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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM10-K
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 001-05532-99
 
PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Oregon93-0256820
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
121 S.W. Salmon Street
Portland, Oregon 97204
(503) 464-8000
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code,
and Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
(Title of class)(Trading symbol)(Name of exchange on which registered)
Common Stock, no par valuePORNew York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate market value of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $4,297,974,093. For purposes of this calculation, executive officers and directors are considered affiliates.

As of February 8, 2023, there were 89,312,765 shares of common stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Part III, Items 10 - 14
Portions of Portland General Electric Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 21, 2023.


PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Item 16.
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DEFINITIONS

The abbreviations or acronyms defined below are used throughout this Form 10-K:
 
Abbreviation or AcronymDefinition
AFUDCAllowance for funds used during construction
AROAsset retirement obligation
AUTAnnual Power Cost Update Tariff
BeaverBeaver natural gas-fired generating plant
Biglow CanyonBiglow Canyon Wind Farm
BoardmanBoardman coal-fired generating plant
BPABonneville Power Administration
CartyCarty natural gas-fired generating plant
ColstripColstrip Units 3 and 4 coal-fired generating plant
Coyote SpringsCoyote Springs Unit 1 natural gas-fired generating plant
DthDecatherm = 10 therms = 1,000 cubic feet of natural gas
EIMEnergy Imbalance Market
EPAUnited States Environmental Protection Agency
ESSElectricity Service Supplier
FERCFederal Energy Regulatory Commission
FMBFirst Mortgage Bond
FPAFederal Power Act
GRCGeneral Rate Case for a specified test year
IRPIntegrated Resource Plan
ISFSIIndependent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
kVKilovolt = one thousand volts of electricity
Moody’sMoody’s Investors Service
MWMegawatts
MWaAverage megawatts
MWhMegawatt hours
NRCNuclear Regulatory Commission
NVPCNet Variable Power Costs
OATTOpen Access Transmission Tariff
OPUCPublic Utility Commission of Oregon
PCAMPower Cost Adjustment Mechanism
PTCFederal production tax credit
PW1Port Westward Unit 1 natural gas-fired generating plant
PW2Port Westward Unit 2 natural gas-fired flexible capacity generating plant
QFPublic Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) qualifying facility
RACRenewable Adjustment Clause
RPSRenewable Portfolio Standard
S&PS&P Global Ratings
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
TrojanTrojan nuclear power plant
Tucannon RiverTucannon River Wind Farm
USDOEUnited States Department of Energy
WheatridgeWheatridge Renewable Energy Facility
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PART I
 
ITEM 1.     BUSINESS.

General

Portland General Electric Company (PGE or the Company), a vertically-integrated electric utility with corporate headquarters located in Portland, Oregon, is engaged in the generation, wholesale purchase, transmission, distribution, and retail sale of electricity in the state of Oregon (State). The Company operates as a cost-based, regulated electric utility with revenue requirements and customer prices determined based on the forecasted cost to serve retail customers and a reasonable rate of return as determined by the Public Utility Commission of Oregon (OPUC). PGE meets its retail load requirement with both Company-owned generation and power purchased in the wholesale market. The Company participates in the wholesale market through the purchase and sale of electricity and natural gas in an effort to obtain reasonably-priced power to serve its retail customers. PGE is committed to developing products and service offerings for the benefit of retail and wholesale customers. PGE, incorporated in 1930, is publicly-owned, with its common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The Company operates as a single business segment, with revenues and costs related to its business activities maintained and analyzed on a total electric operations basis. The Company owns unregulated, non-utility real estate comprised primarily of PGE’s corporate headquarters.

PGE’s State-approved service area allocation of four thousand square miles is located entirely within Oregon and includes 51 incorporated cities. During 2022, the Company added nine thousand customers, and as of December 31, 2022, served a total of 926 thousand retail customers.    

