than 99%, respectively, in each entity. PGE has determined that its interests in these VIEs contain the obligation to absorb the variability of the entities that could potentially be significant to the VIEs, and the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the entities’ economic performance.
 
Determining whether PGE is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is complex, subjective and requires the use of judgments and assumptions. Significant judgments and assumptions made by PGE in determining it is the primary beneficiary of these LLCs include the following: (i) PGE has the experience to own and operate electric generating facilities and is authorized to operate the LLCs pursuant to the operating agreements, and, therefore, PGE has control over the most significant activities of the LLCs; (ii) PGE expects to own 100% of the LLCs shortly after five years have elapsed, at which time the facilities will have approximately 75% of their estimated useful life remaining; and (iii) based on projections prepared in accordance with the operating agreements, PGE expects to absorb a majority of the expected losses of the LLCs.

During 2010 and 2009, impairment losses of $4 million and $5 million, respectively, were recognized on the photovoltaic solar power facilities held by the LLCs and classified in Depreciation and amortization expense in PGE’s consolidated statements of income. Based on PGE’s intent to ultimately acquire 100% of the LLCs and the fact that the capitalized cost of the photovoltaic solar power facilities exceeded the undiscounted cash flows of the respective facility over its estimated useful life, impairment analyses were performed. The impairment losses were equal to the excess of the carrying amounts over the estimated fair values of the photovoltaic solar power facilities. Estimated fair values were determined using the discounted cash flow method, assuming a discount rate (after taxes) of approximately 7%, which is PGE’s allowed rate of return, and estimated useful lives ranging from 20 to 25 years. The new cost basis of the photovoltaic solar power facilities are amortized over their remaining estimated useful lives. The valuation technique used to measure fair value of the photovoltaic solar power facilities at the impairment date is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 4, Fair Value of Financial Instruments.

As noted above, PGE has consolidated the VIEs even though it has less than a 1% ownership interest in the LLCs. The participating members are allocated their proportionate share of the LLCs net losses based on the respective members’ ownership percent. Accordingly, the majority of the impairment losses are attributable to the noncontrolling interests through the Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests in PGE’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.

Included in PGE’s consolidated balance sheets are LLC net assets as follows (in millions):

 
As of December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1

 
$
1

Accounts receivable

 
4

Electric utility plant, net
5

 
5

 
 
 
 
These assets can only be used to settle the obligations of the consolidated VIEs.


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NOTE 17: JOINTLY-OWNED PLANT

PGE has interests in three jointly-owned generating facilities. Under the joint operating agreements, each participating owner is responsible for financing its share of construction, operating and leasing costs. PGE’s proportionate share of direct operating and maintenance expenses of the facilities is included in the corresponding operating and maintenance expense categories in the consolidated statements of income.
 
As of December 31, 2011, PGE had the following investments in jointly-owned plant (dollars in millions):
 
 
PGE
Share
 
In-service Date
 
Plant
In-service
 
Accumulated
Depreciation*
 
Construction
Work In
Progress
Boardman
65.00
%
 
1980
 
$
467

 
$
292

 
$
2

Colstrip
20.00

 
1986
 
507

 
326

 
2

Pelton/Round Butte
66.67

 
1958
/
1964
 
206

 
46

 
11

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,180

 
$
664

 
$
15

 
 
 
 
 
*
Excludes asset retirement obligations and accumulated asset retirement removal costs.

NOTE 18: CONTINGENCIES

PGE is subject to legal, regulatory, and environmental proceedings, investigations, and claims that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. Contingencies are evaluated using the best information available at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Loss contingencies are accrued and disclosed when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred as of the financial statement date and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If a reasonable estimate of probable loss cannot be determined, a range of loss may be established, in which case the minimum amount in the range is accrued, unless some other amount within the range appears to be a better estimate.

A loss contingency will also be disclosed when it is reasonably possible that an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred. If a probable or reasonably possible loss cannot be reasonably estimated, then the Company (i) discloses an estimate of such loss or the range of such loss, if the Company is able to determine such an estimate, or (ii) discloses that an estimate cannot be made.

If an asset has been impaired or a liability incurred after the financial statement date, but prior to the issuance of the financial statements, the loss contingency is disclosed, if material, and the amount of any estimated loss is recorded in the subsequent reporting period.

The Company evaluates, on a quarterly basis, developments in such matters that could affect the amount of any accrual, as well as the likelihood of developments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. The assessment as to whether a loss is probable or reasonably possible, and as to whether such loss or a range of such loss is estimable, often involves a series of complex judgments about future events. Management is often unable to estimate a reasonably possible loss, or a range of loss, particularly in cases in which (i) the damages sought are indeterminate or the basis for the damages claimed is not clear, (ii) the proceedings are in the early stages, (iii) discovery is not complete, (iv) the matters involve novel or unsettled legal theories, (v) there are significant facts in dispute, (vi) there are a large number of parties (including where it is uncertain how liability, if any, will be shared among multiple defendants), or (vii) there is a wide range of potential outcomes. In such cases, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the timing or ultimate resolution, including any possible loss, fine, penalty, or business impact.

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Trojan Investment Recovery

Regulatory Proceedings. In 1993, PGE closed Trojan and sought full recovery of, and a return on, its Trojan costs in a general rate case filing with the OPUC. The OPUC issued a general rate order that granted the Company recovery of, and a return on, 87% of its remaining investment in Trojan.

Numerous challenges and appeals were subsequently filed in various state courts on the issue of the OPUC’s authority under Oregon law to grant recovery of, and a return on, the Trojan investment. In 1998, the Oregon Court of Appeals upheld the OPUC’s order authorizing PGE’s recovery of the Trojan investment, but held that the OPUC did not have the authority to allow PGE to recover a return on the Trojan investment and remanded the case to the OPUC for reconsideration.

In 2000, PGE entered into agreements to settle the litigation related to recovery of, and return on, its investment in Trojan. The Utility Reform Project (URP) did not participate in the settlement and filed a complaint with the OPUC challenging the settlement agreements. In 2002, the OPUC issued an order (2002 Order) denying all of the URP’s challenges. In 2007, following several appeals by various parties, the Oregon Court of Appeals issued an opinion that remanded the 2002 Order to the OPUC for reconsideration.

The OPUC then issued an order in 2008 that required PGE to refund $15.4 million, plus interest at 9.6% from September 30, 2000, to customers who received service from PGE during the period October 1, 2000 to September 30, 2001. The Company recorded a charge of $33.1 million in 2008 related to the refund and accrued additional interest expense on the liability until refunds to customers were completed in the first quarter of 2010. The URP and the plaintiffs in the class actions described below have separately appealed the 2008 Order to the Oregon Court of Appeals. Oral arguments were made on February 3, 2012 and a decision by the Oregon Court of Appeals remains pending.

Class Actions. In a separate legal proceeding, two lawsuits were filed in Marion County Circuit Court against PGE in 2003 on behalf of two classes of electric service customers. The class action lawsuits seek damages of $260 million, plus interest, as a result of PGE’s inclusion, in prices charged to customers, of a return on its investment of Trojan.

In 2006, the Oregon Supreme Court issued a ruling ordering the abatement of the class action proceedings until the OPUC responded to the 2002 Order (described above). The Oregon Supreme Court concluded that the OPUC has primary jurisdiction to determine what, if any, remedy it can offer to PGE customers, through price reductions or refunds, for any amount of return on the Trojan investment PGE collected in prices for the period from April 1, 1995 through October 1, 2000.

The Oregon Supreme Court further stated that if the OPUC determined that it can provide a remedy to PGE’s customers, then the class action proceedings may become moot in whole or in part. The Oregon Supreme Court added that, if the OPUC determined that it cannot provide a remedy, the court system may have a role to play. The Oregon Supreme Court also ruled that the plaintiffs retain the right to return to the Marion County Circuit Court for disposition of whatever issues remain unresolved from the remanded OPUC proceedings. The Marion County Circuit Court subsequently abated the class actions in response to the ruling of the Oregon Supreme Court.

Because the above matters involve unsettled legal theories and have a broad range of potential outcomes, management cannot estimate a range of potential loss. Management believes, however, that these matters will not have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company, but may have a material impact on the results of operations and cash flows in future reporting periods.


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Pacific Northwest Refund Proceeding

In 2001, the FERC called for a hearing to explore whether there may have been unjust and unreasonable charges for spot market sales of electricity in the Pacific Northwest from December 25, 2000 through June 20, 2001 (Pacific Northwest Refund proceeding). During that period, PGE both sold and purchased electricity in the Pacific Northwest. In 2003, the FERC issued an order terminating the proceeding and denying the claims for refunds. Parties appealed various aspects of the FERC order to the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit).

In August 2007, the Ninth Circuit issued its decision, concluding that the FERC failed to adequately explain how it considered or examined new evidence showing intentional market manipulation in California and its potential ties to the Pacific Northwest and that the FERC should not have excluded from the Pacific Northwest Refund proceeding purchases of energy made by the California Energy Resources Scheduling (CERS) division in the Pacific Northwest spot market. The Ninth Circuit remanded the case to the FERC to: (i) address the new market manipulation evidence in detail and account for the evidence in any future orders regarding the award or denial of refunds in the proceedings; (ii) include sales to CERS in its analysis; and (iii) further consider its refund decision in light of related, intervening opinions of the court. The Ninth Circuit offered no opinion on the FERC’s findings based on the record established by the administrative law judge and did not rule on the FERC’s ultimate decision to deny refunds. After denying requests for rehearing, the Ninth Circuit in April 2009 issued a mandate giving immediate effect to its August 2007 order remanding the case to the FERC.

In October, 2011, the FERC issued an Order on Remand, establishing an evidentiary hearing to determine whether any seller had engaged in unlawful market activity in the Pacific Northwest spot markets during the December 25, 2000 through June 20, 2001 period by violating specific contracts or tariffs, and, if so, whether a direct connection existed between the alleged unlawful conduct and the rate charged under the applicable contract. FERC held that the Mobile-Sierra public interest standard governs challenges to the bilateral contracts at issue in this proceeding, and the strong presumption under Mobile-Sierra that the rates charged under each contract are just and reasonable would have to be specifically overcome before a refund could be ordered. FERC directed the presiding judge, if necessary, to determine a refund methodology and to calculate refunds, but held that a market-wide remedy was not appropriate, given the bilateral contract nature of the Pacific Northwest spot markets. Certain parties claiming refunds filed requests for rehearing of the Order on Remand, contesting, among other things, the applicable refund period reflected in the Order, the use of the Mobile-Sierra standard, any restraints in the Order on the type of evidence that could be introduced in the hearing, and the lack of market-wide remedy. The rehearing requests remain pending.

In its October 2011 Order on Remand, the FERC held the hearing procedures in abeyance pending the results of settlement discussions, which it ordered be convened before a FERC settlement judge. The settlement proceedings are ongoing.

The settlement between PGE and certain other parties in the California refund case in Docket No. EL00-95, et seq., approved by the FERC in May 2007, resolved all claims between PGE and the California parties named in the settlement (including CERS) as to transactions in the Pacific Northwest during the settlement period, January 1, 2000 through June 20, 2001, but did not settle potential claims from other market participants relating to transactions in the Pacific Northwest.

Management cannot predict whether the FERC will order refunds in the Pacific Northwest Refund proceeding, which contracts would be subject to refunds, or how such refunds, if any, would be calculated. Accordingly, management cannot estimate a range of potential loss. Management believes, however, that the outcome will not have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company, but may have a material impact on PGE’s results of operations and cash flows in future reporting periods.
 

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EPA Investigation of Portland Harbor

A 1997 investigation by the EPA of a segment of the Willamette River known as the Portland Harbor revealed significant contamination of river sediments. The EPA subsequently included Portland Harbor on the National Priority List pursuant to the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act as a federal Superfund site and listed 69 Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs). PGE was included among the PRPs as it has historically owned or operated property near the river.

The Portland Harbor site is currently undergoing a remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) pursuant to an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) between the EPA and several PRPs, not including PGE. In the AOC, the EPA determined that the RI/FS would focus on a segment of the river approximately 5.7 miles in length.

In January 2008, the EPA requested information from various parties, including PGE, concerning properties in or near the 5.7 mile segment of the river being examined in the RI/FS, as well as several miles beyond. Subsequently, the EPA has listed additional PRPs, which now number over one hundred.

The EPA will determine the boundaries of the site at the conclusion of the RI/FS in a Record of Decision in which it will document its findings and select a preferred cleanup alternative. The EPA is not expected to issue the Record of Decision until 2014.

Sufficient information is currently not available to determine the total cost of any required investigation or remediation of the Portland Harbor site or the liability of PRPs, including PGE. Accordingly, management cannot estimate a range of potential loss. Management believes, however, that the outcome will not have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company, but may have a material impact on PGE’s results of operations and cash flows in future reporting periods.

EPA Investigation of Harbor Oil

Harbor Oil, Inc. operated an oil reprocessing business on a site located in north Portland (Harbor Oil), until about 1999. Subsequently, other companies have continued to conduct operations on the site. Until 2003, PGE contracted with the operators of the site to provide used oil from the Company’s power plants and electrical distribution system to the operators for use in their reprocessing business. Other entities continue to utilize Harbor Oil for the reprocessing of used oil and other lubricants.

In 1974 and 1979, major oil spills occurred at the Harbor Oil site. Elevated levels of contaminants, including metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls, have been detected at the site. In 2003, the EPA included the Harbor Oil site on the National Priority List as a federal Superfund site.

PGE received a Notice from the EPA in 2005, in which the Company was named as one of fourteen PRPs with respect to Harbor Oil. In 2007, an AOC was signed by the EPA and six other parties, including PGE, to implement an RI/FS at Harbor Oil. In 2011, the final draft of the remedial investigation report was submitted to the EPA, which has yet to issue a response.

Sufficient information is currently not available to determine the total cost of investigation and remediation of Harbor Oil or the liability of the PRPs, including PGE. Accordingly, management cannot estimate a range of potential loss. Management believes, however, that the outcome of this matter will not have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company, but may have a material impact on PGE’s results of operations and cash flows in future reporting periods.
    

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Revenue Bonds

In 2008, PGE repurchased $5.8 million of Pollution Control Revenue Bonds Series 1996 (Bonds) issued through the Port of Morrow. In connection with the repurchase, PGE paid the $5.8 million repurchase price to Lehman Brothers Inc. (Lehman) as remarketing agent for the Bonds, who in turn paid off the beneficial owner of the Bonds. As a result of the payment, PGE became the beneficial owner of the Bonds and requested that Lehman safe-keep the Bonds in Lehman’s Depository Trust Company participant account until such time as the Bonds could be remarketed. After repurchase of the Bonds, PGE removed the liability for the Bonds from its financial statements.

In September 2008, Lehman filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. PGE subsequently filed a claim for return of the Bonds from Lehman. In November 2009, the trustee appointed to liquidate the assets of Lehman (Trustee) allowed PGE’s claim as a net equity claim for securities. At the time, PGE believed it would receive back the entire amount of the Bonds at some point during the bankruptcy proceedings.

It is not certain that the Company will receive the full amount of the Bonds but could, along with other claimants, potentially receive a pro-rata share of certain assets. The timing and extent of distributions on claims are subject to the ultimate disposition of numerous claims in the proceedings and certain major contingencies which the Trustee must resolve. PGE cannot currently estimate how much of the value of the Bonds will ultimately be returned to the Company or the timing of the distribution from Lehman. Management does not expect the outcome of this matter to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, but it may have a material impact on PGE’s results of operations and cash flows in a future interim reporting period.

Other Matters

PGE is subject to other regulatory, environmental, and legal proceedings, investigations, and claims that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, which may result in adverse judgments against the Company. Although management currently believes that resolution of such matters will not have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.


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QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
(Unaudited)
 
 
Quarter Ended
  
March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30
 
December 31
 
(In millions, except per share amounts)
2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues, net
$
484

 
$
411

 
$
439

 
$
479

Income from operations
115

 
57

 
68

 
69

Net income
69

 
22

 
27

 
29

Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company
69

 
22

 
27

 
29

Earnings per share—basic and diluted (1)
0.92

 
0.29

 
0.36

 
0.38

2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues, net (2)
$
449

 
$
415

 
$
464

 
$
455

Income from operations (2)
61

 
57

 
90

 
59

Net income (2)
27

 
24

 
48

 
22

Net income attributable to Portland General Electric Company (2)
27

 
24

 
49

 
25

Earnings per share—basic and diluted (1) (2)
0.36

 
0.32

 
0.65

 
0.34

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Earnings per share are calculated independently for each period presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts may not equal the total for the year.
(2)
Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2010 include the reversal of an estimated collection from customers that had been recorded as of September 30, 2010 in the amount of $24 million related to the regulatory treatment of income taxes (SB 408) for 2010.

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ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.


ITEM 9A.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

(a)     Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management of the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, the information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b)     Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Management of the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report pursuant to Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act. Management’s assessment was based on the framework established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2011, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

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The Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2011, has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm who audits the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as stated in their report included in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2011.

(c)     Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2011 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.     OTHER INFORMATION.

None.


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PART III
 
ITEM 10.     DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the relevant information under the captions “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Corporate Governance,” “Proposal 1: Election of Directors—The Board of Directors,” and “Executive Officers” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 23, 2012.

ITEM 11.     EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the relevant information under the captions “Corporate Governance—Non-Employee Director Compensation,” “Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation and Human Resources Committee Report,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” and “Executive Compensation Tables” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 23, 2012.

ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the relevant information under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Directors and Executive Officers” and “Equity Compensation Plans,” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 23, 2012.

ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the relevant information under the caption “Corporate Governance” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 23, 2012.

ITEM 14.     PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the relevant information under the captions “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” and “Pre-Approval Policy for Independent Auditor Services” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 23, 2012.


122

Table of Contents

PART IV
 
ITEM 15.     EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a)    Financial Statements and Schedules

The financial statements are set forth under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Financial statement schedules have been omitted since they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included.

(b)    Exhibit Listing
 
Exhibit
Number
Description
(3)
Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
3.1*
Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Portland General Electric Company (Form 10-Q filed August 3, 2009, Exhibit 3.1).
3.2*
Ninth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Portland General Electric Company (Form 8-K filed October 27, 2011, Exhibit 3.1).
(4)
Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures
4.1*
Portland General Electric Company Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust dated July 1, 1945 (Form 8, Amendment No. 1 dated June 14, 1965).
4.2*
Fortieth Supplemental Indenture dated October 1, 1990 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1990, Exhibit 4) (File No. 1-05532-99).
4.3*
Fifty-sixth Supplemental Indenture dated May 1, 2006 (Form 8-K filed May 25, 2006, Exhibit 4.1).
4.4*
Fifty-seventh Supplemental Indenture dated December 1, 2006 (Form 8-K filed December 22, 2006, Exhibit 4.1).
4.5*
Fifty-eighth Supplemental Indenture dated April 1, 2007 (Form 8-K filed April 12, 2007, Exhibit 4.1).
4.6*
Fifty-ninth Supplemental Indenture dated October 1, 2007 (Form 8-K filed October 5, 2007, Exhibit 4.1).
4.7*
Sixtieth Supplemental Indenture dated April 1, 2008 (Form 8-K filed April 17, 2008, Exhibit 4.1).
4.8*
Sixty-first Supplemental Indenture dated January 15, 2009 (Form 8-K filed January 16, 2009, Exhibit 4.1).
4.9*
Sixty-second Supplemental Indenture dated April 1, 2009 (Form 8-K filed April 16, 2009, Exhibit 4.1).
4.10*
Sixty-third Supplemental Indenture dated November 1, 2009 (Form 8-K filed November 4, 2009, Exhibit 4.1).
(10)
Material Contracts
10.1*
Separation Agreement between Enron Corp. and Portland General Electric Company dated April 3, 2006 (Form 8-K filed April 3, 2006, Exhibit 10.1).
10.2*
Five Year Credit Agreement dated May 27, 2005, between Portland General Electric Company, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and a group of lenders (Form 8-K filed June 2, 2005, Exhibit 4.1).
10.3
Credit Agreement dated December 8, 2011, between Portland General Electric Company, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Barclays Capital, as Syndication Agent, and a group of lenders.


123

Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number
Description
Exhibits 10.4 through 10.15 were filed in connection with the Company’s 1985 Boardman/Intertie Sale:
10.4*
Long-term Power Sale Agreement dated November 5, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.5*
Long-term Transmission Service Agreement dated November 5, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 001-05532-99).
10.6*
Participation Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.7*
Lease Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.8*
PGE-Lessee Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.9*
Asset Sales Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.10*
Bargain and Sale Deed, Bill of Sale, and Grant of Easements and Licenses dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.11*
Supplemental Bill of Sale dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.12*
Trust Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.13*
Tax Indemnification Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.14*
Trust Indenture, Mortgage and Security Agreement dated December 30, 1985 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.15*
Restated and Amended Trust Indenture, Mortgage and Security Agreement dated February 27, 1986 (Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1985, Exhibit 10) (File No. 1-05532).
10.16*
Portland General Electric Company Severance Pay Plan for Executive Employees dated June 15, 2005 (Form 8-K filed June 20, 2005, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.17*
Portland General Electric Company Outplacement Assistance Plan dated June 15, 2005 (Form 8-K filed June 20, 2005, Exhibit 10.2). +
10.18*
Portland General Electric Company 2005 Management Deferred Compensation Plan dated January 1, 2005 (Form 10-K filed March 11, 2005, Exhibit 10.18). +
10.19*
Portland General Electric Company Management Deferred Compensation Plan dated March 12, 2003 (Form 10-Q filed May 15, 2003, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.20*
Portland General Electric Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated March 12, 2003 (Form 10-Q filed May 15, 2003, Exhibit 10.2). +
10.21*
Portland General Electric Company Senior Officers’ Life Insurance Benefit Plan dated March 12, 2003 (Form 10-Q filed May 15, 2003, Exhibit 10.3). +
10.22*
Portland General Electric Company Umbrella Trust for Management dated March 12, 2003 (Form 10-Q filed May 15, 2003, Exhibit 10.4). +
10.23*
Portland General Electric Company 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (Form 10-K filed February 27, 2008, Exhibit 10.23). +

124

Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number
Description
10.24*
Portland General Electric Company 2006 Annual Cash Incentive Master Plan (Form 8-K filed March 17, 2006, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.25*
Portland General Electric Company 2006 Outside Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan (Form 8-K filed May 17, 2006, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.26*
Portland General Electric Company 2008 Annual Cash Incentive Master Plan for Executive Officers (Form 8-K filed February 26, 2008, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.27*
Form of Portland General Electric Company Agreement Concerning Indemnification and Related Matters (Form 8-K filed December 24, 2009, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.28*
Form of Portland General Electric Company Agreement Concerning Indemnification and Related Matters for Officers and Key Employees (Form 8-K filed February 19, 2010, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.29*
Form of Directors’ Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Form 8-K filed July 14, 2006, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.30*
Form of Officers’ and Key Employees’ Performance Stock Unit Agreement (Form 8-K filed March 13, 2008, Exhibit 10.1). +
10.31*
Employment Agreement dated and effective May 6, 2008 between Stephen M. Quennoz and Portland General Electric Company (Form 10-Q filed May 7, 2008, Exhibit 10.3). +
(12)
Statements Re Computation of Ratios
12.1
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
(23)
Consents of Experts and Counsel
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Deloitte & Touche LLP.
(31)
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
(32)
Section 1350 Certifications
32.1
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
(101)
Interactive Data File
101.INS**
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE**
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
 
*
Incorporated by reference as indicated.
+
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
**
In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K shall be deemed furnished and not filed.
Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of other long-term debt of the Company are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K because the total amount of securities authorized under each such omitted instrument does not exceed 10% of the total consolidated assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.