Available Information

PGE’s periodic and current reports, and amendments to those reports, are available and may be accessed free of charge through the Investors section of the Company’s website at PortlandGeneral.com as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). It is not intended that PGE’s website and the information contained therein or connected thereto be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Regulation

Federal and State regulation each have a significant influence on PGE’s business operations. In addition to the agencies and activities discussed below, the Company is subject to regulation by certain environmental agencies, as described in the Environmental Matters section in this Item 1.

Federal Regulation

Several federal agencies, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), have regulatory authority over certain of PGE’s operations and activities, as described in the discussion that follows.

PGE is a “licensee,” a “public utility,” and a “user, owner, and operator of the bulk power system,” as those terms are defined in the Federal Power Act (FPA). As such, the Company is subject to regulation by the FERC in matters related to wholesale energy activities, transmission services, reliability and cybersecurity standards, natural gas pipelines, hydroelectric projects, accounting policies and practices, short-term debt issuances, and certain other matters.

Wholesale Energy—PGE has authority under its FERC Market-Based Rates tariff to charge market-based rates for wholesale energy sales in all markets in which it sells electricity except in its own Balancing Authority Area (BAA).
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The BAA is the area in which PGE is responsible for balancing customer demand with electricity supply, in real time, and the tariff exception within PGE’s BAA does not have a material impact on the Company.

Transmission—PGE offers wholesale electricity transmission service pursuant to its Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT), which contains rates, terms, and conditions of service, as filed with, and approved by, the FERC.

Reliability and Cybersecurity Standards—The FERC has adopted mandatory reliability standards for owners, users, and operators of the bulk power system. Such standards, which are applicable to PGE, were developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), which have responsibility for compliance and enforcement of these standards, and are intended to help protect critical cyber and physical assets used to support reliable operations.

Natural Gas Pipelines—The FERC has authority in matters related to the construction, operation, extension, enlargement, safety, and abandonment of jurisdictional interstate natural gas pipeline facilities, as well as transportation rates and accounting for interstate natural gas commerce. PGE is subject to such authority as the Company has a 79.5% ownership interest in the Kelso-Beaver (KB) Pipeline, a 17-mile, 20-inch diameter, interstate pipeline that provides natural gas to Port Westward Unit 1 (PW1), Port Westward Unit 2 (PW2), and Beaver, the Company’s natural gas-fired generating plants located near Clatskanie, Oregon, to the North Mist storage facility (owned and operated by a local natural gas distribution company), and to one additional local delivery point that serves a manufacturing concern. As the operator of record of the KB Pipeline, PGE is subject to the requirements and regulations enacted under the Pipeline Safety Laws administered by the PHMSA, which include safety and operator qualification standards in addition to public awareness requirements.

Hydroelectric Licensing—As required under the FPA, PGE holds FERC licenses for all Company-owned and operated hydroelectric generating plants. The FERC license process includes an extensive public review process that involves the consideration of numerous natural resource issues and environmental conditions. For additional information, see the Environmental Matters section in this Item 1. and the Generating Facilities section in Item 2.—“Properties.”

Accounting Policies and Practices—PGE prepares periodic and current reports in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). In addition, the Company prepares, pursuant to applicable provisions of the FPA, financial statements in accordance with the accounting requirements of the FERC, as set forth in its applicable Uniform System of Accounts and published accounting releases. Such financial statements are included in annual and quarterly reports filed with the FERC.

Short-term Debt—Pursuant to applicable provisions of the FPA and FERC regulations, regulated public utilities are required to obtain FERC approval to issue certain securities. For additional information on the Company’s Short-term Debt, see “Short-term Debt” in the Debt and Equity section of Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Spent Fuel Storage—The NRC regulates the licensing and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, including PGE’s decommissioned Trojan nuclear power plant (Trojan), which was closed in 1993. For additional information on spent nuclear fuel storage activities, see Note 8, Asset Retirement Obligations in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Hazardous Material” in the Environmental Matters section of this Item 1.

State Regulation

PGE is subject to the jurisdiction of the OPUC, which reviews and approves the Company’s retail prices and reviews the Company’s generation and transmission resource acquisition plans, pursuant to a biennial integrated resource planning process. The OPUC regulates the issuance of securities, prescribes accounting policies and practices, regulates the sale of utility assets, reviews transactions with affiliated companies, and has jurisdiction over the acquisition of, or exertion of substantial influence over, public utilities.
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Retail customer prices are determined through formal public proceedings that generally include testimony by participating parties, discovery, public hearings, and the issuance of a final order by the OPUC. Participants in such proceedings may include PGE, OPUC staff, and intervenors representing PGE customer groups, as well as other interested parties. The following lists the more significant regulatory mechanisms and proceedings under which customer prices are determined:
•General Rate Cases. PGE periodically evaluates the need to update its retail electric price structure as part of a comprehensive general rate case process that reflects revenue requirements based on a forecasted test year. The OPUC authorizes the Company’s debt-to-equity capital structure, return on equity, overall rate of return, and customer prices.
•Annual Power Cost Updates. The OPUC has approved an Annual Power Cost Update Tariff (AUT) by which PGE can adjust retail customer prices annually to reflect forecasted changes in the Company’s net variable power costs (NVPC). NVPC consists of the cost of power purchased and fuel used to generate electricity, as well as the cost of settled electric and natural gas financial contracts (all classified as Purchased power and fuel expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income) and is net of wholesale revenues, which are classified in the consolidated statements of income as Revenues, net. The OPUC has also authorized a Power Cost Adjustment Mechanism (PCAM), under which PGE may share with customers a portion of actual cost variances associated with NVPC.
•Renewable Energy. The State has a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) that requires PGE to serve a portion of its retail load with renewable resources. In conjunction with the RPS, the State established a Renewable Adjustment Clause (RAC) mechanism that allows for the recovery in retail customer prices, outside of a general rate case, of prudently incurred costs to comply with the RPS.
◦In 2016, the State also passed Oregon Senate Bill (SB) 1547, a law referred to as the Oregon Clean Electricity and Coal Transition Plan, which, among its provisions, increased the RPS percentages in certain future years and required the elimination of coal from Oregon utility customers’ energy supply. For further information on SB 1547, see “RPS standards and other laws” in the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
◦During 2021, the State legislature passed House Bill (HB) 2021, which establishes clean energy targets and sets out a framework that includes, among other things, the development and submittal of clean energy plans for investor-owned utilities, including PGE, and electric service suppliers in the State. The targets are an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, 90% by 2035, and 100% by 2040 and every year thereafter. For further information on HB 2021 and the baseline to which the target reductions apply, see “HB 2021” in the Laws and Regulations portion of the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Regulatory Accounting

PGE prepares financial statements in accordance with GAAP and, as a regulated public utility, the effects of rate regulation are reflected in its financial statements. GAAP provides for the deferral, as regulatory assets, of certain actual or estimated costs that would otherwise be charged to expense, based on expected recovery from customers in future prices. Likewise, certain actual or anticipated credits that would otherwise be recognized as revenue or reduce expense can be deferred as regulatory liabilities, based on expected future credits or refunds to customers. PGE records regulatory assets or liabilities if it is probable that they will be reflected in future prices, based on regulatory orders or other available evidence.

The Company periodically assesses the applicability of regulatory accounting to its business, considering both the current and anticipated future regulatory environment and related accounting guidance. For additional information, see “Regulatory Assets and Liabilities” in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 7,
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Regulatory Assets and Liabilities, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Customers and Revenues

PGE generates revenue primarily through the sale and delivery of electricity to retail customers located exclusively in Oregon. In addition, the Company distributes power to customers that choose to purchase their energy from an Electricity Service Supplier (ESS). Although the Company includes such Direct Access customers in its customer counts and energy delivered to such commercial and industrial customers in its total retail energy deliveries, retail revenues include only delivery charges and applicable transition adjustments for these Direct Access customers, as the customers purchase energy directly from the ESSs. The Company conducts retail electric operations within its State-approved service territory and competes with ESSs to supply certain commercial and industrial customer energy needs. In addition, PGE competes with the local natural gas distribution company for the energy needs of residential and commercial space heating, water heating, and appliances. Energy efficiency, conservation measures, and the advancement of distributed generation, including rooftop solar, and storage resources also have an influence on customer demand.