Upon written request to Investor Relations, Portland General Electric Company, 121 SW Salmon Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, PGE will furnish shareholders with a copy of any Exhibit upon payment of reasonable fees for reproduction costs incurred in furnishing requested Exhibits.


125

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 23, 2012.
 
 
PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/     JAMES J. PIRO        
 
 
James J. Piro
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 23, 2012.
 
Signature
Title
 
 
/s/    JAMES J. PIRO
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
(principal executive officer)
James J. Piro
 
 
/s/     MARIA M. POPE 
Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer
(principal financial and accounting officer)
Maria M. Pope
 
 
/s/    JOHN W. BALLANTINE
Director
John W. Ballantine
 
 
 
/s/    RODNEY L. BROWN, JR.
Director
Rodney L. Brown, Jr.
 
 
 
/s/    DAVID A. DIETZLER
Director
David A. Dietzler
 
 
 
/s/    KIRBY A. DYESS
Director
Kirby A. Dyess
 
 
 
/s/     PEGGY Y. FOWLER 
Director
Peggy Y. Fowler
 
 
 
/s/    MARK B. GANZ
Director
Mark B. Ganz
 
 
 
/s/    CORBIN A. MCNEILL, JR.
Director
Corbin A. McNeill, Jr.
 
 
 
/s/    NEIL J. NELSON
Director
Neil J. Nelson
 
 
 
/s/    M. LEE PELTON
Director
M. Lee Pelton
 
 
 
/s/    ROBERT T. F. REID
Director
Robert T. F. Reid
 

126
EX 10.3 20111231







EXHIBIT 10.3
 
Published CUSIP number: 73651GAH6








CREDIT AGREEMENT

DATED AS OF DECEMBER 8, 2011

AMONG


PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,


THE LENDERS,


BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,

BARCLAYS CAPITAL,
AS SYNDICATION AGENT,

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH
AND
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
AS CO-DOCUMENTATION AGENTS



MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED
AND
BARCLAYS CAPITAL
AS JOINT LEAD ARRANGERS AND JOINT BOOK RUNNERS













 



TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
Page

1

12

 
2.1
 
The Facility
12

 
2.2
 
Advances
12

 
2.3
 
Increases and Reductions of the Aggregate Commitment
13

 
2.4
 
Method of Borrowing
15

 
2.5
 
Facility Fee
15

 
2.6
 
Minimum Amount of Each Advance
15

 
2.7
 
Optional Principal Payments
15

 
2.8
 
Changes in Interest Rate, etc.
15

 
2.9
 
Rates Applicable After Default
16

 
2.10
 
Method of Payment
16

 
2.11
 
Evidence of Indebtedness; Recordkeeping
16

 
2.12
 
Telephonic Notices
17

 
2.13
 
Interest Payment Dates; Interest and Fee Basis
17

 
2.14
 
Notification of Advances, Interest Rates, Prepayments and Commitment Reductions
17

 
2.15
 
Lending Installations
17

 
2.16
 
Non-Receipt of Funds by the Agent
17

 
2.17
 
Replacement of Lender
18

 
2.18
 
Extension of Final Termination Date
18

 
2.19
 
Letters of Credit
19

 
2.20
 
Cash Collateral
26

 
2.21
 
Defaulting Lenders
27

ARTICLE III  YIELD PROTECTION; TAXES
28

 
3.1
 
Yield Protection
28

 
3.2
 
Changes in Capital Adequacy Regulations
29

 
3.3
 
Availability of Types of Advances
29

 
3.4
 
Funding Indemnification
29

 
3.5
 
Taxes
29

 
3.6
 
Lender Statements; Survival of Indemnity
32

ARTICLE IV  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
32

 
4.1
 
Effectiveness
32

 
4.2
 
Each Credit Extension
33

ARTICLE V  REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
33

 
5.1
 
Corporate Existence
33

 
5.2
 
Litigation and Contingent Obligations
34

 
5.3
 
No Breach
34

 
5.4
 
Corporate Action
34

 
5.5
 
Approvals
34

 
5.6
 
Use of Loans
34

 
5.7
 
ERISA
35

 
5.8
 
Taxes
35

 
5.9
 
Subsidiaries
35

 
 
 
 
 



 
5.10
 
No Material Adverse Change
35

 
5.11
 
Financial Statements
35

 
5.12
 
No Material Misstatements
35

 
5.13
 
Properties
36

 
5.14
 
Environmental Matters
36

 
5.15
 
Investment Company Act
36

ARTICLE VI  COVENANTS
36

 
6.1
 
Preservation of Existence and Business
36

 
6.2
 
Preservation of Property
37

 
6.3
 
Payment of Taxes
37

 
6.4
 
Compliance with Applicable Laws and Contracts
37

 
6.5
 
Preservation of Loan Document Enforceability
37

 
6.6
 
Insurance
37

 
6.7
 
Use of Proceeds
37

 
6.8
 
Visits, Inspections and Discussions
37

 
6.9
 
Information to Be Furnished
38

 
6.10
 
Liens
39

 
6.11
 
Indebtedness to Capitalization Ratio
41

 
6.12
 
Merger or Consolidation
41

 
6.13
 
Disposition of Assets
41

ARTICLE VII  DEFAULTS
42

43

 
8.1
 
Acceleration
43

 
8.2
 
Amendments
43

 
8.3
 
Preservation of Rights
44

ARTICLE IX  GENERAL PROVISIONS
44

 
9.1
 
Survival of Representations
44

 
9.2
 
Governmental Regulation
44

 
9.3
 
Headings
44

 
9.4
 
Entire Agreement
44

 
9.5
 
Several Obligations; Benefits of this Agreement
45

 
9.6
 
Expenses; Indemnification
45

 
9.7
 
Numbers of Documents
45

 
9.8
 
Accounting
45

 
9.9
 
Severability of Provisions
46

 
9.10
 
Nonliability of Lenders
46

 
9.11
 
Confidentiality
46

 
9.12
 
Nonreliance
47

 
9.13
 
No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship
47

 
9.14
 
USA PATRIOT ACT NOTIFICATION
47

 
9.15
 
Letter of Credit Amounts
47

ARTICLE X  THE AGENT
47

 
10.1
 
Appointment; Nature of Relationship
47

 
10.2
 
Powers
48

 
10.3
 
General Immunity
48

 
10.4
 
Responsibility for Loans, Recitals, etc.
48




 
10.5
 
Action on Instructions of Lenders
48

 
10.6
 
Employment of Agents and Counsel
49

 
10.7
 
Reliance on Documents; Counsel
49

 
10.8
 
Agent's Reimbursement and Indemnification
49

 
10.9
 
Notice of Default
49

 
10.10
 
Rights as a Lender
49

 
10.11
 
Lender Credit Decision
50

 
10.12
 
Successor Agent
50

 
10.13
 
Agent and Arranger Fees
51

 
10.14
 
Delegation to Affiliates
51

 
10.15
 
Other Agents
51

ARTICLE XI  SETOFF; RATABLE PAYMENTS
51

 
11.1
 
Setoff
51

 
11.2
 
Ratable Payments
51

52

 
12.1
 
Successors and Assigns
52

 
12.2
 
Participations
52

 
12.3
 
Assignments
53

 
12.4
 
Dissemination of Information
55

 
12.5
 
Tax Treatment
55

 
12.6
 
Designation of SPVs
55

ARTICLE XIII  NOTICES
57

 
13.1
 
Notices
57

 
13.2
 
Change of Address
57

ARTICLE XIV  COUNTERPARTS
58

ARTICLE XV  CHOICE OF LAW; CONSENT TO JURISDICTION
58

 
15.1
 
CHOICE OF LAW
58

 
15.2
 
CONSENT TO JURISDICTION
58


SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1
PRICING SCHEDULE
SCHEDULE 2
COMMITMENTS
SCHEDULE 3
INDEBTEDNESS EXCEPTIONS
SCHEDULE 5.2
LITIGATION
SCHEDULE 5.9
SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE 13.1
NOTICE ADDRESSES


EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT A
FORM OF ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT B
FORM OF OPINION OF BORROWER'S COUNSEL
EXHIBIT C
FORM OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE
EXHIBIT D
FORM OF NOTE
EXHIBIT E
FORM OF BORROWING NOTICE
EXHIBIT F
FORM OF CONVERSION/CONTINUATION NOTICE




This CREDIT AGREEMENT, dated as of December 8, 2011, is among Portland General Electric Company (the "Borrower"), the Lenders party hereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders.

The parties hereto agree as follows:


ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

As used in this Agreement:

"Adjusted Eurodollar Rate" means, with respect to a Eurodollar Advance for the relevant Interest Period, the quotient of (a) the Eurodollar Base Rate applicable to such Interest Period, divided by (b) one minus the Reserve Requirement (expressed as a decimal) applicable to such Interest Period.

"Advance" means a borrowing hereunder (i) made by the Lenders on the same Borrowing Date, or (ii) converted or continued by the Lenders on the same date of conversion or continuation, consisting, in either case, of the aggregate amount of the several Loans of the same Type and, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, for the same Interest Period.

"Affected Lender" is defined in Section 2.17.

"Affiliate" of any Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person.

"Agent" means Bank of America, in its capacity as administrative agent for and contractual representative of the Lenders pursuant to Article X, and not in its individual capacity as a Lender, and any successor Agent appointed pursuant to Article X.

"Aggregate Commitment" means the aggregate of the Commitments of all the Lenders, as changed from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof. The Aggregate Commitment as of the date of this Agreement is THREE HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS ($300,000,000).

"Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure" means, at any time, the aggregate of the Outstanding Credit Exposure of all the Lenders.

"Agreement" means this Credit Agreement, as amended or otherwise modified from time to time.

"Agreement Accounting Principles" means United States generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time to time, applied in a manner consistent with that used in preparing the financial statements referred to in Section 5.11.

"Alternate Base Rate" means, for any day, a floating rate of interest per annum equal to the highest of (i) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its "prime rate", (ii) the sum of Federal Funds Effective Rate for such day plus 0.50% per annum and (iii) the sum of (a) the quotient of (x) LIBOR applicable for a one month U.S. dollar deposit on such day (or if such day is not a Business Day, the immediately preceding Business Day) divided by (y) one minus the Reserve Requirement (expressed as a decimal) applicable to a Eurodollar Advance with a one-month Interest



Period plus (b) 1.00%. The "prime rate" is a rate set by Bank of America based on various factors including Bank of America's costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above or below such announced rate. Any change in such "prime rate" announced by Bank of America shall take place at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change.

"Applicable Margin" means, for any day, (i) with respect to the Eurodollar Rate, the percentage rate per annum opposite the heading "Applicable Eurodollar Margin" in the Pricing Schedule which is applicable at such time, (ii) with respect to the Floating Rate, the percentage rate per annum opposite the heading "Applicable ABR Margin" in the Pricing Schedule which is applicable at such time and (iii) with respect to Letter of Credit Fees, the percentage rate per annum opposite the heading "Letter of Credit Fees" in the Pricing Schedule which is applicable at such time.

"Approved Fund" means any Fund that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.

"Arrangers" means Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Barclays Capital, the investment banking division of Barclays Bank PLC and their respective successors, in their capacity as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners.

"Assignee Group" means two or more assignees that are Affiliates of one another or two or more Approved Funds managed by the same investment advisor.

"Article" means an article of this Agreement unless another document is specifically referenced.

"Assignment Agreement" means an Assignment Agreement in the form of Exhibit A.

"Bank of America" means Bank of America, N.A.

"Benefit Plan" of any Person, means, at any time, any employee benefit plan (including a Multiemployer Benefit Plan), the funding requirements of which (under Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code) are, or at any time within six years immediately preceding the time in question were, in whole or in part, the responsibility of such Person.

"Borrower" is defined in the preamble.

"Borrowing Date" means a date on which an Advance is made hereunder.

"Borrowing Notice" is defined in Section 2.2(c).

"Business Day" means (i) with respect to any borrowing, payment or rate selection of Eurodollar Advances, a day that is also a London Banking Day and (ii) for all other purposes, a day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which banks generally are open in California for the conduct of substantially all of their commercial lending activities and interbank wire transfers can be made on the Fedwire system.

"Capitalized Lease" of a Person means any lease of Property by such Person as lessee which would be capitalized on a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles.

"Capitalized Lease Obligations" of a Person means the amount of the obligations of such Person


2


under Capitalized Leases which would be shown as a liability on a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles.

"Cash Collateralize" means to pledge and deposit with or deliver to the Agent, for the benefit of the Agent or the L/C Issuers and the Lenders, as collateral for L/C Obligations or obligations of Lenders to fund participations in respect thereof, cash or deposit account balances or, if the applicable L/C Issuer benefitting from such collateral shall agree in its sole discretion, other credit support, in each case pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to (a) the Agent and (b) the applicable L/C Issuer. "Cash Collateral" shall have a meaning correlative to the foregoing and shall include the proceeds of such cash collateral and other credit support.

"Change in Control" means the acquisition by any Person, or two or more Persons acting in concert, of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d3 of the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of 30% or more of the outstanding shares of voting stock of the Borrower.

"Change in Law" means the occurrence, after the Effective Date, of any of the following: (a) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (c) the making or issuance of any request, rule, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority; provided that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (x) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (y) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a "Change in Law", regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.

"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, reformed or otherwise modified from time to time.

"Commitment" means, for each Lender, the obligation of such Lender (a) to make Loans to the Borrower and (b) to purchase participations in L/C Obligations, in an aggregate amount not exceeding the amount set forth on Schedule 2 or as set forth in any Assignment Agreement relating to any assignment that has become effective pursuant to Section 12.3(a), as such amount may be modified from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof.

"Consolidated Indebtedness" means at any time all Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis as of such time.

"Conversion/Continuation Notice" is defined in Section 2.2(d).

"Credit Extension" means each of the following: (a) an Advance and (b) an L/C Credit Extension.

"Debt" means any liability that constitutes "debt" or "Debt" under Section 101(11) of the United States Bankruptcy Code or under the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any analogous applicable law, rule or regulation, Governmental Approval, order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or Governmental Authority.

"Default" means an event described in Article VII.



3


"Defaulting Lender" means, subject to Section 2.21(b), any Lender that, as determined by the Agent, (a) has failed to perform any of its funding obligations hereunder, including in respect of its Loans or participations in respect of Letters of Credit, within three Business Days of the date required to be funded by it hereunder, (b) has notified the Borrower or the Agent that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations or has made a public statement to that effect with respect to its funding obligations hereunder or under other agreements in which it commits to extend credit, (c) has failed, within three Business Days after written request by the Agent, to confirm in writing to the Agent that it will comply with its funding obligations, or (d) has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (i) become the subject of a proceeding under any bankruptcy or similar debtor relief law, (ii) had a receiver, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or a custodian appointed for it, or (iii) taken any action in furtherance of, or indicated its consent to, approval of or acquiescence in any such proceeding or appointment; provided that a Lender shall not be a Defaulting Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any equity interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender.

"Disclosure Documents" means (i) the Borrower's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, (ii) the Borrower's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2011, June 30, 2011 and September 30, 2011, and (iii) the Borrower's reports on Form 8-K since the date of the most recent Quarterly Report referred to in clause (ii) and prior to the date hereof, in each case filed with the SEC.

"Effective Date" is defined in Section 4.1.

"Environmental Laws" means any and all federal, state, local and foreign statutes, laws, judicial decisions, regulations, ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, injunctions, permits, grants, franchises, licenses, agreements and other governmental restrictions relating to (i) the protection of the environment, (ii) the effect of the environment on human health, (iii) emissions, discharges or releases of pollutants, contaminants, hazardous substances or wastes into surface water, ground water or land, or (iv) the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of pollutants, contaminants, hazardous substances or wastes or the clean‑up or other remediation thereof.

"ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, and any rule or regulation issued thereunder.

"ERISA Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, any other Person, including a Subsidiary or other Affiliate of such first Person, that is a member of any group of organizations within the meaning of Code Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of which such first Person is a member.

"Eurodollar Advance" means an Advance which bears interest at a Eurodollar Rate requested by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.2.

"Eurodollar Base Rate" means, with respect to a Eurodollar Advance for the relevant Interest Period, LIBOR quoted two (2) London Banking Days prior to the first day of such Interest Period, applicable to dollar deposits with a maturity equal to such Interest Period. If such rate is not available at such time for any reason, then "LIBOR" for such Interest Period shall be the rate per annum determined by the Agent to be the rate at which deposits in U.S. dollars for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period in same day


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funds in the approximate amount of the Eurodollar Advance being made, continued or converted by the Agent and with a term equivalent to such Interest Period would be offered by the Agent's London Branch to major banks in the London interbank eurodollar market at their request at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two London Banking Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period.

"Eurodollar Loan" means a Loan which bears interest at a Eurodollar Rate requested by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.2.

"Eurodollar Rate" means, with respect to a Eurodollar Advance for the relevant Interest Period, the sum of (i) Adjusted Eurodollar Rate applicable to such Interest Period, plus (ii) the Applicable Margin.

"Excluded Taxes" means, in the case of each Lender or applicable Lending Installation and the Agent, (A) taxes imposed on its overall net income, and franchise taxes or gross revenue taxes in the nature of net income taxes, including without limitation the Washington Business and Occupation Tax, the Ohio Commercial Activity Tax and other similar taxes, by either (i) any jurisdiction under the laws of which such Lender or the Agent is incorporated or organized or (ii) the jurisdiction in which the Agent's or such Lender's principal executive office or such Lender's applicable Lending Installation is located and (B) any U.S. federal withholding taxes imposed under FATCA.

"Exhibit" refers to an exhibit to this Agreement, unless another document is specifically referenced.

"Facility" means the credit facility established under this Agreement.

"Facility Fee Rate" means, at any time, the percentage rate per annum opposite the heading "Facility Fee Rate" in the Pricing Schedule which is applicable at such time.

"FATCA" means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with) and any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof.

"Federal Funds Effective Rate" means, for any day, an interest rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers on such day, as published for such day (or, if such day is not a Business Day, for the immediately preceding Business Day) by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or, if such rate is not so published for any day which is a Business Day, the average of the quotations at approximately 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on such day on such transactions received by the Agent from three Federal funds brokers of recognized standing selected by the Agent in its sole discretion.

"Final Termination Date" means the latest Scheduled Termination Date for any Lender (without giving effect to any extension any Lender may elect to agree to pursuant to Section 2.18 unless and until such extension shall have become effective in accordance with the terms of Section 2.18) or any earlier date on which the Aggregate Commitment is reduced to zero or otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms hereof.

"Floating Rate" means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to (i) the Alternate Base Rate for such day, changing when and as the Alternate Base Rate changes plus (ii) the Applicable Margin.

"Floating Rate Advance" means an Advance which, except as otherwise provided in Section 2.9, bears interest at the Floating Rate.

"Fronting Exposure" means, at any time there is a Defaulting Lender, with respect to the applicable


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L/C Issuer, such Defaulting Lender's Pro Rata Share of the outstanding L/C Obligations other than L/C Obligations as to which such Defaulting Lender's participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof.

"Fund" means any Person (other than a natural person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities.

"Governmental Approval" means any authorization, consent, approval, license or exception of, registration or filing with, or report or notice to, any governmental unit.

"Governmental Authority" means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).

"Granting Lender" is defined in Section 12.6.

"Guaranty" of a Person means any agreement, undertaking or arrangement (including, without limitation, any comfort letter, operating agreement, take or pay contract, application for a letter of credit or the obligations of any such Person as general partner of a partnership with respect to the liabilities of the partnership) by which such Person (i) assumes, guarantees, endorses, contingently agrees to purchase or provide funds for the payment of, or otherwise becomes or is contingently liable upon, the obligation or liability of any other Person, (ii) agrees to maintain the net worth or working capital or other financial condition of any other Person, or (iii) otherwise assures any creditor of such other Person against loss.

"Honor Date" is defined in Section 2.19(c).

"Indebtedness" of a Person means such Person's (i) obligations for borrowed money, (ii) obligations representing the deferred purchase price of Property or services (other than accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of such Person's business payable on terms customary in the trade), (iii) obligations, whether or not assumed, secured by Liens or payable out of the proceeds or production from Property now or hereafter owned or acquired by such Person, (iv) obligations which are evidenced by notes, bankers' acceptances, or other instruments, (v) obligations of such Person to purchase accounts, securities or other Property arising out of or in connection with the sale of the same or substantially similar accounts, securities or Property, (vi) Capitalized Lease Obligations, (vii) any other obligation for borrowed money or other financial accommodation which in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles would be shown as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet of such Person, (viii) net liabilities under interest rate swap, exchange or cap agreements, obligations or other liabilities with respect to accounts or notes, (ix) sale and leaseback transactions which do not create a liability on the consolidated balance sheet of such Person, (x) other transactions which are the functional equivalent, or take the place, of borrowing but which do not constitute a liability on the consolidated balance sheet of such Person and (xi) Guaranties of Indebtedness; provided that there shall be excluded from this definition (1) (except for the purposes of Section 7.5) Interest Deferral Obligations up to an amount outstanding at any one time equal to 15% of the amount described in clause (a) of the definition of "Total Capitalization," excluding in the calculation thereof for the purposes of this proviso, however, preferred and preference stock, and (2) the agreements listed on Schedule 3 and similar agreements entered into for the operation and maintenance of power plants or the purchase of power or transmission services (provided, for the avoidance of doubt, that this Agreement shall not be deemed to be such an agreement as a result of it being available to support collateral requirements under the Borrower's energy


6


purchase and sale agreements).

"Interest Deferral Obligations" means obligations and guaranties related thereto, which obligations and guaranties are junior and subordinated in all respects to all amounts owing under the Loan Documents, that contain provisions allowing the obligor to extend the interest payment period from time to time and defer any interest payments (however denominated) due during such extended interest payment period.

"Interest Period" means with respect to a Eurodollar Advance, a period of one, two, three or six months commencing on a Business Day selected by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement. Such Interest Period shall end on the day which corresponds numerically to such date one, two, three or six months thereafter, provided that if there is no such numerically corresponding day in such next, second, third or sixth succeeding month, such Interest Period shall end on the last Business Day of such next, second, third or sixth succeeding month. If an Interest Period would otherwise end on a day which is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall end on the next succeeding Business Day, provided that if said next succeeding Business Day falls in a new calendar month, such Interest Period shall end on the immediately preceding Business Day. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement the Borrower may not select any Interest Period that would extend beyond the Scheduled Termination Date of any Lender.

"ISP" means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the "International Standby Practices 1998" published by the Institute of International Banking Law & Practice, Inc. (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the time of issuance).

"Issuer Documents" means with respect to any Letter of Credit, the Letter of Credit Application, and any other document, agreement and instrument entered into by a L/C Issuer and the Borrower (or any Subsidiary) or in favor of such L/C Issuer and relating to such Letter of Credit.