Retail Revenues

Retail customers are classified as residential, commercial, or industrial, with no single customer representing more than 8% of PGE’s total retail revenues or 13% of total retail deliveries.

PGE’s Retail revenues, retail energy deliveries, and average number of retail customers consist of the following:
Years Ended December 31,
202220212020
Retail revenues (1) (dollars in millions):
Residential$1,158 52 %$1,118 54 %$1,030 53 %
Commercial735 33 708 34 634 33 
Industrial312 14 279 13 246 13 
Subtotal2,205 99 2,105 101 1,910 99 
Alternative revenue programs, net of amortization11 1 (29)(1)(6)— 
Other accrued revenues, net (2)
7 — 2 — 28 1 
Total retail revenues$2,223 100 %$2,078 100 %$1,932 100 %
Retail energy deliveries (3) (MWh in thousands):
Residential8,088 38 %7,978 39 %7,756 40 %
Commercial7,198 34 7,193 35 6,855 35 
Industrial5,945 28 5,361 26 4,932 25 
Total retail energy deliveries21,231 100 %20,532 100 %19,543 100 %
Average number of retail customers:
Residential809,573 88 %800,372 88 %791,119 88 %
Commercial112,602 12 111,569 12 110,851 12 
Industrial269 — 268 — 267 — 
Total922,444 100 %912,209 100 %902,237 100 %
(1)Includes both revenues from customers who purchase their energy supplies from the Company and revenues from the delivery of energy to those commercial and industrial customers that purchase their energy from ESSs.
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(2)Amount for the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily comprised of $24 million of amortization, including interest, related to the deferral recorded in 2018 for the net tax benefits due to the change in corporate tax rate under the United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA).
(3)Includes both energy sold to retail customers and energy deliveries to those commercial and industrial customers that purchase their energy from ESSs.

The following table presents additional annual averages for retail customers. Certain supplemental tariff collections are excluded from revenues as they are not considered a part of the Company’s base retail prices for these calculations.
Years Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Residential
Revenue per customer (in dollars):$1,362 $1,320 $1,226 
Usage per customer (in kilowatt hours):9,991 9,968 9,804 
Revenue per kilowatt hour (in cents):13.63 ¢13.24 ¢12.50 ¢
Commercial
Revenue per customer (in dollars):$6,491 $6,303 $5,684 
Usage per customer (in kilowatt hours):63,923 64,478 61,837 
Revenue per kilowatt hour (in cents):10.15 ¢9.78 ¢9.19 ¢
Industrial
Revenue per customer (in dollars):$1,156,371 $1,044,314 $921,540 
Usage per customer (in kilowatt hours):22,097,472 20,002,246 18,472,161 
Revenue per kilowatt hour (in cents):5.23 ¢5.22 ¢4.99 ¢

For additional information, see the Results of Operations section in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

In addition to standard cost-of-service pricing, the Company offers different pricing options including a daily market price option, various time-of-use options, and several renewable energy options. For additional information on customer options, see “Customer Choice Programs” within this Customers and Revenues section of this Item 1.

Residential customers include single family housing, multiple family housing (such as apartments, duplexes, and town homes), mobile homes, and small farms. Residential demand is sensitive to the effects of weather. The Company had seen its highest peak demand during the winter heating season although increased use of air conditioning in PGE’s service territory has caused the summer peaks to increase over time. In recent years, including 2022, summer peaks have exceeded winter peaks and long-term load forecasts expect that trend to continue. An extreme winter temperature event on December 22, 2022, caused a new winter peak for the first time since 1998. Economic conditions can also affect residential demand as job growth and population growth in PGE’s service territory have led to increased customer growth rates. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced additional behavioral patterns as residential customers spend more time at home. Residential demand is also impacted by energy efficiency measures and increased rooftop solar penetration in the service territory; however, the Company’s decoupling mechanism was intended to mitigate the financial effects of such measures. For further information regarding the decoupling mechanism, see “Decoupling” among the Regulatory Matters in the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Commercial customers consist of non-residential customers who accept energy deliveries at voltages equivalent to those delivered to residential customers. This customer class includes most businesses, small industrial companies, and public street and highway lighting accounts. The Company’s commercial customer demand is somewhat less susceptible to weather conditions than residential customer demand. Economic conditions and fluctuations in total employment in the region can lead to changes in energy demand from commercial customers. Energy efficiency measures also impact commercial demand, as measures have focused in the commercial sector in recent years, although the Company’s decoupling mechanism was intended to partially mitigate the financial effects of such measures. For further information regarding the decoupling mechanism, see “Decoupling” among the Regulatory
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Matters in the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Industrial customers consist of non-residential customers who accept delivery at higher voltages than commercial customers, with pricing based on the amount of electricity delivered under the applicable tariff. Demand from industrial customers is primarily driven by economic conditions, with weather having little impact on this customer class.

Customer Choice Programs—Under cost-of-service pricing, residential and small commercial customers may select portfolio options from PGE that include time-of-use and renewable resource pricing.

Pricing options other than cost-of-service are available to certain commercial and industrial customers for a one-year period, including daily market index-based pricing under which the Company provides the electricity, and Direct Access, whereby customers purchase electricity directly from an ESS.

PGE receives revenue from Direct Access customers only for the transmission and delivery of the volume of electricity delivered, along with fixed transition adjustments intended to mitigate the shifting of excess charges to the Company’s cost-of-service customers. Certain large commercial and industrial customers may elect a fixed three-year or a minimum five-year term, to be served either by an ESS, or by the Company under the daily market index-based price option. Participation in the fixed three-year and minimum five-year opt-out programs for existing and planned load is capped at 300 average megawatts (MWa) in aggregate.

In 2020, the OPUC issued an order that required PGE to begin offering, to eligible customers, enrollment in the New Large Load Direct Access program, which is capped at 119 MWa in total, for unplanned, large, new loads and large load growth at existing sites.

For further information regarding Direct Access deliveries, see “Customers and demand” in the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

PGE’s customers have a desire for purchasing clean energy, as over 234 thousand residential and small commercial customers voluntarily participate in PGE’s Green Future Program, the largest renewable power program by participation in the nation. Oregon’s most populous city, Portland, and most populous county, Multnomah, have each passed resolutions to achieve 100 percent clean and renewable electricity by 2035 and 100 percent economy-wide clean and renewable energy by 2050. Other jurisdictions in PGE’s service area have set, or are considering, similar goals.

The Company implemented a new customer service option, the Green Future Impact Program, which allows for 100 MW of PGE-provided power purchase agreements for renewable resources and up to 200 MW of customer-provided renewable resources. Approved by the OPUC in 2019, the program provides business customers access to bundled renewable attributes from those resources. In March 2021, the OPUC issued an order that expanded the program by 200 MW and provided for the possibility of PGE ownership of the underlying renewable resources under certain conditions. Through this voluntary program, the Company seeks to align sustainability goals, cost and risk management, and reliable integrated power while providing customer choice and a cleaner energy system. In December 2021, the OPUC issued an order, which approved a petition to increase capacity under the customer-provided renewable resources by 250 MW, which brings the total available capacity under the program to 750 MW. For more information on the Company’s power purchase agreements that currently serve the Green Future Impact Program, see “Green Future Impact Program” within Purchased Power in the Power Supply section of this Item 1.