"L/C Advance" means, with respect to each Lender, such Lender's funding of its participation in any L/C Borrowing in accordance with its Pro Rata Share.

"L/C Borrowing" means an extension of credit resulting from a drawing under any Letter of Credit which has not been reimbursed on the date when made or refinanced as an Advance of Loans.

"L/C Commitment" means, as to each L/C Issuer, its obligation to issue Letters of Credit to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.19; provided that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement, including without limitation, the size of the Letter of Credit Sublimit, (a) Bank of America, as an L/C Issuer, shall not be obligated to issue Letters of Credit in an aggregate amount outstanding at any one time in excess of $75,000,000 and (b) Barclays Bank PLC, as an L/C Issuer, shall not be obligated to issue Letters of Credit in an aggregate amount outstanding at any one time in excess of $75,000,000.

"L/C Credit Extension" means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the issuance thereof or extension of the expiry date thereof, or the increase of the amount thereof.

"L/C Issuer" means, with respect to a particular Letter of Credit, (a) Bank of America or Barclays Bank PLC in its capacity as issuer of such Letter of Credit, (b) any other Lender that agrees to issue Letters of Credit hereunder, in each case, in its capacity as an issuer of such Letter of Credit hereunder and/or (c) any successor issuer of Letters of Credit hereunder. The term "L/C Issuer" when used with respect to a Letter of Credit or the L/C Obligations relating to a Letter of Credit shall refer to the L/C Issuer that issued such Letter of Credit.

"L/C Obligations" means, as at any date of determination, the aggregate amount available to be


7


drawn under all outstanding Letters of Credit plus the aggregate of all Unreimbursed Amounts, including all L/C Borrowings. For purposes of computing the amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 9.15. For all purposes of this Agreement, if on any date of determination a Letter of Credit has expired by its terms but any amount may still be drawn thereunder by reason of the operation of Rule 3.14 of the ISP, such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be "outstanding" in the amount so remaining available to be drawn.

"Lender Funding Obligation" is defined in Section 12.6(a).

"Lenders" means the financial institutions from time to time parties hereto as lenders, together with their respective successors and assigns, and including, as the context requires, the L/C Issuers.

"Lending Installation" means, with respect to a Lender or the Agent, the office, branch, subsidiary or affiliate of such Lender or the Agent listed on Schedule 13.1 or otherwise selected by such Lender or the Agent pursuant to Section 2.15.

"Letter of Credit" means any standby letter of credit issued hereunder.

"Letter of Credit Application" means an application and agreement for the issuance or amendment of a letter of credit in the form from time to time in use by the applicable L/C Issuer.

"Letter of Credit Expiration Date" means the day that is thirty days prior to the Scheduled Termination Date then in effect (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next preceding Business Day).

"Letter of Credit Fee" has the meaning specified in Section 2.19(h).

"Letter of Credit Sublimit" means an amount equal to the lesser of (a) the Aggregate Commitments and (b) $150,000,000. The Letter of Credit Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Commitments.

"LIBOR" means the British Bankers' Association ("BBA") LIBOR Rate offered to leading banks for deposits in U.S. dollars, as set forth on any service selected by the Agent which has been nominated by the BBA as an authorized information vendor for the purpose of displaying such rates, at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time).

"Lien" means any lien (statutory or other), mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance or preference, priority or other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever (including, without limitation, the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale, Capitalized Lease or other title retention agreement).

"Loan" means, with respect to a Lender, any loan made by such Lender pursuant to Article II (including, in the case of a loan made pursuant to Section 2.2, any conversion or continuation thereof).

"Loan Documents" means this Agreement, each Note, each Issuer Document and any agreement creating or perfecting rights in Cash Collateral pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.20.

"London Banking Day" means any day on which dealings in Dollar deposits are conducted by and between banks in the London interbank eurodollar market.

"Margin Stock" means margin stock as defined in Regulation U.


8



"Material Adverse Effect" means a material adverse effect on (i) the business or financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (ii) the ability of the Borrower to perform its obligations under the Loan Documents, or (iii) the validity or enforceability of any of the Loan Documents against the Borrower or the material rights or remedies of the Agent or the Lenders thereunder, it being understood that if the Moody's Rating and/or the S&P Rating (as such terms are defined in the Pricing Schedule) is downgraded to Baa3 or below or BBB- or below, respectively, such downgrade in and of itself shall not constitute a Material Adverse Effect (but shall only constitute a Material Adverse Effect if such downgrade results in a material adverse effect of the type described in clause (i) or (ii) above).

"Material Indebtedness" is defined in Section 7.5.

"Moody's" means Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and any successor thereto.

"Mortgage" is defined in Section 6.10(v).

"Multiemployer Benefit Plan" means any Benefit Plan that is a multiemployer plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA.

"Note" is defined in Section 2.11.

"Obligations" means all unpaid principal of and accrued and unpaid interest with respect to any Loan or Letter of Credit, all accrued and unpaid fees and all expenses, reimbursements, indemnities and other obligations of the Borrower to the Lenders or to any Lender, the Agent or any indemnified party arising under the Loan Documents.

"Other Agents" is defined in Section 10.15.

"Other Taxes" is defined in Section 3.5(ii).

"Outstanding Credit Exposure" means, as to any Lender at any time, the sum of (a) the aggregate principal amount of its Loans outstanding at such time plus (b) its Pro Rata Share of all L/C Obligations outstanding at such time.

"Participants" is defined in Section 12.2(a).

"Payment Date" means the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December.

"PBGC" means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, or any successor thereto.

"Person" means any natural person, corporation, firm, joint venture, partnership, limited liability company, association, enterprise, trust or other entity or organization, or any government or political subdivision or any agency, department or instrumentality thereof.

"Pricing Schedule" means Schedule 1 attached hereto.

"Property" of a Person means any and all property, whether real, personal, tangible, intangible, or mixed, of such Person, or other assets owned or leased by such Person.

"Pro Rata Share" means, with respect to any Lender, the percentage that the amount of such Lender's


9


Commitment is of the Aggregate Commitment (or, if the Commitments have terminated, that such Lender's Outstanding Credit Exposure is of the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure). The Pro Rata Share of a Lender shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.21.

"Purchaser" means any Person that meets the requirements to be an assignee under Sections 12.3(a)(iii) and (v) (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 12.3(a)(iii)).

"Regulation D" means Regulation D of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as from time to time in effect and any successor thereto or other regulation or official interpretation of said Board of Governors relating to reserve requirements applicable to member banks of the Federal Reserve System.

"Regulation U" means Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as from time to time in effect and any successor or other regulation or official interpretation of said Board of Governors relating to the extension of credit by banks for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock applicable to member banks of the Federal Reserve System.

"Reportable Event" means a reportable event described in Section 4043 of ERISA.

"Required Lenders" means Lenders in the aggregate having more than 50% of the Aggregate Commitment or, if the Aggregate Commitment has been terminated, Lenders in the aggregate holding more than 50% of the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure; provided, however, that if any Lender shall be a Defaulting Lender at such time then there shall be excluded from the determination of Required Lenders the Commitment (or, if the Aggregate Commitment has been terminated, the Outstanding Credit Exposure) of such Lender at such time.

"Reserve Requirement" means, with respect to an Interest Period, the maximum aggregate reserve requirement (including all basic, supplemental, marginal and other reserves) which is imposed under Regulation D on Eurocurrency liabilities.

"SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

"Schedule" refers to a specific schedule to this Agreement, unless another document is specifically referenced.

"Scheduled Termination Date" means, for any Lender, December 8, 2016 or such later date as may be established for such Lender in accordance with Section 2.18.

"Section" means a numbered section of this Agreement, unless another document is specifically referenced.

"Significant Subsidiary" means a "significant subsidiary" (as defined in Regulation S-X of the SEC as in effect on the date of this Agreement) of the Borrower.

"SPV" is defined in Section 12.6.

"Subsidiary" of a Person means (i) any corporation more than 50% of the outstanding securities having ordinary voting power of which shall at the time be owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, or (ii) any partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture or similar business organization


10


more than 50% of the ownership interests having ordinary voting power of which shall at the time be so owned or controlled. Unless otherwise expressly provided, all references herein to a "Subsidiary" shall mean a Subsidiary of the Borrower.

"Substantial Portion" means, with respect to the Property of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, Property which (i) represents more than 25% of the consolidated assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as would be shown in the consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the beginning of the twelve-month period ending with the month in which such determination is made, or (ii) is responsible for more than 25% of the consolidated net sales or of the consolidated net income of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as reflected in the financial statements referred to in clause (i) above.

"Tax-Free Debt" means Debt of the Borrower to a state, territory or possession of the United States or any political subdivision thereof issued in a transaction in which such state, territory, possession or political subdivision issued obligations the interest on which is excludable from gross income pursuant to the provisions of Section 103 of the Code (or similar provisions), as in effect at the time of issuance of such obligations, and debt to a bank issuing a letter of credit with respect to the principal of or interest on such obligations.

"Taxes" means any and all present or future taxes, duties, levies, imposts, charges or withholdings imposed by or payable to any governmental or regulatory authority or agency, and any and all liabilities with respect to the foregoing, but excluding Excluded Taxes and Other Taxes.

"Total Capitalization" means, at any time, the sum of the following for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles (without duplication and excluding minority interests in Subsidiaries):

(a)    the amount of capital stock, including preferred and preference stock (less cost of treasury shares), plus any amounts deducted from stockholders' equity as unearned compensation on the Borrower's balance sheet, plus (or minus in the case of a deficit) capital surplus and earned surplus, but including current sinking fund obligations; plus

(b)    the aggregate outstanding principal amount of Interest Deferral Obligations excluded by the proviso in the definition of "Indebtedness"; plus

(c)    the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all Consolidated Indebtedness.

"Transferee" is defined in Section 12.4.

"Type" means, with respect to any Advance, its nature as a Floating Rate Advance or a Eurodollar Advance.

"Unmatured Default" means an event which but for the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a Default.

"Unreimbursed Amount" is defined in Section 2.19(c)(i).

The foregoing definitions shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the defined terms.




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ARTICLE II

THE CREDITS

2.1    The Facility.

(a)    Description of Facility. The Lenders grant to the Borrower a revolving credit facility pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth:

(i)    each Lender severally agrees to make Loans to the Borrower in accordance with Section 2.2;

(ii)    each L/C Issuer agrees to issue Letters of Credit for the account of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with Section 2.19; and

(iii)    each Lender severally agrees to participate in the Letters of Credit in accordance with Section 2.19.

(b)    Amount of Facility. In no event may the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure exceed the Aggregate Commitment.

(c)    Availability of Facility. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Facility is available from the Effective Date to the Final Termination Date, and the Borrower may borrow, repay and reborrow at any time prior to the Final Termination Date; provided that, if not earlier terminated in accordance with the terms hereof, the Commitment of each Lender shall expire on such Lender's Scheduled Termination Date.

(d)    Repayment of Facility. The Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure and all other unpaid Obligations (to the extent that such Obligations have accrued and the amount thereof has been determined) shall be paid in full by the Borrower on the Final Termination Date; provided that, if not earlier paid in accordance with the terms hereof, all of the Outstanding Credit Exposure of each Lender and all other Obligations owed to such Lender shall be paid on such Lender's Scheduled Termination Date.

2.2    Advances.

(a)    Advances. Each Advance hereunder shall consist of Loans made by the several Lenders ratably according to their Pro Rata Share.

(b)    Types of Advances. The Advances may be Floating Rate Advances or Eurodollar Advances, or a combination thereof, as selected by the Borrower in accordance with Section 2.2(c).

(c)    Method of Selecting Types and Interest Periods for Advances. The Borrower shall select the Type of Advance and, in the case of each Eurodollar Advance, the Interest Period applicable thereto, from time to time. The Borrower shall give the Agent irrevocable notice in substantially the form of Exhibit E hereto (a "Borrowing Notice") not later than 11:30 a.m. (New York time) on the Borrowing Date of each Floating Rate Advance and at least three (3) Business Days before the Borrowing Date for each Eurodollar Advance. Each Borrowing Notice shall specify:

(i)    the Borrowing Date, which shall be a Business Day, of such Advance,


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(ii)    the aggregate amount of such Advance,

(iii)    the Type of Advance selected, and

(iv)    in the case of each Eurodollar Advance, the Interest Period applicable thereto.

(d)    Conversion and Continuation of Outstanding Advances. Floating Rate Advances shall continue as Floating Rate Advances unless and until such Floating Rate Advances are either converted into Eurodollar Advances in accordance with this Section 2.2(d) or are repaid in accordance with Section 2.7. Each Eurodollar Advance shall continue as a Eurodollar Advance until the end of the then applicable Interest Period therefor, at which time such Eurodollar Advance shall be automatically converted into a Floating Rate Advance unless (x) such Eurodollar Advance is or was repaid in accordance with Section 2.7 or (y) the Borrower shall have given the Agent a Conversion/Continuation Notice (as defined below) requesting that, at the end of such Interest Period, such Eurodollar Advance continue as a Eurodollar Advance for the same or another Interest Period. Subject to the terms of Section 2.6, the Borrower may elect from time to time to convert all or any part of a Floating Rate Advance into a Eurodollar Advance. The Borrower shall give the Agent irrevocable notice in substantially the form of Exhibit F hereto (a "Conversion/Continuation Notice") of each conversion of a Floating Rate Advance into a Eurodollar Advance, or continuation of a Eurodollar Advance, not later than 11:30 a.m. (New York time) at least three (3) Business Days prior to the date of the requested conversion or continuation, specifying:

(i)    the requested date, which shall be a Business Day, of such conversion or continuation,

(ii)    the aggregate amount and Type of the Advance which is to be converted or continued, and

(iii)    the amount of such Advance which is to be converted or continued as a Eurodollar Advance and the duration of the Interest Period applicable thereto.

2.3    Increases and Reductions of the Aggregate Commitment.

(a)    Increases of the Aggregate Commitment. The Borrower may increase the Aggregate Commitment by up to $100,000,000 in the aggregate in one or more increases, at any time prior to the date that is six months prior to the Scheduled Termination Date, upon at least five Business Days' prior written notice to the Agent, subject, however, in any such case, to satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

(i)    the Aggregate Commitment shall not exceed $400,000,000 without the consent of the Required Lenders;

(ii)    no Default or Unmatured Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date on which such increase is to become effective;
        
(iii)    the representations and warranties contained in Article V are true and correct in all material respects as of the date such increase is to become effective, except to the extent any such representation or warranty is stated to relate solely to an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty shall have been true and correct in all material


13


respects on and as of such earlier date.

(iv)    such increase shall be in a minimum amount of $10,000,000 and in integral multiples of $5,000,000 in excess thereof;

(v)    such requested increase shall only be effective upon receipt by the Agent of (A) additional Commitments in a corresponding amount of such requested increase from either existing Lenders and/or one or more other institutions that qualify as Purchasers (it being understood and agreed that no existing Lender shall be required to provide an additional Commitment) and (B) documentation from each institution providing an additional Commitment evidencing its additional Commitment and its obligations under this Agreement in form and substance acceptable to the Agent;

(vi)    the Agent shall have received all documents (including resolutions of the board of directors of the Borrower) it may reasonably request relating to the corporate or other necessary authority for such increase and the validity of such increase in the Aggregate Commitment, and any other matters relevant thereto, all in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent;

(vii)    if any Loans are outstanding at the time of the increase in the Aggregate Commitment, the Borrower shall, if applicable, prepay one or more existing Loans (such prepayment to be subject to Section 3.4) in an amount necessary such that after giving effect to the increase in the Aggregate Commitment, each Lender will hold its Pro Rata Share (based on its Pro Rata Share of the increased Aggregate Commitment) of outstanding Loans;

(viii)    the Agent shall have received evidence, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, that the Borrower has obtained the approval of the Public Utility Commission of Oregon to increase in the Aggregate Commitment; and

(ix)    approval of the Borrower's Board of Directors to increase the Aggregate Commitment.

(b)    Reductions of the Aggregate Commitment.

(i)    The Borrower may terminate or permanently reduce the Aggregate Commitment (i) in part ratably among the Lenders in integral multiples of $5,000,000, upon at least five (5) Business Days' written notice to the Agent, which notice shall specify the amount of any such reduction, or (ii) in whole upon at least one (1) Business Days' written notice to the Agent, provided that in either case the amount of the Aggregate Commitment may not be reduced below the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure. If the Aggregate Commitment is being terminated in whole, all fees accrued with respect to thereto until the effective date of such termination shall be paid on the effective date of such termination and upon receipt of all amounts owed, the Loan Documents shall be terminated.

(ii)    The Aggregate Commitment shall be reduced to zero following the occurrence of a Change in Control upon the Borrower's receipt of notice thereof from the Required Lenders (or the Agent with the consent of the Required Lenders).

(iii)    On the Scheduled Termination Date for each Lender, the Aggregate Commitment shall be reduced by the amount of the Commitment of such Lender as in effect


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immediately prior to such date (and the Pro Rata Shares of the Lenders shall be adjusted accordingly).

(iv)    For the avoidance of doubt, in the event and on such occasion that (1) Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure exceeds the Aggregate Commitment, the Borrower shall concurrently therewith prepay Advances in an aggregate amount equal to such excess; provided, however, that (1) if, after giving effect to any reduction of the Aggregate Commitment, the Letter of Credit Sublimit exceeds the amount of the Aggregate Commitment, the Letter of Credit Sublimit shall be automatically reduced by the amount of such excess and (2) in the event that Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure exceeds the Aggregate Commitment as a result of a reduction in the Aggregate Commitment pursuant to subsection (b)(ii) above, the Borrower shall not be required to prepay Advances in an aggregate amount equal to such excess unless and until the Borrower shall have received written notice thereof from the Required Lenders (or from the Agent with the consent of the Required Lenders).

2.4    Method of Borrowing. Not later than 1:00 p.m. (New York time) on each Borrowing Date, each Lender shall make available its Loan or Loans in funds immediately available to the Agent at its address specified pursuant to Article XIII. The Agent will make the funds so received from the Lenders available to the Borrower on the day received and in the form received, at the Borrower's account specified by the Borrower to the Agent.

2.5    Facility Fee. The Borrower agrees to pay to the Agent for the account of each Lender a facility fee at a per annum rate equal to the Facility Fee Rate on the average daily amount of such Lender's Commitment (whether used or unused) from the date hereof to and including such Lender's Scheduled Termination Date (and, if any Loans from such Lender or L/C Obligations of such Lender remain outstanding after such Lender's Scheduled Termination Date, thereafter on the unpaid amount of such Lender's Outstanding Credit Exposure), payable on each Payment Date and on such Lender's Scheduled Termination Date (and thereafter, if applicable, on demand), subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.21

2.6    Minimum Amount of Each Advance. Each Advance shall be in the minimum amount of $5,000,000 (or a higher integral multiple of $1,000,000), provided that any Floating Rate Advance may be in the amount of the unused Aggregate Commitment. The Borrower shall not request a Eurodollar Advance if, after giving effect to the requested Eurodollar Advance, more than ten (10) separate Eurodollar Advances would be outstanding.

2.7    Optional Principal Payments. The Borrower may from time to time pay, without penalty or premium, all outstanding Floating Rate Advances, or, in a minimum aggregate amount of $5,000,000 or any higher integral multiple of $1,000,000, any portion of the outstanding Floating Rate Advances upon prior notice to the Agent not later than 11:30 a.m. (New York time) on the date of payment (which shall be a Business Day). The Borrower may from time to time pay, subject to the payment of any funding indemnification amounts required by Section 3.4 but without penalty or premium, all outstanding Eurodollar Advances or, in a minimum aggregate amount of $5,000,000 or any higher integral multiple of $1,000,000, any portion of the outstanding Eurodollar Advances upon prior notice to the Agent not later than 1:00 p.m. (New York time) three (3) Business Days prior to the date of payment (which shall be a Business Day).

2.8    Changes in Interest Rate, etc. Each Floating Rate Advance shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof, for each day from and including the date such Advance is made or is converted from a Eurodollar Advance into a Floating Rate Advance pursuant to Section 2.2(d) to but excluding the date it becomes due, is prepaid or is converted into a Eurodollar Advance pursuant to Section 2.2(d), at


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a rate per annum equal to the Floating Rate for such day. Changes in the rate of interest on that portion of any Advance maintained as a Floating Rate Advance will take effect simultaneously with each change in the Alternate Base Rate. Each Eurodollar Advance shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from and including the first day of the Interest Period applicable thereto to (but not including) the last day of such Interest Period or, with respect to any principal amount prepaid pursuant to Section 2.7, the date of such prepayment, at the interest rate determined as applicable to such Eurodollar Advance.

2.9    Rates Applicable After Default. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 2.2(c) or Section 2.2(d), during the continuance of a Default or Unmatured Default the Required Lenders may, at their option, by notice to the Borrower (which notice may be revoked at the option of the Required Lenders notwithstanding any provision of Section 8.2 requiring unanimous consent of the Lenders to changes in interest rates), declare that no Advance may be made as, converted into or continued as a Eurodollar Advance. During the continuance of any such Default, the Required Lenders may, at their option, by notice to the Borrower (which notice may be revoked at the option of the Required Lenders notwithstanding any provision of Section 8.2 requiring unanimous consent of the Lenders to changes in interest rates), declare that (i) each Eurodollar Advance shall bear interest for the remainder of the applicable Interest Period at the rate otherwise applicable to such Interest Period plus 2% per annum, (ii) each Floating Rate Advance (and any Eurodollar Advance which is not paid at the end of the applicable Interest Period) shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Floating Rate plus 2% per annum and (iii) Letter of Credit Fees shall be equal to the Applicable Margin for Letter of Credit Fees plus 2% per annum, provided that, during the continuance of a Default under Section 7.6 or 7.7, the interest rates set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above and the increase in Letter of Credit Fees set forth in clause (iii) above shall be applicable to all applicable Credit Extensions without any election or action on the part of the Agent or any Lender.

2.10    Method of Payment. Except as otherwise provided herein, all payments of the Obligations shall be made, without setoff, deduction, or counterclaim, in immediately available funds to the Agent at the Agent's address specified pursuant to Article XIII, or at any other Lending Installation of the Agent specified in writing by 1:00 p.m. (New York time) on the Business Day prior to the date when due by the Agent to the Borrower. Each payment delivered to the Agent for the account of any Lender shall be delivered promptly by the Agent to such Lender in the same type of funds that the Agent received at its address specified pursuant to Article XIII or at any Lending Installation specified in a notice received by the Agent from such Lender.

2.11    Evidence of Indebtedness; Recordkeeping.

(i)    Each Lender shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice an account or accounts evidencing the indebtedness of the Borrower to such Lender resulting from each Loan made by such Lender from time to time, including the amounts of principal and interest payable and paid to such Lender from time to time hereunder.

(ii)    Upon the request of any Lender, the Loans made by such Lender also may be evidenced by a promissory note in favor of each Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit D (a "Note"). In such event, the Borrower shall prepare, execute and deliver to such Lender a Note payable to the order of such Lender.

(iii)    The Agent shall also maintain accounts in which it will record (a) the amount of each Credit Extension made hereunder, and if applicable, the Type thereof and the Interest Period with respect thereto, (b) the amount of any principal or interest due and payable or to become due and payable from the Borrower to each Lender hereunder and (c) the amount of any sum received by the Agent hereunder from the Borrower and each Lender's share thereof.



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(iv)    The entries set forth in the accounts maintained pursuant to paragraphs (i) and (iii) above, in the absence of manifest error, shall be prima facie evidence of the existence and amounts of the Obligations therein recorded and outstanding hereunder; provided that the failure of the Agent or any Lender to maintain such accounts or any error therein shall not in any manner affect the obligation of the Borrower to repay the Obligations in accordance with their terms.

2.12    Telephonic Notices. The Borrower hereby authorizes the Lenders and the Agent to extend, convert or continue Advances, effect selections of Types of Advances and to transfer funds based on telephonic notices made by any person or persons the Agent or any Lender in good faith believes to be acting on behalf of the Borrower, it being understood that the foregoing authorization is specifically intended to allow Borrowing Notices and Conversion/Continuation Notices to be given telephonically. The Borrower agrees to deliver promptly to the Agent a written confirmation (signed by an authorized representative of the Borrower) of each telephonic notice, if such confirmation is requested by the Agent or any Lender. If the written confirmation differs in any material respect from the action taken by the Agent and the Lenders, the records of the Agent and the Lenders shall govern absent manifest error.

2.13    Interest Payment Dates; Interest and Fee Basis. Interest accrued on each Floating Rate Advance shall be payable on each Payment Date, on any date on which such Floating Rate Advance is prepaid, whether due to acceleration or otherwise, and at maturity. Interest accrued on that portion of the outstanding principal amount of any Floating Rate Advance converted into a Eurodollar Advance on a day other than a Payment Date shall be payable on the date of conversion. Interest accrued on each Eurodollar Advance shall be payable on the last day of its applicable Interest Period, on any date on which such Eurodollar Advance is prepaid, whether by acceleration or otherwise, and at maturity. Interest accrued on each Eurodollar Advance having an Interest Period longer than three months shall also be payable on the last day of each three‑month interval during such Interest Period. Interest on Floating Rate Advances shall be calculated for actual days elapsed on the basis of a 365-day year or, when appropriate, a 366-day year. All other interest and all fees shall be calculated for actual days elapsed on the basis of a 360‑day year. Interest shall be payable for the day an Advance is made but not for the day of any payment on the amount paid if payment is received prior to noon (New York time) at the place of payment. If any payment of principal of or interest on an Advance shall become due on a day which is not a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day and, in the case of a principal payment, such extension of time shall be included in computing interest in connection with such payment.

2.14    Notification of Advances, Interest Rates, Prepayments and Commitment Reductions. Promptly after receipt thereof, the Agent will notify each Lender of the contents of each Aggregate Commitment reduction notice, Borrowing Notice, Conversion/Continuation Notice and repayment notice received by it hereunder; provided, however, that the failure of the Agent to provide such notice to the Lenders shall not affect the validity or binding nature of such notice delivered to the Agent by the Borrower. The Agent will notify each Lender of the interest rate applicable to each Eurodollar Advance promptly upon determination of such interest rate and will give each Lender prompt notice of each change in the Alternate Base Rate.

2.15    Lending Installations. Each Lender may book its Loans at any Lending Installation selected by such Lender and may change its Lending Installation from time to time. All terms of this Agreement shall apply to any such Lending Installation. Each Lender may, by written notice to the Agent and the Borrower in accordance with Article XIII, designate replacement or additional Lending Installations through which Loans will be made by it and for whose account Loan payments are to be made.

2.16    Non-Receipt of Funds by the Agent. Unless the Borrower or a Lender, as the case may be, notifies the Agent prior to the date on which it is scheduled to make payment to the Agent of (i) in the


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case of a Lender, the proceeds of a Loan or (ii) in the case of the Borrower, a payment of principal, interest or fees to the Agent for the account of the Lenders, that it does not intend to make such payment, the Agent may assume that such payment has been made. The Agent may, but shall not be obligated to, make the amount of such payment available to the intended recipient in reliance upon such assumption. If such Lender or the Borrower, as the case may be, has not in fact made such payment to the Agent, the recipient of such payment shall, on demand by the Agent, repay to the Agent the amount so made available together with interest thereon in respect of each day during the period commencing on the date such amount was so made available by the Agent until the date the Agent recovers such amount at a rate per annum equal to (x) in the case of payment by a Lender, the Federal Funds Effective Rate for such day for the first three (3) days and, thereafter, the interest rate applicable to the relevant Loan or (y) in the case of payment by the Borrower, the interest rate applicable to the relevant Loan.

2.17    Replacement of Lender. If (a) the Borrower is required pursuant to Section 3.1, 3.2 or 3.5 to make any additional payment to any Lender or if any Lender's obligation to make or continue, or to convert Floating Rate Advances into, Eurodollar Advances is suspended pursuant to Section 3.3, (b) any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender or (c) any Lender shall have a Scheduled Termination Date that is earlier than the then-effective Final Termination Date (any Lender so affected as described in subclauses (a), (b) or (c), an "Affected Lender"), the Borrower may (but only, in the case of clause (a), if such amounts continue to be charged or such suspension is still effective) elect to replace such Affected Lender as a Lender party to this Agreement, provided that no Default or Unmatured Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such replacement, and provided further that, concurrently with such replacement, (i) another bank or other entity which is reasonably satisfactory to the Borrower, the Agent and the L/C Issuers shall agree, as of such date, to purchase for cash the Credit Extensions due to the Affected Lender pursuant to an Assignment Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A and to become a Lender for all purposes under this Agreement and to assume all obligations of the Affected Lender to be terminated as of such date and to comply with the requirements of Section 12.3 applicable to assignments, and (ii) the Borrower shall pay to such Affected Lender in same day funds on the day of such replacement (A) all interest, fees and other amounts then accrued but unpaid to such Affected Lender by the Borrower hereunder to and including the date of termination, including, without limitation, any payments due to such Affected Lender under Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.5, and (B) an amount, if any, equal to the payment which would have been due to such Lender on the day of such replacement under Section 3.4 had the Loans and L/C Obligations of such Affected Lender been prepaid on such date rather than sold to the replacement Lender.

2.18    Extension of Final Termination Date. The Borrower may request a one-year extension of each Lender's Scheduled Termination Date by submitting a request for an extension to the Agent (an "Extension Request") no more than ninety (90) days, but not less than sixty (60) days, prior to the then-effective Scheduled Termination Date for each of the Lenders. Any Extension Request shall specify the date (which must be at least thirty (30) days after the Extension Request is delivered to the Agent but no later than thirty (30) days prior to the then-effective Scheduled Termination Date for each of the Lenders) as of which the Lenders must respond to such Extension Request (the "Response Date"). Promptly upon receipt of an Extension Request, the Agent shall notify each Lender of the contents thereof. Each Lender shall, not later than the Response Date for any Extension Request, deliver a written response to the Agent approving or rejecting such Extension Request (and any Lender that fails to deliver such a response by the Response Date shall be deemed to have rejected such Extension Request). If (i) Lenders that collectively have a Pro Rata Share of more than 50% approve an Extension Request (which approval shall be at the sole discretion of each Lender) and (ii) all of the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure shall have been paid in full on the then-effective Scheduled Termination Date for each of the Lenders, then the then-effective Final Termination Date, and the Scheduled Termination Date for each such approving Lender, shall be extended to the date that is 364 days after the then-effective Final Termination Date or, if such date is not a Business


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Day, to the next preceding Business Day (but the then-effective Scheduled Termination Date for each other Lender shall remain unchanged). The Agent shall promptly (and in any event not later than twenty-five (25) days prior to the then-effective Scheduled Termination Date for each of the Lenders) notify the Borrower, in writing, of the Lenders' elections pursuant to this Section 2.18. If Lenders that collectively have a Pro Rata Share of 50% or more reject an Extension Request, then the Final Termination Date, and the Scheduled Termination Date of each Lender, shall remain unchanged. The Borrower may elect to replace any declining Lender under this Section 2.18 pursuant to the terms of Section 2.17. Prior to the effectiveness of any Extension Request under this Section 2.18, the Agent shall have received evidence, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, that the Borrower has obtained the approval of the Public Utility Commission of Oregon in connection with such Extension Request.

2.19    Letters of Credit.

(a)    The Letter of Credit Commitment.

(i)    Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, (A) each L/C Issuer agrees, in reliance upon the agreements of the Lenders set forth in this Section 2.19, (1) from time to time on any Business Day during the period from the Effective Date until the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, to issue Letters of Credit in U.S. dollars for the account of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, and to amend or extend Letters of Credit previously issued by it, in accordance with subsection (b) below, and (2) to honor drawings under the Letters of Credit; and (B) the Lenders severally agree to participate in Letters of Credit issued for the account of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries and any drawings thereunder; provided that after giving effect to any L/C Credit Extension with respect to any Letter of Credit, (w) the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure shall not exceed the Aggregate Commitments, (x) the aggregate outstanding amount of the Loans of any Lender, plus such Lender's Pro Rata Share of the outstanding amount of all L/C Obligations, shall not exceed such Lender's Commitment, (y) the outstanding amount of the L/C Obligations shall not exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit and (z) the outstanding amount of L/C Obligations of any L/C Issuer shall not exceed such L/C Issuer's L/C Commitment. Each request by the Borrower for the issuance or amendment of a Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be a representation by the Borrower that the L/C Credit Extension so requested complies with the conditions set forth in the proviso to the preceding sentence. Within the foregoing limits, and subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower's ability to obtain Letters of Credit shall be fully revolving, and accordingly the Borrower may, during the foregoing period, obtain Letters of Credit to replace Letters of Credit that have expired or that have been drawn upon and reimbursed.

(ii)    No L/C Issuer shall issue any Letter of Credit if:

(A)     subject to Section 2.19(b)(iii), the expiry date of such requested Letter of Credit would occur more than twelve months after the date of issuance or last extension, unless the Lenders (other than Defaulting Lenders) holding a majority of the Commitments have approved such expiry date; or

(B)    the expiry date of such requested Letter of Credit would occur after the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, unless all the Lenders that have Commitments have approved such expiry date.

(iii)    No L/C Issuer shall be under any obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if:

(A)    any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator


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shall by its terms purport to enjoin or restrain such L/C Issuer from issuing such Letter of Credit, or any law applicable to such L/C Issuer or any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over such L/C Issuer shall prohibit, or request that such L/C Issuer refrain from, the issuance of letters of credit generally or such Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon such L/C Issuer with respect to such Letter of Credit any restriction, reserve or capital requirement (for which such L/C Issuer is not otherwise compensated hereunder) not in effect on the Effective Date, or shall impose upon such L/C Issuer any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable on the Effective Date and which such L/C Issuer in good faith deems material to it;

(B)    the issuance of such Letter of Credit would violate one or more policies of such L/C Issuer applicable to borrowers generally;

(C)    except as otherwise agreed by the Agent and such L/C Issuer, such Letter of Credit is in an initial stated amount less than $500,000;

(D)    such Letter of Credit is to be denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars;

(E)    such Letter of Credit contains any provisions for automatic reinstatement of the stated amount after any drawing thereunder; or

(F)    any Lender is at that time a Defaulting Lender, unless such L/C Issuer has entered into arrangements, including the delivery of Cash Collateral, satisfactory to such L/C Issuer (in its sole discretion) with the Borrower or such Lender to eliminate such L/C Issuer's actual or potential Fronting Exposure (after giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv)) with respect to the Defaulting Lender arising from either the Letter of Credit then proposed to be issued or that Letter of Credit and all other L/C Obligations as to which such L/C Issuer has actual or potential Fronting Exposure, as it may elect in its sole discretion.

(iv)    No L/C Issuer shall amend any Letter of Credit if such L/C Issuer would not be permitted at such time to issue the Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof.

(v)    No L/C Issuer shall be under any obligation to amend any Letter of Credit if (A) such L/C Issuer would have no obligation at such time to issue the Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof, or (B) the beneficiary of the Letter of Credit does not accept the proposed amendment to the Letter of Credit.

(vi)    Each L/C Issuer shall act on behalf of the Lenders with respect to any Letters of Credit issued by it and the documents associated therewith, and such L/C Issuer shall have all of the benefits and immunities (A) provided to the Agent in Article X with respect to any acts taken or omissions suffered by such L/C Issuer in connection with Letters of Credit issued by it or proposed to be issued by it and Issuer Documents pertaining to such Letters of Credit as fully as if the term "Agent" as used in Article X included such L/C Issuer with respect to such acts or omissions, and (B) as additionally provided herein with respect to such L/C Issuer.

(b)    Procedures for Issuance and Amendment of Letters of Credit; Auto-Extension Letters of Credit.



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(i)    Each Letter of Credit shall be issued or amended, as the case may be, upon the request of the Borrower delivered to the applicable L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Agent) in the form of a Letter of Credit Application, appropriately completed and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower. Such Letter of Credit Application must be received by the applicable L/C Issuer and the Agent not later than 11:00 a.m. (New York time) at least five Business Days (or such later date and time as the Agent and such L/C Issuer may agree in a particular instance in their sole discretion) prior to the proposed issuance date or date of amendment, as the case may be. In the case of a request for an initial issuance of a Letter of Credit, such Letter of Credit Application shall specify in form and detail satisfactory to the applicable L/C Issuer: (A) the proposed issuance date of the requested Letter of Credit (which shall be a Business Day); (B) the amount thereof; (C) the expiry date thereof; (D) the name and address of the beneficiary thereof; (E) the documents to be presented by such beneficiary in case of any drawing thereunder; (F) the full text of any certificate to be presented by such beneficiary in case of any drawing thereunder; (G) the purpose and nature of the requested Letter of Credit; and (H) such other matters as such L/C Issuer may require. In the case of a request for an amendment of any outstanding Letter of Credit, such Letter of Credit Application shall specify in form and detail satisfactory to the applicable L/C Issuer (A) the Letter of Credit to be amended; (B) the proposed date of amendment thereof (which shall be a Business Day); (C) the nature of the proposed amendment; and (D) such other matters as such L/C Issuer may require. Additionally, the Borrower shall furnish to the applicable L/C Issuer and the Agent such other documents and information pertaining to such requested Letter of Credit issuance or amendment, including any Issuer Documents, as such L/C Issuer or the Agent may require.

(ii)    Promptly after receipt of any Letter of Credit Application, the applicable L/C Issuer will confirm with the Agent (by telephone or in writing) that the Agent has received a copy of such Letter of Credit Application from the Borrower and, if not, such L/C Issuer will provide the Agent with a copy thereof. Unless the applicable L/C Issuer has received written notice from any Lender, the Agent or any Loan Party, at least one Business Day prior to the requested date of issuance or amendment of the applicable Letter of Credit, that one or more applicable conditions contained in Article V shall not be satisfied, then, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, such L/C Issuer shall, on the requested date, issue a Letter of Credit for the account of the Borrower or the applicable Subsidiary or enter into the applicable amendment, as the case may be, in each case in accordance with such L/C Issuer's usual and customary business practices. Immediately upon the issuance of each Letter of Credit, each Lender shall be deemed to, and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to, purchase from the applicable L/C Issuer a risk participation in such Letter of Credit in an amount equal to the product of such Lender's Pro Rata Share times the amount of such Letter of Credit.

(iii)    If the Borrower so requests in any applicable Letter of Credit Application, the applicable L/C Issuer may, in its sole discretion, agree to issue a Letter of Credit that has automatic extension provisions (each, an "Auto-Extension Letter of Credit"); provided that any such Auto-Extension Letter of Credit must permit such L/C Issuer to prevent any such extension at least once in each twelve-month period (commencing with the date of issuance of such Letter of Credit) by giving prior notice to the beneficiary thereof not later than a day (the "Non-Extension Notice Date") in each such twelve-month period to be agreed upon at the time such Letter of Credit is issued. Unless otherwise directed by the applicable L/C Issuer, the Borrower shall not be required to make a specific request to such L/C Issuer for any such extension. Once an Auto-Extension Letter of Credit has been issued, the Lenders shall be deemed to have authorized (but may not require) the applicable L/C Issuer to permit the extension of such Letter of Credit at any time to an expiry date not later than the Letter of Credit Expiration Date; provided, however, that such L/C Issuer shall not


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permit any such extension if (A) such L/C Issuer has determined that it would not be permitted, or would have no obligation, at such time to issue such Letter of Credit in its revised form (as extended) under the terms hereof (by reason of the provisions of clause (ii) or (iii) of Section 2.19(a) or otherwise), or (B) it has received notice (which may be by telephone or in writing) on or before the day that is seven Business Days before the Non-Extension Notice Date (1) from the Agent that the Required Lenders have elected not to permit such extension or (2) from the Agent, any Lender or the Borrower that one or more of the applicable conditions specified in Section 4.2 is not then satisfied, and in each case directing such L/C Issuer not to permit such extension.

(iv)    Promptly after its delivery of any Letter of Credit or any amendment to a Letter of Credit to an advising bank with respect thereto or to the beneficiary thereof, the applicable L/C Issuer will also deliver to the Borrower and the Agent a true and complete copy of such Letter of Credit or amendment.

(c)    Drawings and Reimbursements; Funding of Participations.

(i)    Upon receipt from the beneficiary of any Letter of Credit of any notice of drawing under such Letter of Credit, the applicable L/C Issuer shall notify the Borrower and the Agent thereof. Not later than 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on the date of any payment by the applicable L/C Issuer under a Letter of Credit (each such date, an "Honor Date"), the Borrower shall reimburse such L/C Issuer through the Agent in an amount equal to the amount of such drawing. If the Borrower fails to so reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer by such time, the Agent shall promptly notify each Lender of the Honor Date, the amount of the unreimbursed drawing (the "Unreimbursed Amount"), and the amount of such Lender's Pro Rata Share thereof. In such event, the Borrower shall be deemed to have requested an Advance of Loans that are Floating Rate Advances to be disbursed on the Honor Date in an amount equal to the Unreimbursed Amount, without regard to the minimum and multiples specified in Section 2.6 for the principal amount of Floating Rate Advances, but subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.2 (other than the delivery of a Loan Notice) and provided that, after giving effect to such Advance, the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure shall not exceed the Aggregate Commitments. Any notice given by the applicable L/C Issuer or the Agent pursuant to this Section 2.19(c)(i) may be given by telephone if immediately confirmed in writing; provided that the lack of such an immediate confirmation shall not affect the conclusiveness or binding effect of such notice.

(ii)    Each Lender shall upon any notice pursuant to Section 2.19(c)(i) make funds available (and the Agent may apply Cash Collateral provided for this purpose) for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer at the Agent's Lending Installation in an amount equal to its Pro Rata Share of the Unreimbursed Amount not later than 1:00 p.m. (New York time)on the Business Day specified in such notice by the Agent, whereupon, subject to the provisions of Section 2.19(c)(iii), each Lender that so makes funds available shall be deemed to have made a Floating Rate Advance to the Borrower in such amount. The Agent shall remit the funds so received to the applicable L/C Issuer.

(iii)    With respect to any Unreimbursed Amount that is not fully refinanced by a Advance of Loans that are Floating Rate Advances because the conditions set forth in Section 4.2 cannot be satisfied or for any other reason, the Borrower shall be deemed to have incurred from the applicable L/C Issuer an L/C Borrowing in the amount of the Unreimbursed Amount that is not so refinanced, which L/C Borrowing shall be due and payable on demand (together with interest) and shall bear interest at the rate provided in Section 2.9. In such event, each Lender's payment to the Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.19(c)(ii) shall be deemed payment in


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respect of its participation in such L/C Borrowing and shall constitute an L/C Advance from such Lender in satisfaction of its participation obligation under this Section 2.19.

(iv)    Until each Lender funds its Loans or L/C Advance pursuant to this Section 2.19(c) to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for any amount drawn under any Letter of Credit, interest in respect of such Lender's Pro Rata Share of such amount shall be solely for the account of such L/C Issuer.

(v)    Each Lender's obligation to make Loans or L/C Advances to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for amounts drawn under Letters of Credit, as contemplated by this Section 2.19(c), shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (A) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right which such Lender may have against such L/C Issuer, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever; (B) the occurrence or continuance of a Default, or (C) any other occurrence, event or condition, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing; provided, however, that each Lender's obligation to make Loans pursuant to this Section 2.19(c) is subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.2 (other than delivery by the Borrower of a Borrowing Notice). No such making of an L/C Advance shall relieve or otherwise impair the obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for the amount of any payment made by such L/C Issuer under any Letter of Credit, together with interest as provided herein.

(vi)    If any Lender fails to make available to the Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.19(c) by the time specified in Section 2.19(c)(ii), then, without limiting the other provisions of this Agreement, such L/C Issuer shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to such L/C Issuer at a rate per annum equal to the greater of the Federal Funds Effective Rate and a rate determined by such L/C Issuer in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, plus any administrative, processing or similar fees customarily charged by such L/C Issuer in connection with the foregoing. If such Lender pays such amount (with interest and fees as aforesaid), the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender's Loan included in the relevant Advance or L/C Advance in respect of the relevant L/C Borrowing, as the case may be. A certificate of the applicable L/C Issuer submitted to any Lender (through the Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this clause (vi) shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

(d)    Repayment of Participations.

(i)    At any time after the applicable L/C Issuer has made a payment under any Letter of Credit and has received from any Lender such Lender's L/C Advance in respect of such payment in accordance with Section 2.19(c), if the Agent receives for the account of such L/C Issuer any payment in respect of the related Unreimbursed Amount or interest thereon (whether directly from the Borrower or otherwise, including proceeds of cash collateral applied thereto by the Agent), the Agent will distribute to such Lender its Pro Rata Share thereof in the same funds as those received by the Agent.

(ii)    If any payment received by the Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.19(c)(i) is required to be returned under any of the circumstances (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by such L/C Issuer in its discretion), each Lender shall pay


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to the Agent for the account of such L/C Issuer its Pro Rata Share thereof on demand of the Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such amount is returned by such Lender, at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Effective Rate from time to time in effect. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement.

(e)    Obligations Absolute. The obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer for each drawing under each Letter of Credit and to repay each L/C Borrowing shall be absolute, unconditional and irrevocable, and shall be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under all circumstances, including the following:

(i)    any lack of validity or enforceability of such Letter of Credit, this Agreement or any other Loan Document;

(ii)    the existence of any claim, counterclaim, setoff, defense or other right that any Loan Party or any Subsidiary may have at any time against any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit (or any Person for whom any such beneficiary or any such transferee may be acting), such L/C Issuer or any other Person, whether in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or by such Letter of Credit or any agreement or instrument relating thereto, or any unrelated transaction;

(iii)    any draft, demand, certificate or other document presented under such Letter of Credit proving to be forged, fraudulent, invalid or insufficient in any respect or any statement therein being untrue or inaccurate in any respect; or any loss or delay in the transmission or otherwise of any document required in order to make a drawing under such Letter of Credit;

(iv)    any payment by such L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit against presentation of a draft or certificate that does not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit; or any payment made by such L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit to any Person purporting to be a trustee in bankruptcy, debtor-in-possession, assignee for the benefit of creditors, liquidator, receiver or other representative of or successor to any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit, including any arising in connection with any proceeding under any bankruptcy or similar debtor relief law; or

(v)    any other circumstance or happening whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing, including any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, any Loan Party or any Subsidiary.