Wholesale Revenues

PGE participates in the wholesale electricity marketplace in order to balance its supply of power to meet the needs of its retail customers. Interconnected transmission systems in the western United States serve utilities with diverse load requirements and allow the Company to purchase and sell electricity, largely through bi-lateral agreements,
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within the region to serve retail demand. PGE’s engagement in the wholesale electricity marketplace depends upon numerous factors, including the relative price and availability of power, hydro and wind conditions, and daily and seasonal retail demand. The Company also participates in the California Independent System Operator’s western Energy Imbalance Market (western EIM), which allows for load balancing with other western EIM participants in five-minute intervals. Wholesale revenues represented 14% of total revenues in 2022, 11% in 2021, and 8% in 2020.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues consist primarily of gains and losses on the sale of natural gas volumes purchased that exceeded what was needed to fuel the Company’s generating facilities, as well as revenues from transmission services, excess transmission capacity resales, pole attachment rentals, and other electric services provided to customers. Other operating revenues represented 2% of total revenues in 2022, 3% in 2021, and 2% in 2020.

Seasonality

Demand for electricity by PGE’s residential and, to a lesser extent, commercial customers is affected by seasonal weather conditions. The Company uses heating and cooling degree-days to determine the effect of weather on the demand for electricity. Heating and cooling degree-days, determined by taking the difference between the average daily temperature and a baseline of 65 degrees, provide cumulative variances over a period of time, to indicate the extent to which customers are likely to have used electricity for heating or cooling. The higher the number of degree-days, the greater the expected demand for electricity.

The following table presents the heating and cooling degree-days for the most recent three-year period, along with current 15-year averages for the most recent year provided by the National Weather Service, as measured at Portland International Airport:
 Heating
Degree-Days		Cooling
Degree-Days
20224,103865
20213,828838
20203,836600
15-year average4,103569
In June 2021, PGE set a new all-time high net system load peak of 4,453 megawatts (MW), surpassing the previous all-time peak that occurred in December 1998 by more than 9%. While the Company’s previous summer peak of 3,976 MW had occurred in August 2017, that level has been exceeded now in each of the past two summers. In December 2022, a new winter peak of 4,113 MW occurred. The following table presents PGE’s average winter (defined as January, February, and December) and summer (defined as June through September) loads for the periods presented, along with the corresponding peak load (in MWs) and month in which such peak occurred. As illustrated, although the average winter loads continue to exceed average summer loads, the Company has seen its highest annual peak loads during the summer months in recent years:
Winter LoadsSummer Loads
AveragePeakMonthAveragePeakMonth
20222,7734,113December2,5294,255July
20212,6593,629December2,4924,453June
20202,5663,367December2,2893,771July

The Company tracks and evaluates both load growth and peak load requirements for purposes of long-term load forecasting, integrated resource planning, and preparing general rate case assumptions. Behavior patterns, conservation, energy efficiency initiatives and measures, weather effects, economic conditions, distributed generation including rooftop solar, transportation and building electrification, and demographic changes all play a
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role in determining expected future customer demand and the resulting resources the Company may need to adequately meet those loads and maintain adequate capacity reserves.

Power Supply

PGE utilizes its generating resources, as well as wholesale power purchases from third parties to meet the needs of its retail customers. The volume of electricity the Company generates is dependent upon, among other factors, the capacity and availability of its generating resources and the price and availability of wholesale power and natural gas. As part of its power supply operations, the Company enters into short- and long-term power and fuel purchase and sale agreements. PGE executes economic dispatch decisions concerning its own generation and participates in the wholesale market in an effort to obtain reasonably-priced power for its retail customers, manage risk, and administer its long-term wholesale contracts. The Company also performs portfolio management and wholesale market sales services for third parties in the region. The Company also encourages energy efficiency measures to help meet its energy requirements and promotes the use of various demand side management products to reduce load during peak time usage.