The Borrower shall promptly examine a copy of each Letter of Credit and each amendment thereto that is delivered to it and, in the event of any claim of noncompliance with the Borrower's instructions or other irregularity, the Borrower will immediately notify the applicable L/C Issuer. The Borrower shall be conclusively deemed to have waived any such claim against the applicable L/C Issuer and its correspondents unless such notice is given as aforesaid.

(f)    Role of L/C Issuer. Each Lender and the Borrower agree that, in paying any drawing under a Letter of Credit, the applicable L/C Issuer shall not have any responsibility to obtain any document (other than any sight draft, certificates and documents expressly required by such Letter of Credit) or to ascertain or inquire as to the validity or accuracy of any such document or the authority of the Person executing or delivering any such document. None of the L/C Issuers, the Agent, any of their respective affiliates, directors, officers, trustees or employees, nor any correspondent, participant or assignee of the L/C Issuers shall be liable to any Lender for (i) any action taken or omitted in connection herewith at the request or with the


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approval of the Lenders or the Required Lenders, as applicable; (ii) any action taken or omitted in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct (such gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final, nonappealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction); or (iii) the due execution, effectiveness, validity or enforceability of any document or instrument related to any Letter of Credit or Issuer Document. The Borrower hereby assumes all risks of the acts or omissions of any beneficiary or transferee with respect to its use of any Letter of Credit; provided, however, that this assumption is not intended to, and shall not, preclude the Borrower's pursuing such rights and remedies as it may have against the beneficiary or transferee at law or under any other agreement. None of the L/C Issuers, the Agent, any of their respective affiliates, directors, officers, trustees or employees, nor any correspondent, participant or assignee of the L/C Issuers shall be liable or responsible for any of the matters described in clauses (i) through (v) of Section 2.19(e); provided, however, that anything in such clauses to the contrary notwithstanding, the Borrower may have a claim against a L/C Issuer, and a L/C Issuer may be liable to the Borrower, to the extent, but only to the extent, of any direct, as opposed to consequential or exemplary, damages suffered by the Borrower which the Borrower proves were caused by such L/C Issuer's willful misconduct or gross negligence (as determined in a final, nonappealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction) or such L/C Issuer's willful failure to pay under any Letter of Credit after the presentation to it by the beneficiary of a sight draft and certificate(s) strictly complying with the terms and conditions of a Letter of Credit. In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, the L/C Issuers may accept documents that appear on their face to be in order, without responsibility for further investigation, regardless of any notice or information to the contrary, and no L/C Issuer shall be responsible for the validity or sufficiency of any instrument transferring or assigning or purporting to transfer or assign a Letter of Credit or the rights or benefits thereunder or proceeds thereof, in whole or in part, which may prove to be invalid or ineffective for any reason.

(g)    Applicability of ISP. Unless otherwise expressly agreed by the applicable L/C Issuer and the Borrower when a Letter of Credit is issued, the rules of the ISP shall apply to each Letter of Credit.

(h)    Letter of Credit Fees. The Borrower shall pay to the Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance with its Pro Rata Share a Letter of Credit fee (the "Letter of Credit Fee") for each Letter of Credit equal to the Applicable Margin times the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit; provided, however, any Letter of Credit Fees otherwise payable for the account of a Defaulting Lender with respect to any Letter of Credit as to which such Defaulting Lender has not provided Cash Collateral satisfactory to the applicable L/C Issuer pursuant to this Section 2.19 shall be payable, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, to the other Lenders in accordance with the upward adjustments in their respective Pro Rata Shares allocable to such Letter of Credit pursuant to Section 2.21(a)(iv), with the balance of such fee, if any, payable to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 9.15. Letter of Credit Fees shall be (i) due and payable on the first Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December, commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Letter of Credit Expiration Date and thereafter on demand and (ii) computed on a quarterly basis in arrears. If there is any change in the Applicable Margin during any quarter, the daily amount available to be drawn under each Letter of Credit shall be computed and multiplied by the Applicable Margin separately for each period during such quarter that such Applicable Margin was in effect. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, upon the request of the Required Lenders, while any Default exists, all Letter of Credit Fees shall accrue at the rate set forth in Section 2.9 for Letter of Credit Fees.

(i)    Fronting Fee and Documentary and Processing Charges Payable to L/C Issuer. The Borrower shall pay directly to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account a fronting fee with respect to each Letter of Credit, at the rate per annum agreed by the Borrower and the applicable L/C Issuer in writing, computed


25


on the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit and on a quarterly basis in arrears. Such fronting fee shall be due and payable on the tenth Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December in respect of the most recently-ended quarterly period (or portion thereof, in the case of the first payment), commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Letter of Credit Expiration Date and thereafter on demand. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 9.15. In addition, the Borrower shall pay directly to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account the customary issuance, presentation, amendment and other processing fees, and other standard costs and charges, of such L/C Issuer relating to letters of credit as from time to time in effect. Such customary fees and standard costs and charges are due and payable on demand and are nonrefundable.

(j)    Conflict with Issuer Documents. In the event of any conflict between the terms hereof and the terms of any Issuer Document, the terms hereof shall control.

(k)    Letters of Credit Issued for Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding that a Letter of Credit issued or outstanding hereunder is in support of any obligations of, or is for the account of, a Subsidiary, the Borrower shall be obligated to reimburse the applicable L/C Issuer hereunder for any and all drawings under such Letter of Credit. The Borrower hereby acknowledges that the issuance of Letters of Credit for the account of Subsidiaries inures to the benefit of the Borrower, and that the Borrower's business derives substantial benefits from the businesses of such Subsidiaries.

2.20    Cash Collateral.

(a)    Certain Credit Support Events. Upon the request of the Agent or any L/C Issuer (i) if such L/C Issuer has honored any full or partial drawing request under any Letter of Credit and such drawing has resulted in an L/C Borrowing, or (ii) if, as of the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, any L/C Obligation for any reason remains outstanding, the Borrower shall, in each case, immediately Cash Collateralize the then outstanding amount of all L/C Obligations. At any time that there shall exist a Defaulting Lender, immediately upon the request of the Agent or any L/C Issuer, the Borrower shall deliver to the Agent Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to cover all Fronting Exposure (after giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv) and any Cash Collateral provided by the Defaulting Lender).

(b)    Grant of Security Interest. All Cash Collateral (other than credit support not constituting funds subject to deposit) shall be maintained in blocked, non-interest bearing deposit accounts at Bank of America. The Borrower, and to the extent provided by any Lender, such Lender, hereby grants to (and subjects to the control of) the Agent, for the benefit of the Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders, and agrees to maintain, a first priority security interest in all such cash, deposit accounts and all balances therein, and all other property so provided as collateral pursuant hereto, and in all proceeds of the foregoing, all as security for the obligations to which such Cash Collateral may be applied pursuant to Section 2.20(c). If at any time the Agent determines that Cash Collateral is subject to any right or claim of any Person other than the Agent as herein provided, or that the total amount of such Cash Collateral is less than the applicable Fronting Exposure and other obligations secured thereby, the Borrower or the relevant Defaulting Lender will, promptly upon demand by the Agent, pay or provide to the Agent additional Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to eliminate such deficiency.

(c)    Application. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Cash Collateral provided under any of this Section 2.20 or Sections 2.7, 2.19, 2.21 or 8.1 in respect of Letters of Credit shall be held and applied to the satisfaction of the specific L/C Obligations, obligations to fund participations therein (including, as to Cash Collateral provided by a Defaulting Lender, any interest accrued


26


on such obligation) and other obligations for which the Cash Collateral was so provided, prior to any other application of such property as may be provided for herein.

(d)    Release. Cash Collateral (or the appropriate portion thereof) provided to reduce Fronting Exposure or other obligations shall be released promptly following (i) the elimination of the applicable Fronting Exposure or other obligations giving rise thereto (including by the termination of Defaulting Lender status of the applicable Lender (or, as appropriate, its assignee following compliance with Section 12.3(a)) or (ii) the Agent's good faith determination that there exists excess Cash Collateral; provided, however, (x) that Cash Collateral furnished by or on behalf of the Borrower shall not be released during the continuance of a Unmatured Default or Default (and following application as provided in this Section 2.20 may be otherwise applied in accordance with this Agreement), and (y) the Person providing Cash Collateral and the applicable L/C Issuer may agree that Cash Collateral shall not be released but instead held to support future anticipated Fronting Exposure or other obligations.

2.21    Defaulting Lenders.

(a)    Adjustments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then, until such time as that Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, to the extent permitted by applicable law:

(i)    Waivers and Amendments. That Defaulting Lender's right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent with respect to this Agreement shall be restricted as set forth in Section 8.2.

(ii)    Reallocation of Payments. Any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Agent for the account of that Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Section 8.1 or otherwise, and including any amounts made available to the Agent by that Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 11.1), shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Agent as follows: first, to the payment of any amounts owing by that Defaulting Lender to the Agent hereunder; second, to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by that Defaulting Lender to any L/C Issuer hereunder; third, if so determined by the Agent or requested by any L/C Issuer, to be held as Cash Collateral for future funding obligations of that Defaulting Lender of any participation in any Letter of Credit; fourth, as the Borrower may request (so long as no Unmatured Default exists), to the funding of any Loan in respect of which that Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Agent; fifth, if so determined by the Agent and the Borrower, to be held in a non-interest bearing deposit account and released in order to satisfy obligations of that Defaulting Lender to fund Loans under this Agreement; sixth, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Lenders or the L/C Issuers as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by any Lender or any L/C Issuer against that Defaulting Lender as a result of that Defaulting Lender's breach of its obligations under this Agreement; seventh, so long as no Unmatured Default exists, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrower as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by the Borrower against that Defaulting Lender as a result of that Defaulting Lender's breach of its obligations under this Agreement; and eighth, to that Defaulting Lender or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that if (x) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Loans or L/C Borrowings in respect of which that Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share and (y) such Loans or L/C Borrowings were made at a time when the conditions set forth in Section 4.2 were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Loans of, and L/C Borrowings owed to, all non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata


27


basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Loans of, or L/C Borrowings owed to, that Defaulting Lender. Any payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 2.21(a)(ii) shall be deemed paid to and redirected by that Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto.

(iii)    Certain Fees. That Defaulting Lender (x) shall not be entitled to receive any facility fee pursuant to Section 2.5 for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender except to the extent allocable to the sum of (1) the outstanding amount of the Loans funded by it and (2) its Pro Rata Share of the stated amount of Letters of Credit for which it has provided Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 2.7, Section 2.19, Section 2.20, or Section 2.21(a)(ii), as applicable (and the Borrower shall (A) be required to pay to each L/C Issuer the amount of such fee allocable to its Fronting Exposure arising from that Defaulting Lender and (B) not be required to pay the remaining amount of such fee that otherwise would have been required to have been paid to that Defaulting Lender) and (y) shall be limited in its right to receive Letter of Credit Fees as provided in Section 2.19(h).

(iv)    Reallocation of Pro Rata Shares to Reduce Fronting Exposure. During any period in which there is a Defaulting Lender, for purposes of computing the amount of the obligation of each non-Defaulting Lender to acquire, refinance or fund participations in Letters of Credit pursuant to Sections 2.19, the "Pro Rata Share" of each non-Defaulting Lender shall be computed without giving effect to the Commitment of that Defaulting Lender; provided, that, (i) each such reallocation shall be given effect only if, at the date the applicable Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, no Unmatured Default or Event of Default exists; and (ii) the aggregate obligation of each non-Defaulting Lender to acquire, refinance or fund participations in Letters of Credit shall not exceed the positive difference, if any, of (1) the Commitment of that non-Defaulting Lender minus (2) the aggregate outstanding amount of the Loans of that Lender.

(b)    Defaulting Lender Cure. If the Borrower, the Agent and the L/C Issuers agree in writing in their sole discretion that a Defaulting Lender should no longer be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender, the Agent will so notify the parties hereto, whereupon as of the effective date specified in such notice and subject to any conditions set forth therein (which may include arrangements with respect to any Cash Collateral), that Lender will, to the extent applicable, purchase that portion of outstanding Loans of the other Lenders or take such other actions as the Agent may determine to be necessary to cause the Loans and funded and unfunded participations in Letters of Credit to be held on a pro rata basis by the Lenders in accordance with their Pro Rata Shares (without giving effect to Section 2.21(a)(iv)), whereupon that Lender will cease to be a Defaulting Lender; provided that no adjustments will be made retroactively with respect to fees accrued or payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower while that Lender was a Defaulting Lender; and provided, further, that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no change hereunder from Defaulting Lender to Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender's having been a Defaulting Lender.

ARTICLE III

YIELD PROTECTION; TAXES

3.1    Yield Protection. If, on or after the date of this Agreement, any Change in Law:

(i)    subjects any Lender or any applicable Lending Installation to any Taxes, or changes the basis of taxation of payments (other than in each case with respect to Excluded Taxes) to any


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Lender in respect of its Eurodollar Loans or

(ii)    imposes or increases or deems applicable any reserve, assessment, insurance charge, special deposit or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended by, any Lender or any applicable Lending Installation (other than reserves and assessments taken into account in determining the interest rate applicable to Eurodollar Advances), or

(iii)    imposes any other condition the result of which is to increase the cost to any Lender or any applicable Lending Installation of making, funding or maintaining its Eurodollar Loans or reduces any amount receivable by any Lender or any applicable Lending Installation in connection with its Eurodollar Loans, or requires any Lender or any applicable Lending Installation to make any payment calculated by reference to the amount of Eurodollar Loans or interest received by it, by an amount deemed material by such Lender,

and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to such Lender or applicable Lending Installation, as the case may be, of making or maintaining its Eurodollar Loans, Commitment or to reduce the return received by such Lender or applicable Lending Installation in connection with such Eurodollar Loans or Commitment, then, within fifteen (15) days of demand by such Lender, the Borrower shall pay such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such increased cost or reduction in amount received.

3.2    Changes in Capital Adequacy Regulations. If a Lender determines that the amount of capital required or expected to be maintained by such Lender, any Lending Installation of such Lender or any corporation controlling such Lender is increased as a result of a Change in Law, then, within fifteen (15) days of demand by such Lender, the Borrower shall pay such Lender the amount necessary to compensate for any shortfall in the rate of return on the portion of such increased capital which such Lender determines is attributable to this Agreement, its Outstanding Credit Exposure or its Commitment to make Loans (after taking into account such Lender's policies as to capital adequacy).

3.3    Availability of Types of Advances. If (x) any Lender determines that maintenance of its Eurodollar Loans at a suitable Lending Installation would violate any applicable law, rule, regulation, or directive, whether or not having the force of law, or if (y) the Required Lenders determine that (i) deposits of a type and maturity appropriate to match fund Eurodollar Advances are not available or (ii) the interest rate applicable to Eurodollar Advances does not accurately reflect the cost of making or maintaining Eurodollar Advances, then the Agent shall suspend the availability of Eurodollar Advances and require any affected Eurodollar Advances to be repaid or converted to Floating Rate Advances, subject to the payment of any funding indemnification amounts required by Section 3.4.

3.4    Funding Indemnification. If any payment of a Eurodollar Advance occurs on a date which is not the last day of the applicable Interest Period, whether because of acceleration, prepayment or otherwise, or a Eurodollar Advance is not made, continued or prepaid, or a Floating Rate Advance is not converted into a Eurodollar Advance, on the date specified by the Borrower for any reason other than default by the Lenders, the Borrower will indemnify each Lender for any loss or cost incurred by it resulting therefrom, including, without limitation, any loss or cost in liquidating or employing deposits acquired to fund or maintain such Eurodollar Advance.

3.5    Taxes.

(i)    All payments by the Borrower to or for the account of any Lender or the Agent hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any and all Taxes, except to the


29


extent such Lender is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax with respect to payments under this Agreement but fails to properly and timely complete and execute documentation as provided in Section 3.5(iv) or Section 3.5(vi), as the case may be. Subject to each Lender's and the Agent's compliance with Section 3.5(iv) and Section 3.5(vi), if the Borrower or the Agent shall be required by law to deduct any Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable hereunder to any Lender or the Agent, (a) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 3.5) such Lender or the Agent (as the case may be) receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (b) the Borrower or the Agent, as applicable, shall make such deductions, (c) the Borrower or the Agent, as applicable, shall pay the full amount deducted to the relevant authority in accordance with applicable law and (d) the Borrower shall furnish to the Agent the original copy of a receipt evidencing payment thereof within thirty (30) days after such payment is made.

(ii)    In addition, the Borrower hereby agrees to pay any present or future stamp or documentary taxes and any other excise (but excluding Excluded Taxes) or property taxes, charges or similar levies which arise from any payment made hereunder or from the execution or delivery of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement ("Other Taxes").

(iii)    Except as otherwise provided herein, the Borrower hereby agrees to indemnify the Agent and each Lender for the full amount of Taxes or Other Taxes (including, without limitation, any Taxes or Other Taxes imposed on amounts payable under this Section 3.5) paid by the Agent or such Lender and any liability (including penalties, interest and expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto; provided that the Borrower shall not be required to indemnify the Agent or any Lender for interest, penalties or associated expenses described in the foregoing if such liability is found in a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the party seeking indemnification. Payments due under this indemnification shall be made within thirty (30) days of the date the Agent or such Lender makes demand therefor pursuant to Section 3.6.

(iv)    Each Lender that is not incorporated under the laws of the United States of America or a state thereof (each a "Non-U.S. Lender") agrees that it will, not less than ten (10) Business Days after the date of this Agreement (or, if later, ten (10) Business Days after such Lender shall become a Lender pursuant to Section 12.3), deliver to each of the Borrower and the Agent two duly completed copies of United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or W-8ECI, certifying in either case that such Lender is entitled to receive payments under this Agreement without deduction or withholding of any United States federal income taxes and is entitled to an exemption from United States backup withholding tax. Each Non-U.S. Lender further undertakes to deliver to each of the Borrower and the Agent (x) renewals or additional copies of such form (or any successor form) on or before the date that such form expires or becomes obsolete, and (y) after the occurrence of any event requiring a change in the most recent forms so delivered by it, such additional forms or amendments thereto as may be reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent. All forms or amendments described in the preceding sentence shall certify that such Lender is entitled to receive payments under this Agreement without deduction or withholding of any United States federal income taxes, unless an event (including without limitation any change in treaty, law or regulation) has occurred prior to the date on which any such delivery would otherwise be required which renders all such forms inapplicable or which would prevent such Lender from duly completing and delivering any such form or amendment with respect to it and such Lender advises the Borrower and the Agent that it is not capable of receiving payments without any deduction or withholding of United States


30


federal income tax.

(v)    For any period during which a Non-U.S. Lender has failed to provide the Borrower with an appropriate form pursuant to clause (iv), above (unless such failure is due to a change in treaty, law or regulation, or any change in the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority, occurring subsequent to the date on which a form originally was required to be provided), such Non-U.S. Lender shall not be entitled to indemnification under this Section 3.5 with respect to Taxes imposed by the United States; provided that, should a Non-U.S. Lender which is otherwise exempt from or subject to a reduced rate of withholding tax become subject to Taxes because of its failure to deliver a form required under clause (iv), above, the Borrower shall take such steps as such Non-U.S. Lender shall reasonably request to assist such Non-U.S. Lender to recover such Taxes.

(vi)    Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax, including backup withholding, with respect to payments under this Agreement pursuant to the law of any relevant jurisdiction or any treaty shall deliver to the Borrower (with a copy to the Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable law, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate. In the event such Lender has failed timely to provide the Borrower (with a copy to the Agent) with such properly completed and executed documentation, such Lender shall not be entitled to indemnification under this Section 3.5 with respect to Taxes withheld to the extent such Taxes would have been reduced or exempt from withholding had such properly completed and executed documentation been timely provided to the Borrower (with a copy to the Agent).

(vii)    If the U.S. Internal Revenue Service or any other Governmental Authority of the United States or any other country or any political subdivision thereof asserts a claim that the Agent did not properly withhold tax from amounts paid to or for the account of any Lender (because the appropriate form was not delivered or properly completed, because such Lender failed to notify the Agent of a change in circumstances which rendered its exemption from withholding ineffective, or for any other reason), such Lender shall indemnify the Agent fully for all amounts paid, directly or indirectly, by the Agent as tax, withholding therefor, or otherwise, including penalties and interest, and including taxes imposed by any jurisdiction on amounts payable to the Agent under this subsection, together with all costs and expenses related thereto (including attorneys fees and time charges of attorneys for the Agent, which attorneys may be employees of the Agent); provided that no Lender shall be required to indemnify the Agent for any of the foregoing to the extent the failure of the Agent to withhold tax from amounts paid to or for the account of any Lender is found in a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Agent. The obligations of the Lenders under this Section 3.5(vii) shall survive the payment of the Obligations and termination of this Agreement.

(viii)    If a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to


31


determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this paragraph (viii), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.

3.6    Lender Statements; Survival of Indemnity. To the extent reasonably possible, each Lender shall designate an alternate Lending Installation with respect to its Eurodollar Loans to reduce any liability of the Borrower to such Lender under Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.5 or to avoid the unavailability of Eurodollar Advances under Section 3.3, so long as such designation is not, in the judgment of such Lender, disadvantageous to such Lender. Each Lender shall notify the Borrower of any amounts due under Section 3.1, 3.2, 3.4 or 3.5 as soon as reasonably practicable and, thereafter, deliver a written statement of such Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Agent) as to the amount due, if any, under such Section(s). Such written statement shall set forth in reasonable detail the calculations upon which such Lender determined such amount and shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Borrower in the absence of manifest error. Determination of amounts payable under such Sections in connection with a Eurodollar Loan shall be calculated as though each Lender funded its Eurodollar Loan through the purchase of a deposit of the type and maturity corresponding to the deposit used as a reference in determining the Eurodollar Rate applicable to such Loan, whether in fact that is the case or not. Unless otherwise provided herein, the amount specified in the written statement of any Lender shall be payable on demand after receipt by the Borrower of such written statement. The obligations of the Borrower under Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.4 and 3.5 shall survive payment of the Obligations and termination of this Agreement.


ARTICLE IV

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

4.1    Effectiveness. This Agreement shall become effective on the date (the "Effective Date") on or before December 15, 2011 that all of the following conditions have been satisfied: (a) the Agent shall have received all fees and other amounts due and payable by the Borrower on or prior to the Effective Date, including, to the extent invoiced, reimbursement or payment of all out-of-pocket expenses required to be reimbursed or paid by the Borrower hereunder and (b) the Agent shall have received (with sufficient copies for the Lenders) each of the following:

(i)    Copies of the articles or certificate of incorporation of the Borrower, together with all amendments, and a certificate of existence, certified by the appropriate governmental officer in its jurisdiction of incorporation.

(ii)    Copies, certified by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Borrower, of its bylaws and of its Board of Directors' resolutions authorizing the execution of the Loan Documents by the Borrower.

(iii)    An incumbency certificate, executed by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Borrower, which shall identify by name and title and bear the signatures of the officers of the Borrower authorized to sign the Loan Documents, upon which certificate the Agent and the Lenders shall be entitled to rely until informed of any change in writing by the Borrower.

(iv)    A certificate, signed by the chief financial officer or the controller of the Borrower, stating, as of the Effective Date, that (A) no Default or Unmatured Default has occurred and is continuing, (B) the Borrower is in compliance with Section 6.11 and setting forth in reasonable detail the calculation of the ratio set forth therein, determined as of September 30, 2011, and (C) the


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representations and warranties contained in Article V are true and correct.

(v)    A written opinion of counsel to the Borrower, substantially in the form of Exhibit B.

(vi)    Evidence, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent, that the Borrower has obtained all governmental approvals, if any, necessary for it to enter into the Loan Documents.

(vii)    A Note executed by the Borrower in favor of each Lender that has requested a Note pursuant to Section 2.11.

(viii)    Evidence, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent, that all outstanding amounts under that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2009, among the Borrower, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, as administrative agent and that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of June 12, 2009, between the Borrower and Barclays Bank PLC shall have been repaid and all commitments thereunder terminated.

(ix)    Such other documents as any Lender or its counsel may have reasonably requested.

Without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 10.4, for purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 4.1, each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Effective Date specifying its objection thereto.

4.2    Each Credit Extension. The Lenders shall not be required to make any Credit Extension unless on the applicable date of such Credit Extension:

(i)    No Default or Unmatured Default exists or will result after giving effect to such Credit Extension.

(ii)    The representations and warranties contained in Article V (other than Section 5.10) are true and correct in all material respects as of the date of such Credit Extension except to the extent any such representation or warranty is stated to relate solely to an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty shall have been true and correct in all material respects on and as of such earlier date.

Each request for a Credit Extension shall constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrower that the conditions contained in Sections 4.2(i) and (ii) have been satisfied.


ARTICLE V

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

The Borrower represents and warrants to the Lenders as follows:

5.1    Corporate Existence. Each of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries: (a) is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation; (b) has all requisite corporate power, and has all material governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals necessary to own its Property and carry on its business as now being


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conducted; and (c) is qualified to do business in all jurisdictions in which the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary and where failure so to qualify would have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.2    Litigation and Contingent Obligations. To the Borrower's knowledge, there are not, in any court or before any arbitrator of any kind or before or by any governmental body, any actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened in writing (a) against or affecting (except as disclosed in the Disclosure Documents or on Schedule 5.2) the Borrower or any Significant Subsidiary or any of their respective businesses or properties except actions, suits or proceedings that there is no material likelihood would, singly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect or which seeks to prevent, enjoin or delay the making of any Credit Extension or (b) affecting in an adverse manner the binding nature, validity or enforceability of any Loan Document as an obligation of the Borrower involving the Borrower or any Significant Subsidiary or any of their respective businesses or properties or, to the Borrower's knowledge, otherwise.

5.3    No Breach. None of the execution and delivery of this Agreement, any other Loan Document, the consummation of the transactions herein or therein contemplated or compliance with the terms and provisions hereof or thereof will conflict with or result in a breach of, or require any consent under, the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Borrower, or (except for an order of the Public Utility Commission of Oregon, which order has been obtained and is in full force and effect) any applicable law, rule or regulation, or any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or Governmental Authority, or any agreement or instrument to which the Borrower or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is a party or by which it is bound or to which it is subject, or constitute a default under any such agreement or instrument, or result in the creation or imposition of any Lien upon any of the revenues or assets of the Borrower or any of its Significant Subsidiaries pursuant to the terms of any such agreement or instrument.

5.4    Corporate Action. Except for any increase in the Aggregate Commitment pursuant to Section 2.3(a), the Borrower has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents; the execution, delivery and performance by the Borrower of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on its part; and this Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Borrower and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against the Borrower in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by applicable bankruptcy laws or similar laws of general applicability affecting creditors' rights.  

5.5    Approvals. Except for any increase in the Aggregate Commitment pursuant to Section 2.3(a) and any extension of the Scheduled Termination Date pursuant to Section 2.18, the Borrower has obtained all Governmental Approvals from, and has made or will timely make all filings and registrations with any federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority or agency that has authority over the Borrower or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, that are necessary for the execution, delivery or performance by the Borrower of this Agreement and each other Loan Document or for the validity or enforceability hereof or thereof, and such Governmental Approvals, filings and registrations are and shall continue to be in full force and effect (it being understood that the Borrower may be required to make customary filings with the SEC and other governmental or regulatory authorities or agencies disclosing the existence and/or material terms of this Agreement, but failure to make any such filing shall not affect the validity or enforceability hereof or of any other Loan Document).

5.6    Use of Loans. Neither the Borrower nor any of its Significant Subsidiaries is engaged principally, or as one of its important activities, in the business of extending credit for the purpose, whether immediate, incidental or ultimate, of buying or carrying Margin Stock, as defined in Regulation U, and no part of the proceeds of any Loan hereunder will be used to buy or carry any Margin Stock. No part of the


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proceeds of any Loan hereunder will be used to acquire stock of any corporation the board of directors of which has publicly stated its opposition to such acquisition or fails to endorse such acquisition.

5.7    ERISA. Except as disclosed in the Disclosure Documents, the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Borrower, the other ERISA Affiliates have fulfilled their respective obligations under the minimum funding standards of ERISA and the Code with respect to each Benefit Plan of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate; the Benefit Plans of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Borrower, of the other ERISA Affiliates are in compliance in all material respects with the presently applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code or any non-compliance is not reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Borrower, the other ERISA Affiliates have not incurred any liability to the PBGC (other than liability for premium payments which are paid when due) or to such Benefit Plan which, individually or in the aggregate, exceeds $10,000,000. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as disclosed in the Disclosure Documents, the Borrower has not received notice with respect to any of the foregoing events with respect to any ERISA Affiliate or such Benefit Plan.

5.8    Taxes. United States Federal income tax returns of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries have been examined and closed through the period ended December 31, 2008 except for the United States Federal income tax returns for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. The Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries have filed all United States Federal and state income tax returns which are required to be filed by them and have paid all taxes due pursuant to such returns or pursuant to any assessment received by the Borrower or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, except such taxes, if any, as are being contested in good faith and by proper proceedings or the non-payment of which, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries in respect of taxes and other governmental charges are, in the opinion of the Borrower, adequate.

5.9    Subsidiaries. Schedule 5.9 contains an accurate list of all Subsidiaries of the Borrower as of the date of this Agreement, setting forth their respective jurisdictions of organization, the percentage of their respective capital stock or other ownership interests owned by the Borrower or other Subsidiaries and identifying which Subsidiaries are Significant Subsidiaries. All of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock or other ownership interests of such Subsidiaries have been (to the extent such concepts are relevant with respect to such ownership interests) duly authorized and issued and are fully paid and nonassessable.

5.10    No Material Adverse Change. Since September 30, 2011, there has been no change in the business or financial condition of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries from that reflected in the Borrower's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.11    Financial Statements. The Borrower has furnished the Disclosure Documents to the Lenders prior to the date hereof. The financial statements contained in the Disclosure Documents and all financial statements furnished pursuant to Section 6.9(i) or (ii) fairly present in all material respects, in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles, the consolidated financial position of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at their respective dates and the consolidated results of operations, retained earnings and, as applicable, changes in financial position or cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the respective periods to which such statements relate.

5.12    No Material Misstatements. None of the following contained, contains or will contain as of the date thereof any material misstatement of fact or omitted, omits or will omit as of the date thereof to


35


state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were, are or will be made, not misleading:

(i)    the Disclosure Documents (excluding any exhibits referred to in any such Disclosure Documents);

(ii)    any report delivered to the Agent or any Lender pursuant to Section 6.9(i) or (ii) (excluding exhibits referred to in any such report); or

(iii)    to the best knowledge of the Borrower, the Confidential Information Memorandum, dated November 2011, delivered by the Borrower to the Lenders (when read in conjunction with the items referred to in (i) and (ii) above).

To the best knowledge of the Borrower, no other written information delivered to the Agent or any Lender pursuant to Section 6.9 contained, contains or will contain as of the date thereof any material misstatement of fact.

5.13    Properties. As of the date of this Agreement, the Borrower has good right or title to all of its Properties to the extent reflected in the Disclosure Documents, except for minor restrictions, reservations and defects which do not in any substantial way interfere with the Borrower's ability to conduct its business as now conducted and except for such assets as have been disposed of since September 30, 2011 in transactions of the types described in Sections 6.13(a), (b) and (c), and all such Properties are free and clear of any Liens, except as permitted by Section 6.10.

5.14    Environmental Matters. Except as described in the Disclosure Documents, to the best of Borrower's knowledge, no event has occurred and no condition exists related to Environmental Laws which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise described in the Disclosure Documents, neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary has received any notice from a federal or state governmental agency to the effect that its operations are not in material compliance with any of the requirements of applicable Environmental Laws or are the subject of any federal or state investigation evaluating whether any remedial action is needed to respond to a release of any toxic or hazardous waste or substance into the environment, which noncompliance or remedial action would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.15    Investment Company Act. Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary is an "investment company" or a company "controlled" by an "investment company", within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


ARTICLE VI

COVENANTS

So long as any Bank has any Commitment hereunder or any Obligations are outstanding, the Borrower shall, unless the Required Lenders otherwise consent in writing:

6.1    Preservation of Existence and Business. Preserve and maintain, and cause each Significant Subsidiary to preserve and maintain, its corporate existence and all of its material rights, privileges, licenses and franchises, except as permitted by Section 6.12, and carry on and conduct its business in substantially the same manner and in substantially the same fields of enterprise as it is presently conducted.



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6.2    Preservation of Property. Maintain, and cause each Significant Subsidiary to maintain, all of its Property used or useful in its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted (it being understood that this covenant relates only to the good working order and condition of such Property and shall not be construed as a covenant of the Borrower not to dispose of any such Property by sale, lease, transfer or otherwise or to discontinue operation thereof if the Borrower reasonably determines that such discontinuation is necessary).

6.3    Payment of Taxes. Pay, and cause each Significant Subsidiary to pay, promptly when due all taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon it or upon its income or profits, or upon any of its Property, before the same shall become in default; provided that neither the Borrower nor any Significant Subsidiary shall be required to pay any such tax, assessment, charge or levy (i) in an amount in excess of the amount shown on any related tax return (the Borrower having a reasonable basis for the position reflected therein) or (ii) that is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which the Borrower has set aside on its books, in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles, adequate reserves, or (iii) so long as such tax, assessment, charge or levy, if sustained, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

6.4    Compliance with Applicable Laws and Contracts. Comply, and cause each Significant Subsidiary to comply, with the requirements of all applicable laws, rules or regulations, Governmental Approvals, and orders, writs, injunctions or decrees of any court or Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, Environmental Laws, if failure to comply with such requirements would have a Material Adverse Effect or an adverse effect on the binding nature, validity or enforceability of any Loan Document as an obligation of the Borrower.

6.5    Preservation of Loan Document Enforceability. Take all reasonable actions (including obtaining and maintaining in full force and effect consents and Governmental Approvals), and cause each Significant Subsidiary to take all reasonable actions, that are required so that its obligations under the Loan Documents will at all times be legal, valid and binding and enforceable  against it in accordance with their respective terms.


6.6    Insurance. Maintain, and cause each Significant Subsidiary to maintain, with responsible insurance companies, or through the Borrower's program of self-insurance, insurance coverage against at least such risks and in at least such amounts as is customarily maintained by similar businesses, or as may be required by any applicable law, rule or regulation, any Governmental Approval, or any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or Governmental Authority.

6.7    Use of Proceeds. Use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the Loans for general corporate purposes of the Borrower (in compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements), including, without limitation, to provide back-up liquidity for the short-term Indebtedness of the Borrower, to support commercial paper, to refinance existing Indebtedness of the Borrower, and to support collateral requirements under the Borrower's energy purchase and sale agreements.

6.8    Visits, Inspections and Discussions. Permit, and cause each Significant Subsidiary to permit, representatives of the Agent or of any Lender with a Commitment of at least $5,000,000 (provided, however, that Lenders with a Commitment of less than $5,000,000 shall be permitted to exercise rights under this Section 6.8 if such right is exercised jointly with the Agent or a Lender with a Commitment of at least $5,000,000), and subject in all cases to such Lender being bound by the confidentiality provisions of Section 9.1, during normal business hours and upon reasonable prior written notice to the Borrower:

(i)    if no Default or Unmatured Default shall exist and be continuing, to visit the principal


37


office of the Borrower, to discuss its business and affairs with its officers and independent certified accountants (provided that the Borrower shall be permitted to attend any such discussions with such accountants), and to visit its material Property, all to the extent reasonably requested by the Agent or such Lender; provided that such visits and discussions shall in no event occur more frequently than once during any calendar year; provided, further that the Borrower reserves the right to restrict access to any of its generating facilities in accordance with reasonably adopted procedures relating to safety and security, and to the extent reasonably requested to maintain normal operations of the Borrower; and provided, further, that, Sections 9.6 and 10.8 hereof notwithstanding, the costs and expenses incurred by any Lender or the Agent or their agents or representatives in connection with any such visits or discussions shall be solely for the account of such Lender or the Agent, as applicable; and

(ii)    if a Default or Unmatured Default shall exist and be continuing, to visit and inspect its Property, to examine, copy and make extracts from its books and records, and to discuss its business and affairs with its officers and independent certified accountants, all to the extent reasonably requested by such Lender or the Agent, as often as may be reasonably requested; provided that the Borrower reserves the right to restrict access to any of its generating facilities in accordance with reasonably adopted procedures relating to safety and security, and to the extent reasonably requested to maintain normal operations of the Borrower.

6.9    Information to Be Furnished. Furnish to the Agent and, if requested by any Lender, furnish to such Lender:

(i)    Form 10-Q; Quarterly Financial Statements. Promptly after filing and in any event within sixty (60) days after the close of each of the first three quarterly accounting periods in each fiscal year of the Borrower, a copy of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or any successor form) for the Borrower for such quarter.

(ii)    Form 10-K; Year-End Financial Statements; Accountants' Certificates. Promptly after filing and in any event within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower, the Annual Report on Form 10-K (or any successor form) for the Borrower for such year.

(iii)    Officer's Certificate as to Calculations. At the time that financial statements are furnished pursuant to Section 6.9(i) or (ii), a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer or any other financial officer of the Borrower substantially in the form of Exhibit C.

(iv)    Requested Information. From time to time, such other information regarding the business, affairs, insurance or financial condition of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (including, without limitation, any Benefit Plan and any reports of other information required to be filed under ERISA) as any Lender or the Agent may reasonably request.

(v)    Notice of Defaults, Material Adverse Changes and Other Matters. Promptly upon (and in any event within three (3) Business Days after) becoming aware thereof, notice of:

(a)    any Default or Unmatured Default, and

(b)    any circumstance that has resulted in a Material Adverse Effect or an adverse effect on the binding nature, validity or enforceability of any Loan Document as an obligation


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of the Borrower.

The Borrower may furnish information, documents and other materials that it is obligated to furnish to the Agent pursuant to the Loan Documents, including all items described above in this Section 6.9 and all other notices, requests, financial statements, financial and other reports, certificates and other information materials, but excluding any communication that (i) relates to a request for a new, or the conversion or continuation of an existing, Loan, (ii) relates to the payment of any amount due under this Agreement prior to the scheduled date therefor or any reduction of the Commitments, (iii) provides notice of any Default or Unmatured Default or (iv) is required to be delivered to satisfy any condition precedent to the effectiveness of this Agreement or any Loan hereunder (any non-excluded communication described above, a "Communication"), electronically (including by posting such documents, or providing a link thereto, on the Borrower's Internet website). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Borrower agrees that, to the extent requested by the Agent, it will continue to provide "hard copies" of Communications to the Agent.

The Borrower further agrees that the Agent may make Communications available to the Lenders by posting such Communications on IntraLinks or a substantially similar secure electronic delivery system (the "Platform").

THE PLATFORM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE". THE AGENT DOES NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY COMMUNICATION OR THE ADEQUACY OF THE PLATFORM AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY COMMUNICATION. NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR FREEDOM FROM VIRUSES OR OTHER CODE DEFECTS, IS MADE BY THE AGENT IN CONNECTION WITH ANY COMMUNICATION OR THE PLATFORM. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGENT HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO THE BORROWER, ANY LENDER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR DAMAGES, LOSSES OR EXPENSES (WHETHER IN TORT, CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF THE BORROWER'S OR THE AGENT'S TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH THE INTERNET, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT SUCH DAMAGES ARE FOUND IN A FINAL NON-APPEALABLE JUDGMENT BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO HAVE RESULTED FROM SUCH PERSON'S GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL THE AGENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THE PLATFORM OR THE BORROWER'S OR THE AGENT'S TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH THE INTERNET.

Each Lender agrees that notice to it (as provided in the next sentence) specifying that a Communication has been posted to the Platform shall constitute effective delivery of such Communication to such Lender for purposes of the Loan Documents. Each Lender agrees (i) to notify the Agent from time to time of the e-mail address to which the foregoing notice may be sent and (ii) that such notice may be sent to such e-mail address. For the avoidance of doubt, the failure of the Agent to provide notice to the Lenders as explicitly required by this Agreement shall not affect the validity or binding nature of a related notice delivered to the Agent by the Borrower; provided, that the Borrower shall remain obligated to provide notice directly to the Agent and/or Lenders when and as required by this Agreement.

6.10    Liens. Not, and not permit any Significant Subsidiary to, suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, assets or revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, except this Section 6.10 shall not apply to:



39


(i)    Liens for taxes, assessments or charges imposed on the Borrower or any Subsidiary or any of their property by any Governmental Authority not yet due or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles;

(ii)    Liens imposed by law, such as carriers', warehousemen's, mechanics', materialmen's, repairmen's or other like Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business and securing obligations that are not yet due or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, and Liens arising out of judgments or awards which secure payment of legal obligations that would not constitute a Default under Section 7.9;

(iii)    pledges or deposits in connection with worker's compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security laws, or to secure the performance of bids, tenders contracts (other than for borrowed money), leases, statutory obligations, surety or appeal bonds, or indemnity, performance or other similar bonds, in the ordinary course of business;

(iv)    easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances incurred in the ordinary course of business and encumbrances consisting of zoning restrictions, easements, licenses, restrictions on the use of property or minor imperfections in title thereto which, in the aggregate, are not material in amount, and which do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;

(v)    the Lien of the Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust dated July 1, 1945, as supplemented and in effect from time to time, from the Borrower to HSBC Bank USA (f/k/a Marine Midland Bank, N.A.) (the "Mortgage");

(vi)    Permitted Encumbrances (as defined in Section 1.11 of the Mortgage);

(vii)    Liens securing the payment of Tax-Free Debt, provided that each such Lien shall extend only to the property, and proceeds thereof, being financed by the Tax-Free Debt secured thereby;

(viii)    Liens on or over the whole or any part of the assets of the Borrower as security for any indebtedness owing by the Borrower to any Subsidiary whose primary function is that of acting as a financing Subsidiary of the Borrower and consisting of one or more loans made to the Borrower by such Subsidiary and repayable on the same date as a loan or other indebtedness incurred by such Subsidiary; provided that the aggregate principal amount of the indebtedness secured by all such Liens shall not exceed the aggregate principal amount of all such indebtedness incurred by such Subsidiary; and provided further that the aggregate principal amount of the indebtedness secured by all such Liens shall not exceed $100,000,000;

(ix)    Liens over all or any part of the assets of the Borrower or any Subsidiary constituting a specific construction project or generating plant as security for any indebtedness incurred for the purpose of financing all or such part, as the case may be, of such construction project or generating plant, and Liens and charges incidental to such construction;

(x)    the right reserved to, or vested in, any municipality or public authority by the terms of any right, power, franchise, grant, license or permit, or by any provision of law, to purchase or


40


recapture or designate a purchaser of any property;

(xi)    Liens on property or assets of any Subsidiary in favor of the Borrower;

(xii)    Liens with respect to which cash in the amount of such Liens has been deposited with the Agent;

(xiii)    Liens on or over specific assets hereafter acquired which are created or assumed contemporaneously with, or within one hundred twenty (120) days after, such acquisition, for the sole purpose of financing or refinancing the acquisition of such assets;

(xiv)    Liens on conservation investment assets as security for obligations incurred in financing or refinancing bondable conservation investments in accordance with Oregon Revised Statutes Section 757.400-450;

(xv)    Liens on cash collateral deposited by the Borrower with counterparties in the ordinary course of the Borrower's purchase and sale of electric energy, coal, oil and natural gas; and

(xvi)    Liens, in addition to those listed in clauses (i) through (xv) above, incurred in the ordinary course of the Borrower's business that in the aggregate do not exceed $20,000,000.

6.11    Indebtedness to Capitalization Ratio. Not permit the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all Consolidated Indebtedness to exceed 65% of Total Capitalization as of the end of any fiscal quarter.

6.12    Merger or Consolidation. Not merge with or into or consolidate with or into any other corporation or entity, unless (i) immediately after giving effect thereto, no event shall occur and be continuing that would constitute a Default or Unmatured Default, (ii) the surviving or resulting person, as the case may be, if not the Borrower, assumes by operation of law or agrees in writing to pay and perform all of the obligations of the Borrower hereunder, (iii) the surviving or resulting person, as the case may be, qualifies or is qualified to do business in the State of Oregon, and (iv) the consolidated net worth (as determined in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles) of the surviving or resulting Person, as the case may be, would be at least equal to the consolidated net worth of the Borrower immediately prior to such merger or consolidation.

6.13    Disposition of Assets. Not sell, lease, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Property or any interest therein, except that this Section 6.13 shall not apply to (a) any disposition of any Property or any interest therein in the ordinary course of business, (b) any disposition of obsolete or retired Property not used or useful in its business, (c) any disposition of any Property or any interest therein (i) for cash or cash equivalent or (ii) in exchange for utility plant, equipment or other utility assets, other than notes or other obligations, in each case equal to the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Borrower) of such Property or interest therein, and provided that such disposition does not constitute a disposition of all or substantially all of the Property of the Borrower and (d) any disposition of any Property or any interest therein in exchange for notes or other obligations substantially equal to the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Borrower) of such asset or interest therein, provided that the aggregate amount of notes or other obligations received after the date hereof from any one obligor in one transaction or a series of transactions shall not exceed 15% of the net asset value of the Borrower.




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ARTICLE VII

DEFAULTS

The occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute a Default:

7.1    Any representation or warranty made or deemed made by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to the Lenders or the Agent under or in connection with this Agreement, any Loan, or any certificate or information delivered in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall be materially false on the date as of which made.

7.2    Nonpayment of principal of any Loan or any L/C Obligation when due, or nonpayment of interest upon any Loan, L/C Obligation or of any facility fee or other Obligation under any of the Loan Documents within five (5) days after the same becomes due.

7.3    The breach by the Borrower of any of the terms or provisions of Sections 6.1 (with respect to the Borrower), 6.7, 6.9(v)(a), 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, or 6.13.

7.4    The breach by the Borrower (other than a breach which constitutes a Default under another Section of this Article VII) of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement which is not remedied within thirty (30) days after written notice from the Agent or any Lender.

7.5    (a) To the extent not waived, or if applicable, cured, (i) the failure of the Borrower or any Subsidiary to pay when due any Indebtedness aggregating in excess of $10,000,000 ("Material Indebtedness"); (ii) the default by the Borrower or any Significant Subsidiary in the performance (beyond the applicable grace period with respect thereto, if any) of any term, provision or condition contained in any agreement under which any such Material Indebtedness was created or is governed, or any other event shall occur or condition exist, the effect of which default or event is to cause, or to permit the holder or holders of such Material Indebtedness to cause, such Material Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity; or (iii) any Material Indebtedness of the Borrower or any Significant Subsidiary shall be declared to be due and payable or required to be prepaid or repurchased (other than by a regularly scheduled payment) prior to the stated maturity thereof; or (b) the Borrower or any of its Significant Subsidiaries shall not pay, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay, its debts generally as they become due.

7.6    The Borrower or any Significant Subsidiary shall (i) have an order for relief entered with respect to it under the Federal bankruptcy laws as now or hereafter in effect, (ii) make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, (iii) apply for, seek, consent to, or acquiesce in, the appointment of a receiver, custodian, trustee, examiner, liquidator or similar official for it or any Substantial Portion of its Property, (iv) institute any proceeding seeking an order for relief under the Federal bankruptcy laws as now or hereafter in effect or seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking dissolution, winding up, liquidation, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of it or its debts under any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization or relief of debtors or fail to file an answer or other pleading denying the material allegations of any such proceeding filed against it, (v) take any corporate or partnership action to authorize or effect any of the foregoing actions set forth in this Section 7.6 or (vi) fail to contest in good faith any appointment or proceeding described in Section 7.7.

7.7    Without the application, approval or consent of the Borrower or the applicable Significant Subsidiary, a receiver, trustee, examiner, liquidator or similar official shall be appointed for the Borrower or such Significant Subsidiary or any Substantial Portion of its Property, or a proceeding described in Section 7.6(iv) shall be instituted against the Borrower or such Significant Subsidiary and such appointment continues


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undischarged or such proceeding continues undismissed or unstayed for a period of thirty (30) consecutive days.

7.8    Any court, government or governmental agency shall condemn, seize or otherwise appropriate, or take custody or control of, all or any portion of Property of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries which, when taken together with all other Property of the Borrower and its Significant Subsidiaries so condemned, seized, appropriated, or taken custody or control of, during the twelve-month period ending with the month in which any such action occurs, constitutes a Substantial Portion.

7.9    The Borrower or any Significant Subsidiary shall fail within sixty (60) days to pay, bond or otherwise discharge in accordance with its terms one or more (i) judgments or orders for the payment of money in excess of $10,000,000 (or the equivalent thereof in currencies other than U.S. Dollars) in the aggregate, or (ii) nonmonetary judgments or orders which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, which judgment(s), in any such case, is/are not stayed on appeal or otherwise being appropriately contested in good faith.

7.10    Except as disclosed in the Disclosure Documents, the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate incurs any liability to the PBGC (other than liability for premium payments which are paid when due) or a Benefit Plan pursuant to Title IV of ERISA or the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate incurs any withdrawal liability pursuant to Title IV of ERISA with respect to a Benefit Plan or Multiemployer Benefit Plan (determined as of the date of notice of such withdrawal liability) in excess of $10,000,000.

ARTICLE VIII

ACCELERATION, WAIVERS, AMENDMENTS AND REMEDIES

8.1    Acceleration. If any Default described in Section 7.6 or 7.7 occurs with respect to the Borrower, the Commitment of each Lender hereunder shall automatically terminate, the Obligations shall immediately become due and payable and the Borrower shall automatically be required to Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations, in each case without further act of the Agent or any Lender and without any election or action on the part of the Agent or any Lender. If any other Default occurs, the Required Lenders (or the Agent with the consent of the Required Lenders) may (i) terminate or suspend the Aggregate Commitments, (ii) declare the Obligations to be due and payable or (iii) require that the Borrower Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations (in an amount equal to the then Outstanding Amount thereof), or all of the foregoing, whereupon such Aggregate Commitments shall be immediately terminated or suspended and/or the Obligations shall become immediately due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or notice of any kind, all of which the Borrower hereby expressly waives.

8.2    Amendments. Subject to the provisions of this Article VIII, the Required Lenders (or the Agent with the consent in writing of the Required Lenders) and the Borrower may enter into agreements supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding or modifying any provisions to the Loan Documents or changing in any manner the rights of the Lenders or the Borrower hereunder or waiving any Default hereunder; provided that no such supplemental agreement shall, without the consent of all of the Lenders affected thereby:

(i)    Extend the final maturity of any Loan to a date after the Final Termination Date, or forgive all or any portion of the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest or fees thereon.

(ii)    Reduce the percentage specified in the definition of Required Lenders.


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(iii)    Extend the Final Termination Date (except as provided in Section 2.18), increase the amount of the Commitment of any Lender hereunder or permit the Borrower to assign its rights under this Agreement.

(iv)    Amend this Section 8.2.

(v)    Amend Section 11.2.

No amendment of any provision of this Agreement relating to the Agent shall be effective without the written consent of the Agent. No amendment, waiver or consent shall affect the rights or duties of the L/C Issuers under this Agreement or any Issuer Document relating to any Letter of Credit issued or to be issued by them without the written consent of the L/C Issuers. The Agent may waive payment of any fee required under Section 12.3(a)(iv) without obtaining the consent of any other party to this Agreement.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Defaulting Lender shall have any right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent hereunder (and any amendment, waiver or consent which by its terms requires the consent of all Lenders or each affected Lender may be effected with the consent of the applicable Lenders other than Defaulting Lenders), except that (x) the Commitment of any Defaulting Lender may not be increased or extended without the consent of such Lender and (y) any waiver, amendment or modification requiring the consent of all Lenders or each affected Lender that by its terms affects any Defaulting Lender more adversely than other affected Lenders shall require the consent of such Defaulting Lender.

8.3    Preservation of Rights. No delay or omission of the Lenders or the Agent to exercise any right under the Loan Documents shall impair such right or be construed to be a waiver of any Default or an acquiescence therein, and the making of a Credit Extension notwithstanding the existence of a Default or the inability of the Borrower to satisfy the conditions precedent to such Credit Extension shall not constitute any waiver or acquiescence. Any single or partial exercise of any such right shall not preclude other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, and no waiver, amendment or other variation of the terms, conditions or provisions of the Loan Documents whatsoever shall be valid unless in writing signed by the Lenders required pursuant to Section 8.2, and then only to the extent in such writing specifically set forth. All remedies contained in the Loan Documents or by law afforded shall be cumulative and all shall be available to the Agent and the Lenders until the Obligations have been paid in full.


ARTICLE IX

GENERAL PROVISIONS

9.1    Survival of Representations. All representations and warranties of the Borrower contained in this Agreement shall survive the making of the Credit Extensions herein contemplated.

9.2    Governmental Regulation. Anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, no Lender shall be obligated to extend credit to the Borrower in violation of any limitation or prohibition provided by any applicable statute or regulation.

9.3    Headings. Section headings in the Loan Documents are for convenience of reference only, and shall not govern the interpretation of any of the provisions of the Loan Documents.

9.4    Entire Agreement. The Loan Documents embody the entire agreement and understanding


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among the Borrower, the Agent and the Lenders and supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the Borrower, the Agent and the Lenders relating to the subject matter thereof (including the indemnity, confidentiality, advisory and fiduciary provisions in that certain commitment letter dated as of November 4, 2011 among the Borrower, Bank of America, Barclays Bank PLC and the Arrangers), other than documentation of the fees described in Sections 2.5 and 10.13.

9.5    Several Obligations; Benefits of this Agreement. The respective obligations of the Lenders hereunder are several and not joint and no Lender shall be the partner or agent of any other (except to the extent to which the Agent is authorized to act as such). The failure of any Lender to perform any of its obligations hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender from any of its obligations hereunder. This Agreement shall not be construed so as to confer any right or benefit upon any Person other than the parties to this Agreement and their respective successors and assigns, provided that the parties hereto expressly agree that the Arrangers shall enjoy the benefits of the provisions of Sections 9.6, 9.10 and 10.11 to the extent specifically set forth therein and shall have the right to enforce such provisions on its own behalf and in its own name to the same extent as if it were a party to this Agreement.

9.6    Expenses; Indemnification.

(i)    The Borrower shall reimburse the Agent and the Arrangers for all reasonable costs, internal charges and out of pocket expenses (including attorneys' fees and time charges of attorneys for the Agent, which attorneys may be employees of the Agent, and any fees for the IntraLinks electronic delivery system) paid or incurred by the Agent or the Arrangers in connection with the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery, syndication, review, amendment, modification, and administration of the Loan Documents. The Borrower also agrees to reimburse the Agent, the Arrangers, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders for all reasonable costs, internal charges and out of pocket expenses (including attorneys' fees and time charges of attorneys for the Agent, the Arrangers, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders, which attorneys may be employees of the Agent, the Arrangers or the Lenders) paid or incurred by the Agent, any Arranger, any L/C Issuer or any Lender in connection with the collection and enforcement of the Loan Documents.

(ii)    The Borrower hereby further agrees to indemnify the Agent, each Arranger, each L/C Issuer, each Lender, their respective affiliates, and each of their directors, officers, trustees and employees against all losses, claims, damages, penalties, judgments, liabilities and reasonable expenses (including, without limitation, all reasonable expenses of litigation or preparation therefor whether or not the Agent, any Arranger, any L/C Issuer, any Lender or any affiliate is a party thereto and whether or not such investigation, litigation or proceeding is brought by you, your equityholders or creditors or any other party) which any of them may pay or incur arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the other Loan Documents, the transactions contemplated hereby or the application of the proceeds of any Credit Extension hereunder except to the extent that they are determined in a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the party seeking indemnification. The obligations of the Borrower under this Section 9.6 shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

9.7    Numbers of Documents. All statements, notices, closing documents, and requests hereunder shall be furnished to the Agent with sufficient counterparts so that the Agent may furnish one to each of the Lenders.

9.8    Accounting. Except as provided to the contrary herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted and all accounting determinations hereunder shall be made in accordance with Agreement Accounting Principles. If at any time any change in the Agreement Accounting Principles would affect the


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computation of the financial ratio or requirement set forth in any Loan Document, and either the Borrower or the Required Lenders shall so request, the Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in the Agreement Accounting Principles (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided that, until so amended, (i) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with the Agreement Accounting Principles prior to such change therein and (ii) the Borrower shall provide to the Agent and the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement or as reasonably requested hereunder setting forth a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in the Agreement Accounting Principles.

9.9    Severability of Provisions. Any provision in any Loan Document that is held to be inoperative, unenforceable, or invalid in any jurisdiction shall, as to that jurisdiction, be inoperative, unenforceable, or invalid without affecting the remaining provisions in that jurisdiction or the operation, enforceability, or validity of that provision in any other jurisdiction, and to this end the provisions of all Loan Documents are declared to be severable. Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.9, if and to the extent that the enforceability of any provisions in this Agreement relating to Defaulting Lenders shall be limited by bankruptcy or other similar debtor relief laws, as determined in good faith by the Agent or the L/C Issuers, as applicable, then such provisions shall be deemed to be in effect only to the extent not so limited.

9.10    Nonliability of Lenders. The relationship between the Borrower on the one hand and the Lenders, the Arrangers and the Agent on the other hand shall be solely that of borrower and lender. None of the Agent, any Arranger or any Lender shall have any fiduciary responsibilities to the Borrower. None of the Agent, any Arranger or any Lender undertakes any responsibility to the Borrower to review or inform the Borrower of any matter in connection with any phase of the Borrower's business or operations. The Borrower agrees that none of the Agent, any Arranger or any Lender shall have liability to the Borrower for losses suffered by the Borrower in connection with, arising out of, or in any way related to, the transactions contemplated and the relationship established by the Loan Documents, or any act, omission or event occurring in connection therewith, except to the extent determined in a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction. Neither the Agent, any Arranger or any Lender nor the Borrower shall have any liability with respect to, and the Borrower (with respect to the Agent, each Arranger and each Lender) and the Agent, each Arranger and each Lender (with respect to the Borrower) hereby waives, releases and agrees not to sue for any special, indirect or consequential damages suffered by any such party in connection with, arising out of, or in any way related to the Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated thereby.

9.11    Confidentiality. Each Lender agrees to hold any confidential information which it may receive from the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement in confidence, except for disclosure (i) to its Affiliates and to other Lenders and their respective Affiliates, (ii) to legal counsel, accountants, and other professional advisors to such Lender or to a Transferee, (iii) to regulatory officials, (iv) to any Person as requested pursuant to or as required by law, regulation, or legal process, (v) to any Person in connection with any legal proceeding to which such Lender is a party, (vi) to such Lender's direct or indirect contractual counterparties in swap agreements or to legal counsel, accountants and other professional advisors to such counterparties, (vii) permitted by Section 12.4, (viii) to rating agencies if required by such agencies in connection with a rating relating to the Advances hereunder, and (ix) to the extent required in connection with the exercise of any remedy or any enforcement of this Agreement by such Lender or the Agent; provided that, in the case of clauses (i), (ii), (vi) and (vii), the recipient of such information shall be advised that the information is confidential and shall agree to be bound by the confidentiality obligations of this Section 9.11; and provided further, that in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), the recipient needs to know such information in connection with such Lender's or applicable Transferee's exercise of rights and performance of obligations under this Agreement.


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Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of confidential information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such confidential information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.

Each of the Agent and the Lenders acknowledges that (a) the confidential information may include material non-public information concerning the Borrower or a Subsidiary, as the case may be, (b) it has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of material non-public information and (c) it will handle such material non-public information in accordance with applicable law, including United States federal and state securities laws.

9.12    Nonreliance. Each Lender hereby represents that it is not relying on or looking to any Margin Stock for the repayment of the Credit Extension provided for herein.

9.13    No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship.

9.14    USA PATRIOT ACT NOTIFICATION. The following notification is provided to the Borrower pursuant to Section 326 of the USA Patriot Act of 2001, 31 U.S.C. Section 5318:

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PROCEDURES FOR OPENING A NEW ACCOUNT. To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or entity that opens an account, including any deposit account, treasury management account, loan, other extension of credit, or other financial services product. What this means for the Borrower: When the Borrower opens an account, if the Borrower is an individual, the Agent and the Lenders will ask for the Borrower's name, residential address, tax identification number, date of birth, and other information that will allow the Agent and the Lenders to identify the Borrower, and, if the Borrower is not an individual, the Agent and the Lenders will ask for the Borrower's name, tax identification number, business address, and other information that will allow the Agent and the Lenders to identify the Borrower. The Agent and the Lenders may also ask, if the Borrower is an individual, to see the Borrower's driver's license or other identifying documents, and, if the Borrower is not an individual, to see the Borrower's legal organizational documents or other identifying documents.

9.15    Letter of Credit Amounts.

Unless otherwise specified herein, the amount of a Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to be the stated amount of such Letter of Credit in effect at such time; provided, however, that with respect to any Letter of Credit that, by its terms or the terms of any Issuer Document related thereto, provides for one or more automatic increases in the stated amount thereof, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be the maximum stated amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all such increases, whether or not such maximum stated amount is in effect at such time.



ARTICLE X

THE AGENT

10.1    Appointment; Nature of Relationship. Bank of America is hereby appointed by each of


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the Lenders as its contractual representative (herein referred to as the "Agent") hereunder and under each other Loan Document, and each of the Lenders irrevocably authorizes the Agent to act as the contractual representative of such Lender with the rights and duties expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents. The Agent agrees to act as such contractual representative upon the express conditions contained in this Article X. Notwithstanding the use of the defined term "Agent," it is expressly understood and agreed that the Agent shall not have any fiduciary responsibilities to any Lender by reason of this Agreement or any other Loan Document and that the Agent is merely acting as the contractual representative of the Lenders with only those duties as are expressly set forth in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. In its capacity as the Lenders' contractual representative, the Agent (i) does not hereby assume any fiduciary duties to any of the Lenders, (ii) is a "representative" of the Lenders within the meaning of Section 9‑102(a)(72) of the Uniform Commercial Code and (iii) is acting as an independent contractor, the rights and duties of which are limited to those expressly set forth in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Each of the Lenders hereby agrees to assert no claim against the Agent on any agency theory or any other theory of liability for breach of fiduciary duty, all of which claims each Lender hereby waives.

10.2    Powers. The Agent shall have and may exercise such powers under the Loan Documents as are specifically delegated to the Agent by the terms of each thereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. The Agent shall have no implied duties to the Lenders, or any obligation to the Lenders to take any action thereunder except any action specifically provided by the Loan Documents to be taken by the Agent.

10.3    General Immunity. Neither the Agent nor any of its directors, officers, agents or employees, in each case acting in its capacity as Agent and not as Lender, shall be liable to the Borrower, the Lenders or any Lender for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it or them hereunder or under any other Loan Document or in connection herewith or therewith except for its or their breach of the Agent's obligations hereunder or thereunder or to the extent such action or inaction is determined in a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have arisen from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Person.

10.4    Responsibility for Loans, Recitals, etc. Neither the Agent nor any of its directors, officers, agents or employees shall be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain, inquire into, or verify (a) any statement, warranty or representation made in connection with any Loan Document or any borrowing hereunder; (b) the performance or observance of any of the covenants or agreements of any obligor under any Loan Document, including, without limitation, any agreement by an obligor to furnish information directly to each Lender; (c) the satisfaction of any condition specified in Article IV, except receipt of items required to be delivered solely to the Agent; (d) the existence or possible existence of any Default or Unmatured Default; or (e) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness, sufficiency or genuineness of any Loan Document or any other instrument or writing furnished in connection therewith. The Agent shall have no duty to disclose to the Lenders information that is not required to be furnished by the Borrower to the Agent at such time, but is voluntarily furnished by the Borrower to the Agent (either in its capacity as Agent or in its individual capacity).

10.5    Action on Instructions of Lenders. The Agent shall in all cases be fully protected in acting, or in refraining from acting, hereunder and under any other Loan Document in accordance with written instructions signed by the Required Lenders (or, when expressly required hereunder, all of the Lenders), and such instructions and any action taken or failure to act pursuant thereto shall be binding on all of the Lenders. The Lenders hereby acknowledge that the Agent shall be under no duty to take any discretionary action permitted to be taken by it pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement or any other Loan Document unless it shall be requested in writing to do so by the Required Lenders. The Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any action hereunder and under any other Loan Document unless it shall first be indemnified


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to its satisfaction by the Lenders pro rata against any and all liability, cost and expense that it may incur by reason of taking or continuing to take any such action.

10.6    Employment of Agents and Counsel. The Agent may execute any of its duties as Agent hereunder and under any other Loan Document by or through employees, agents, and attorneys in fact and shall not be answerable to the Lenders, except as to money or securities received by it or its authorized agents, for the default or misconduct of any such agents or attorneys in fact selected by it with reasonable care. The Agent shall be entitled to advice of counsel concerning the contractual arrangement between the Agent and the Lenders and all matters pertaining to the Agent's duties hereunder and under any other Loan Document.

10.7    Reliance on Documents; Counsel. The Agent shall be entitled to rely upon any notice, consent, certificate, affidavit, letter, telegram, statement, paper or document believed by it to be genuine and correct and to have been signed or sent by the proper person or persons, and, in respect to legal matters, upon the opinion of counsel selected by the Agent, which counsel may be employees of the Agent.

10.8    Agent's Reimbursement and Indemnification. The Lenders agree to reimburse and indemnify the Agent ratably in proportion to their respective Commitments (or, if the Commitments have been terminated, in proportion to their Commitments immediately prior to such termination) (i) for any amounts not reimbursed by the Borrower for which the Agent is entitled to reimbursement by the Borrower under the Loan Documents, (ii) for any other expenses incurred by the Agent on behalf of the Lenders, in connection with the preparation, execution, delivery, administration and enforcement of the Loan Documents (including, without limitation, for any expenses incurred by the Agent in connection with any dispute between the Agent and any Lender or between two or more of the Lenders) and (iii) for any liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind and nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Agent in any way relating to or arising out of the Loan Documents or any other document delivered in connection therewith or the transactions contemplated thereby (including, without limitation, for any such amounts incurred by or asserted against the Agent in connection with any dispute between the Agent and any Lender or between two or more of the Lenders), or the enforcement of any of the terms of the Loan Documents or of any such other documents, provided that (i) no Lender shall be liable for any of the foregoing to the extent any of the foregoing is found in a final non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Agent and (ii) any indemnification required pursuant to Section 3.5(vii) shall, notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10.8, be paid by the relevant Lender in accordance with the provisions thereof. The obligations of the Lenders under this Section 10.8 shall survive payment of the Obligations and termination of this Agreement.

10.9    Notice of Default. The Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Unmatured Default hereunder unless the Agent has received written notice from a Lender or the Borrower referring to this Agreement describing such Default or Unmatured Default and stating that such notice is a "notice of default". In the event that the Agent receives such a notice, the Agent shall give prompt notice thereof to the Lenders and, in the case of a "notice of default" received from a Lender, to the Borrower.

10.10    Rights as a Lender. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article X, in the event the Agent is a Lender, the Agent shall have the same rights, powers, and obligations hereunder and under any other Loan Document with respect to its Commitment and its Loans as any Lender and may exercise such rights and powers, and shall comply with such obligations, as though it were not the Agent, and the term "Lender" or "Lenders" shall, at any time when the Agent is a Lender, unless the context otherwise indicates, include the Agent in its individual capacity. The Agent and its Affiliates may accept deposits from,


49


lend money to, and generally engage in any kind of trust, debt, equity or other transaction, in addition to those contemplated by this Agreement or any other Loan Document, with the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in which the Borrower or such Subsidiary is not restricted hereby from engaging with any other Person. The Agent in its individual capacity is not obligated to remain a Lender.

10.11    Lender Credit Decision. Each Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Agent, the Arrangers or any other Lender and based on the financial statements prepared by the Borrower and such other documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Each Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Agent, the Arrangers or any other Lender and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

10.12    Successor Agent. The Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Lenders and the Borrower, such resignation to be effective upon the appointment of a successor Agent or, if no successor Agent has been appointed, forty‑five (45) days after the retiring Agent gives notice of its intention to resign. The Agent may be removed at any time with or without cause by written notice received by the Agent from the Required Lenders, such removal to be effective on the date specified by the Required Lenders. Upon any such resignation or removal, the Required Lenders shall have the right to appoint with the Borrower's written consent, not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, on behalf of the Borrower and the Lenders, a successor Agent. If no successor Agent shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders within thirty (30) days after the resigning Agent's giving notice of its intention to resign, then the resigning Agent may appoint with the Borrower's written consent, not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, on behalf of the Borrower and the Lenders, a successor Agent. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, the Agent may at any time without the consent of any Lender and with the consent of the Borrower, not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, appoint any of its Affiliates which is a commercial bank as a successor Agent hereunder. If the Agent has resigned or been removed and no successor Agent has been appointed, the Lenders may perform all the duties of the Agent hereunder and the Borrower shall make all payments in respect of the Obligations to the applicable Lender and for all other purposes shall deal directly with the Lenders. No successor Agent shall be deemed to be appointed hereunder until such successor Agent has accepted the appointment. Any such successor Agent shall be a commercial bank having capital and retained earnings of at least $100,000,000. Upon the acceptance of any appointment as Agent hereunder by a successor Agent, such successor Agent shall thereupon succeed to and become vested with all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the resigning or removed Agent. Upon the effectiveness of the resignation or removal of the Agent, the resigning or removed Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the Loan Documents. After the effectiveness of the resignation or removal of an Agent, the provisions of this Article X shall continue in effect for the benefit of such Agent in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was acting as the Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents. In the event that there is a successor to the Agent by merger, or the Agent assigns its duties and obligations to an Affiliate pursuant to this Section 10.12, then the term "prime rate" as used in this Agreement shall mean the prime rate, base rate or other analogous rate of the new Agent.

Any resignation by or removal of Bank of America as Agent pursuant to this Section shall also constitute its resignation or removal as a L/C Issuer. Upon the acceptance of a successor's appointment as Agent hereunder, (i) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges, obligations and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer, (ii) the retiring L/C Issuer shall be discharged from all of their respective duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents, and (iii) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding


50


at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to the retiring L/C Issuer to effectively assume the obligations of the retiring L/C Issuer with respect to such Letters of Credit.

10.13    Agent and Arranger Fees. The Borrower agrees to pay to the Agent and the Arrangers, for their own respective accounts, the fees agreed to by the Borrower, the Agent and the Arrangers, including, without limitation, the fees agreed to pursuant to the letter agreement dated November 4, 2011, among the Borrower, the Agent and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and the letter agreement dated November 4, 2011 between the Borrower and Barclays Bank PLC, or as otherwise agreed to from time to time.

10.14    Delegation to Affiliates. The Borrower and the Lenders agree that the Agent may delegate any of its duties under this Agreement to any of its Affiliates. Any such Affiliate (and such Affiliate's directors, officers, agents and employees) which performs duties in connection with this Agreement shall be entitled to the same benefits of the indemnification, waiver and other protective provisions to which the Agent is entitled under Articles IX and X.

10.15    Other Agents. The Lenders identified on the signature pages of this Agreement or otherwise herein, or in any amendment hereof or other document related hereto, as being the "Syndication Agent" or a "Co-Documentation Agent" (collectively, the "Other Agents"), shall have no rights, powers, obligations, liabilities, responsibilities or duties under this Agreement other than those applicable to all Lenders as such. Without limiting the foregoing, the Other Agents and the Arrangers shall not have or be deemed to have any fiduciary relationship with any Lender. Each Lender acknowledges that it has not relied, and will not rely, on the Other Agents or the Arrangers in deciding to enter into this Agreement or in taking or refraining from taking any action hereunder or pursuant hereto.


ARTICLE XI

SETOFF; RATABLE PAYMENTS

11.1    Setoff. In addition to, and without limitation of, any rights of the Lenders under applicable law, if a Default occurs, any and all deposits (including all account balances, whether provisional or final and whether or not collected or available) and any other Indebtedness at any time owing by any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender to or for the credit or account of the Borrower may be offset and applied toward the payment of the Obligations owing to such Lender, whether or not the Obligations, or any part thereof, shall then be due, provided each Lender agrees, solely for the benefit of the other Lenders and not for the benefit of the Borrower, that it shall not exercise any right provided for in this Section 11.1 without the prior consent of the Required Lenders; provided, further, that in the event that any Defaulting Lender shall exercise any such right of setoff, (x) all amounts so set off shall be paid over immediately to the Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.21 and, pending such payment, shall be segregated by such Defaulting Lender from its other funds and deemed held in trust for the benefit of the Agent and the Lenders, and (y) the Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender as to which it exercised such right of setoff.

11.2    Ratable Payments. If any Lender, whether by setoff or otherwise, has payment made to it upon its Outstanding Credit Exposure (other than payments received pursuant to Section 2.20, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4 or 3.5) in a greater proportion than that received by any other Lender, such Lender agrees, promptly upon demand, to purchase a portion of the Aggregate Outstanding Credit Exposure held by the other Lenders so that after such purchase each Lender will hold its Pro Rata Share of the Aggregate Outstanding Credit


51


Exposure. If any Lender, whether in connection with setoff or amounts which might be subject to setoff or otherwise, receives collateral or other protection for its Obligations or such amounts which may be subject to setoff, such Lender agrees, promptly upon demand, to take such action necessary such that all Lenders share in the benefits of such collateral ratably in proportion to their respective Pro Rata Shares. In case any such payment is disturbed by legal process, or otherwise, appropriate further adjustments shall be made.


ARTICLE XII

BENEFIT OF AGREEMENT; ASSIGNMENTS; PARTICIPATIONS

12.1    Successors and Assigns. The terms and provisions of the Loan Documents shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Borrower and the Lenders and their respective successors and assigns, except that (i) the Borrower shall not have the right to assign its rights or obligations under the Loan Documents and (ii) any assignment by any Lender must be made in compliance with Section 12.3. The parties to this Agreement acknowledge that clause (ii) of this Section 12.1 relates only to absolute assignments and does not prohibit assignments creating security interests, including, without limitation, any pledge or assignment by any Lender of all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment creating a security interest shall release the transferor Lender from its obligations hereunder unless and until the parties thereto have complied with the provisions of Section 12.3. The Agent may treat the Person which made any Loan or which holds any Note as the owner thereof for all purposes hereof unless and until such Person complies with Section 12.3; provided that the Agent may in its discretion (but shall not be required to) follow instructions from the Person which made any Loan to direct payments relating to such Loan to another Person. Any assignee of the rights to any Loan agrees by acceptance of such assignment to be bound by all the terms and provisions of the Loan Documents. Any request, authority or consent of any Person, who at the time of making such request or giving such authority or consent is the owner of the rights to any Loan, shall be conclusive and binding on any subsequent holder or assignee of the rights to such Loan.

12.2    Participations.

(a)    Permitted Participants; Effect. Any Lender may, in the ordinary course of its business and in accordance with applicable law, at any time sell to one or more banks or other entities ("Participants") participating interests in any Outstanding Credit Exposure of such Lender, any Commitment of such Lender or any other interest of such Lender under the Loan Documents. In the event of any such sale by a Lender of participating interests to a Participant, such Lender's obligations under the Loan Documents shall remain unchanged, such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations, such Lender shall remain the owner of its Outstanding Credit Exposure for all purposes under the Loan Documents, all amounts payable by the Borrower under this Agreement shall be determined as if such Lender had not sold such participating interests, and the Borrower and the Agent shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender's rights and obligations under the Loan Documents.

(b)    Voting Rights. Each Lender shall retain the sole right to approve, without the consent of any Participant, any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of the Loan Documents other than any amendment, modification or waiver with respect to any Credit Extension or Commitment in which such Participant has an interest which forgives principal, interest or fees or reduces the interest rate or fees payable with respect to any such Loan, L/C Obligation or Commitment, extends the Final Termination Date, postpones any date fixed for any regularly


52


scheduled payment of principal of, or interest or fees on, any such Credit Extension or Commitment.

12.3    Assignments.

(a)    Assignments by Lenders. Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Loans (including for purposes of this subsection (b), participations in L/C Obligations) at the time owing to it); provided that any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions:

(i)    Minimum Amounts.

(A)    in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender's Commitment and the related Loans at the time owing to it or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, no minimum amount need be assigned; and

(B)    in any case not described in subsection (a)(i)(A) of this Section, the aggregate amount of the Commitment (which for this purpose includes Loans outstanding thereunder) or, if the Commitment is not then in effect, the principal outstanding balance of the Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment, determined as of the date the Assignment Agreement with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if "Trade Date" is specified in the Assignment Agreement, as of the Trade Date, shall not be less than $5,000,000 unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided, however, that concurrent assignments to members of an Assignee Group and concurrent assignments from members of an Assignee Group to a single assignee (or to an assignee and members of its Assignee Group) will be treated as a single assignment for purposes of determining whether such minimum amount has been met.

(ii)    Proportionate Amounts. Each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender's Loans and Commitments, and rights and obligations with respect thereto, assigned.
    
(iii)    Required Consents. No consent shall be required for any assignment except to the extent required by subsection (a)(i)(B) of this Section and, in addition:

(A)    the consent of the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld) shall be required unless (1) a Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such assignment or (2) such assignment is to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; provided that the Borrower shall be deemed to have consented to any such assignment unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Agent within five (5) Business Days after having received notice thereof;

(B)    the consent of the Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required for assignments in respect of any Commitment if such assignment is to a Person that is not a Lender with a Commitment, an Affiliate of such Lender or an Approved Fund with respect to such Lender; and


53



(C)    the consent of the L/C Issuer (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required for any assignment that increases the obligation of the assignee to participate in exposure under one or more Letters of Credit (whether or not then outstanding).

(iv)    Assignment and Assumption. The parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Agent an Assignment Agreement, together with a processing and recordation fee in the amount of $3,500; provided, however, that the Agent may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive such processing and recordation fee in the case of any assignment. The assignee, if it shall not be a Lender, shall deliver to the Agent an administrative questionnaire in a form acceptable to the Agent.

(v)    No Assignment to Certain Persons. No such assignment shall be made to (A) the Borrower or any of the Borrower's Affiliates or Subsidiaries, (B) any Defaulting Lender or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Person who, upon becoming a Lender hereunder, would constitute any of the foregoing Persons described in this clause (B), or (C) a natural person.

(vi)    Certain Additional Payments. In connection with any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder, no such assignment shall be effective unless and until, in addition to the other conditions thereto set forth herein, the parties to the assignment shall make such additional payments to the Agent in an aggregate amount sufficient, upon distribution thereof as appropriate (which may be outright payment, purchases by the assignee of participations or subparticipations, or other compensating actions, including funding, with the consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, the applicable pro rata share of Loans previously requested but not funded by the Defaulting Lender, to each of which the applicable assignee and assignor hereby irrevocably consent), to (x) pay and satisfy in full all payment liabilities then owed by such Defaulting Lender to the Agent or any Lender hereunder (and interest accrued thereon) and (y) acquire (and fund as appropriate) its full pro rata share of all Loans and participations in Letters of Credit in accordance with its Pro Rata Share. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder shall become effective under applicable law without compliance with the provisions of this paragraph, then the assignee of such interest shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender for all purposes of this Agreement until such compliance occurs.

Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Agent pursuant to subsection (b) of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment Agreement, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment Agreement, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment Agreement, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment Agreement covering all of the assigning Lender's rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Article III and Section 9.6 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment). Upon request, the Borrower (at its expense) shall execute and deliver a Note to the assignee Lender. Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this subsection shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement


54


as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with Section 12.2.

(b)    Register. The Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower (and such agency being solely for tax purposes), shall maintain at the Agent's office a copy of each Assignment Agreement delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amounts of the Loans and L/C Obligations owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the "Register"). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, and the Borrower, the Agent and the Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. In addition, the Agent shall maintain on the Register information regarding the designation, and revocation of designation, of any Lender as a Defaulting Lender. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.

(c)    Resignation as L/C Issuer after Assignment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if at any time an L/C Issuer assigns all of its Commitment and Loans pursuant to subsection (a) above, such L/C Issuer may, upon thirty days' notice to the Borrower and the Lenders, resign as an L/C Issuer. In the event of any such resignation as L/C Issuer, the Borrower shall be entitled to appoint from among the Lenders a successor L/C Issuer hereunder; provided, however, that no failure by the Borrower to appoint any such successor shall affect the resignation of such L/C Issuer. If an L/C Issuer resigns as L/C Issuer, it shall retain all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the L/C Issuer hereunder with respect to all Letters of Credit outstanding as of the effective date of its resignation as L/C Issuer and all L/C Obligations with respect thereto (including the right to require the Lenders to make Loans or fund risk participations). Upon the appointment of a successor L/C Issuer, (1) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer and (2) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to the resigning L/C Issuer to effectively assume the obligations of resigning L/C Issuer with respect to such Letters of Credit.

12.4    Dissemination of Information. The Borrower authorizes each Lender to disclose to any Participant or Purchaser or any other Person acquiring an interest in the Loan Documents by operation of law (each a "Transferee") and any prospective Transferee any and all information in such Lender's possession concerning the creditworthiness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, including without limitation any information contained in any Annual Report on Form 10-K or any Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; provided that each Transferee and prospective Transferee agrees to be bound by Section 9.11 of this Agreement.

12.5    Tax Treatment. If any interest in any Loan Document is transferred to any Transferee which is organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States or any State thereof, the transferor Lender shall cause such Transferee, concurrently with the effectiveness of such transfer, to comply with the provisions of Section 3.5(iv) and Section 3.5(vi), as applicable.

12.6    Designation of SPVs.

(a)    Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, any Lender (a "Granting Lender") may grant to a special purpose funding vehicle (an "SPV", identified as such in writing from time to time by such Granting Lender to the Agent and the Borrower) the option to fund all or any part of any Advance or fee or expense reimbursement or other obligation (each, a "Lender Funding Obligation") that such Granting Lender would otherwise be obligated to fund pursuant to


55


this Agreement; provided that (i) nothing herein shall constitute a commitment by any SPV to fund any Lender Funding Obligation, (ii) if an SPV elects not to exercise such option or otherwise fails to fund all or any part of any such Lender Funding Obligation, the Granting Lender shall be obligated to fund such Lender Funding Obligation pursuant to the terms hereof, (iii) no SPV shall exercise any voting rights pursuant to Section 8.2 (such voting rights to be exercised instead by such Granting Lender) and (iv) with respect to notices, payments and other matters hereunder, the Borrower, the Agent and the Lenders shall not be obligated to deal with an SPV, but may limit their communications and other dealings relevant to such SPV to the applicable Granting Lender. The funding of any Lender Funding Obligation by an SPV hereunder shall utilize the Commitment of the Granting Lender to the same extent that, and as if, such Lender Funding Obligation were funded by such Granting Lender.

(b)    As to any Lender Funding Obligations or portion thereof made by it, each SPV shall have all the rights that its applicable Granting Lender making such Lender Funding Obligations or portion thereof would have had under this Agreement; provided that each SPV shall have granted to its Granting Lender an irrevocable power of attorney to deliver and receive all communications and notices under this Agreement (and any related documents) and to exercise on such SPV's behalf, all of such SPV's voting rights under this Agreement. No additional Note shall be required to evidence the Lender Funding Obligations or portion thereof made by an SPV; and the related Granting Lender shall be deemed to hold its Note as agent for such SPV to the extent of the Lender Funding Obligations or portion thereof funded by such SPV. In addition, any payments for the account of any SPV shall be paid to its Granting Lender as agent for such SPV.

(c)    Each party hereto hereby agrees that no SPV shall be liable for any indemnity or payment under this Agreement for which a Lender would otherwise be liable for so long as, and to the extent, the Granting Lender provides such indemnity or makes such payment. In furtherance of the foregoing, each party hereto hereby agrees (which agreements shall survive the termination of this Agreement) that, prior to the date that is one year and one day after the payment in full of all outstanding commercial paper or other senior indebtedness of any SPV, it will not institute against, or join any other person in instituting against, such SPV any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings under the laws of the United States or any State thereof.

(d)    In addition, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, any SPV may (i) at any time and without paying any processing fee therefor, assign or participate all or a portion of its interest in any Lender Funding Obligations to the Granting Lender or to any financial institutions providing liquidity and/or credit support to or for the account of such SPV to support the funding or maintenance of Lender Funding Obligations and (ii) disclose on a confidential basis any non-public information relating to its Lender Funding Obligations to any rating agency, commercial paper dealer or provider of any surety, guarantee or credit or liquidity enhancements to such SPV. This Section 12.6 may not be amended without the written consent of any Granting Lender affected thereby.




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ARTICLE XIII

NOTICES

13.1    Notices.

(a)    Except as otherwise permitted by Section 2.12 with respect to borrowing notices, all notices, requests and other communications to any party hereunder shall be in writing (including electronic transmission, facsimile transmission or similar writing) and shall be given to such party at its address or facsimile number set forth on Schedule 13.1 or at such other address or facsimile number as such party may hereafter specify for the purpose by notice to the Agent and the Borrower in accordance with the provisions of this Section 13.1. Each such notice, request or other communication shall be effective (i) if given by facsimile transmission, when transmitted to the facsimile number specified in this Section and confirmation of receipt is received, (ii) if given by mail, 72 hours after such communication is deposited in the mails with first class postage prepaid, addressed as aforesaid, (iii) if given by any other means, when delivered at the address specified in this Section or (iv) if given by electronic transmission, as provided in Section 13.1(b); provided that notices to the Agent under Article II shall not be effective until received.

(b)    Notices and other communications to the Lenders hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Agent or as otherwise determined by the Agent, provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender pursuant to Article II if such Lender has notified the Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices under such Article by electronic communication. The Agent or the Borrower may, in its respective discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it or as it otherwise determines, provided that such determination or approval may be limited to particular notices or communications. Unless the Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender's receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the "return receipt requested" function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), provided that if such notice or other communication is not given during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient, and (ii) notices or communications posted to an internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor.

13.2    Change of Address. The Borrower, the Agent and any Lender may each change the address for service of notice upon it by a notice in writing to the other parties hereto.





ARTICLE XIV

COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one agreement, and any of the parties hereto may execute this Agreement by signing any such counterpart. Delivery of an executed counterpart hereof or a signature page hereto by facsimile shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart.


ARTICLE XV

CHOICE OF LAW; CONSENT TO JURISDICTION

15.1    CHOICE OF LAW. THE LOAN DOCUMENTS (OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINING A CONTRARY EXPRESS CHOICE OF LAW PROVISION) SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, BUT GIVING EFFECT TO FEDERAL LAWS APPLICABLE TO NATIONAL BANKS.

15.2    CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. THE BORROWER HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF ANY UNITED STATES FEDERAL OR NEW YORK STATE COURT SITTING IN NEW YORK, NEW YORK IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO ANY LOAN DOCUMENTS AND THE BORROWER HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN ANY SUCH COURT AND IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE AS TO THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN SUCH A COURT OR THAT SUCH COURT IS AN INCONVENIENT FORUM. NOTHING HEREIN SHALL LIMIT THE RIGHT OF THE AGENT OR ANY LENDER TO BRING PROCEEDINGS AGAINST THE BORROWER IN THE COURTS OF ANY OTHER JURISDICTION. ANY JUDICIAL PROCEEDING BY THE BORROWER AGAINST THE AGENT OR ANY LENDER OR ANY AFFILIATE OF THE AGENT OR ANY LENDER INVOLVING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY MATTER IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF, RELATED TO, OR CONNECTED WITH ANY LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL BE BROUGHT ONLY IN A COURT IN NEW YORK, NEW YORK.

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]





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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Borrower, the Lenders and the Agent have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.


PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
 
 
By:
/s/ MARIA M. POPE
Name:
Maria M. Pope
Title:
Senior Vice President - Finance
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer








BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Agent
 
 
By:
/s/ DORA A. BROWN
Name:
Dora A. Brown
Title:
Vice President
 
 

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ DARYL K. HOGGE
Name:
Daryl K. Hogge
Title:
Senior Vice President
 
 

BARCLAYS BANK PLC, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ ANN E. SUTTON
Name:
Ann E. Sutton
Title:
Director
 
 

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ HOLLAND H. WILLIAMS
Name:
Holland H. Williams
Title:
AVP & Portfolio Mgr.
 
 




DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ JOHN S. MCGILL
Name:
John S. McGill
Title:
Director
 
 
By:
/s/ VIRGINIA COSENZA
Name:
Virginia Cosenza
Title:
Vice President

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ JOHN E. ZUR
Name:
John E. Zur
Title:
Authorized Officer
 
 

THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ THANE RATTEW
Name:
Thane Rattew
Title:
Managing Director
 
 

THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ BRANDON ROLEK
Name:
Brandon Rolek
Title:
Vice President
 
 

ASSOCIATED BANK, N.A., as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ KRISTIN A. ISLEIB
Name:
Kristin A. Isleib
Title:
Senior Vice President
 
 



FIRST COMMERCIAL BANK, LTD., LOS ANGELES BRANCH, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ JENN HWA WANG
Name:
Jenn Hwa Wang
Title:
VP & General Manager
 
 

COBANK, ACB, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ JOSH BATCHELDER
Name:
Josh Batchelder
Title:
Vice President
 
 

BANK OF THE WEST, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ BRETT GERMAN
Name:
Brett German
Title:
Vice President
 
 

MEGA INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK CO., LTD. NEW YORK BRANCH, as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ PRISCILLA HSING
Name:
Priscilla Hsing
Title:
VP & DGM
 
 

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., as a Lender
 
 
By:
/s/ YANN BLINDERT
Name:
Yann Blindert
Title:
Director
 
 

EX 12.1 20111231


EXHIBIT 12.1
PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
$
204,714

 
$
178,158

 
$
131,636

 
$
121,825

 
$
220,123

Total fixed charges
126,766

 
131,486

 
129,948

 
111,589

 
98,682

Total earnings
$
331,480

 
$
309,644

 
$
261,584

 
$
233,414

 
$
318,805

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed charges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
$
110,413

 
$
110,240

 
$
103,389

 
$
90,257

 
$
74,362

Capitalized interest
3,059

 
9,097

 
11,816

 
6,184

 
9,596

Interest on certain long-term power contracts
8,764

 
8,068

 
10,038

 
10,010

 
9,552

Estimated interest factor in rental expense
4,530

 
4,081

 
4,705

 
5,138

 
5,172

Total fixed charges
$
126,766

 
$
131,486

 
$
129,948

 
$
111,589

 
$
98,682

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
2.61

 
2.35

 
2.01

 
2.09

 
3.23




EX 23.1 20111231


EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-170686 on Form S-3 and Registration Statement Nos. 333-135726, 333-142694, and 333-158059 on Form S-8 of our report dated February 23, 2012, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Portland General Electric Company, and the effectiveness of Portland General Electric Company’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Portland General Electric Company for the year ended December 31, 2011.



/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Portland, Oregon
February 23, 2012


EX 31.1 20111231


EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, James J. Piro, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Portland General Electric Company;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 23, 2012
 
/s/ JAMES J. PIRO
 
 
James J. Piro
 
 
President and
Chief Executive Officer




EX 31.2 20111231


EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Maria M. Pope, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Portland General Electric Company;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 23, 2012
 
/s/ MARIA M. POPE
 
 
Maria M. Pope
 
 
Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer




EX 32.1 20111231


EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

We, James J. Piro, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Maria M. Pope, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer, of Portland General Electric Company (the “Company”), hereby certify that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2012 pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of that section.

We further certify that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ JAMES J. PIRO
 
/s/ MARIA M. POPE
James J. Piro
 
Maria M. Pope
President and
Chief Executive Officer
 
Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer
 
 
 
Date: February 23, 2012
 
Date: February 23, 2012