PGE’s resource and contracted capacity (in MW) was as follows:
 As of December 31,
 20222021
 Capacity%Capacity%
Generation:
Thermal (1):
Natural gas1,842 32 %1,842 35 %
Coal296 4 296 5 
Total thermal2,138 37 2,138 40 
Wind (2)
817 15 817 16 
Hydro (3)
419 7 495 9 
Total generation3,374 59 3,450 65 
Purchased power:
Long-term contracts:
Hydro (3)
871 15 803 15 
PURPA qualifying facilities (4)
315 5 298 6 
Dispatchable standby generation130 2 130 2 
Capacity100 2 100 2 
Wind (2)
300 5 300 6 
Solar (5)
57 1 7 — 
Biomass10 — 10 — 
Total long-term contracts1,783 31 1,648 31 
Short-term contracts597 10 216 4 
Total purchased power capacity2,380 41 1,864 35 
Total resource capacity5,754 100 %5,314 100 %
(1)Capacity represents the MW the plants are capable of generating under normal operating conditions, which is affected by ambient temperatures, net of electricity used in the operation of the plant.
(2)Capacity represents nameplate and differs from expected energy to be generated, which is expected to have a capacity factor range from 30 to 40%, dependent upon wind conditions.
(3)Capacity represents net capacity and differs from expected energy to be generated, which is expected to have a capacity factor range from 40 to 50%, dependent upon river flows.
(4)Capacity represents contracted capacity for power purchase agreements (PPAs) under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA).
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(5)Capacity includes 50 MW from the solar component of Wheatridge. The Wheatridge facility also includes 30 MW related to the battery component which is not reflected in the table above.
For information regarding actual generating output and purchases for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, see the Results of Operations section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Generation

PGE’s generating resources consist of six thermal plants (natural gas- and coal-fired), three wind farms, and seven hydroelectric facilities. The portion of PGE’s retail load requirements generated by its plants varies from year to year and is determined by various factors, including planned and unplanned outages, availability and price of coal and natural gas, precipitation and snow-pack levels, the market price of electricity, and wind variability. For a complete listing of these facilities, see “Generating Facilities” in Item 2.—“Properties.”

Thermal    The Company has five natural gas-fired generating facilities: PW1, PW2, Beaver, Coyote Springs Unit 1 (Coyote Springs), and Carty Generating Station (Carty).

The Company operated, and continues to have a 90% ownership interest in the Boardman coal-fired generating plant (Boardman), which ceased coal-fired operations during the fourth quarter of 2020. The Company has begun decommissioning the facility. The Company also has a 20% ownership interest in the Colstrip Units 3 and 4 coal-fired generating plant (Colstrip), which is located in Colstrip, Montana and operated by a third party. For additional information on Colstrip as it relates to environmental laws and regulations in the State, see “RPS standards and other laws” in the Overview section in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 19, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Wind     PGE owns and operates two wind farms, Biglow Canyon Wind Farm (Biglow Canyon) and Tucannon River Wind Farm (Tucannon River). Biglow Canyon, located in Sherman County, Oregon, consists of 217 turbines with a total nameplate capacity of 450 MW. Tucannon River, located in southeastern Washington, consists of 116 turbines with a total nameplate capacity of 267 MW. During 2020, the wind component of the Wheatridge Renewable Energy Facility (Wheatridge), located in Morrow County, Oregon, was placed into service. Although PGE does not operate Wheatridge, it owns 40 turbines with a total nameplate capacity of 100 MW and purchases the output of the remaining turbines, with a nameplate capacity of 200 MW through power purchase agreement. PGE and NextEra Energy Resources, LLC, a subsidiary of NextEra Energy, Inc. have entered into agreements to construct a 311 MW wind energy facility, which will be part of the larger Clearwater Wind development in Eastern Montana. This additional wind capacity is not reflected in the table above. For more information regarding the Clearwater Wind development, see “The Resource Planning Process” within the “Overview” section of Item 7— “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Hydro    The Company’s FERC-licensed hydroelectric projects consist of Pelton/Round Butte on the Deschutes River near Madras, Oregon (discussed below), four plants on the Clackamas River, and one on the Willamette River.

As of December 31, 2021, PGE had a 66.67% ownership interest in the 455 MW Pelton/Round Butte hydroelectric project on the Deschutes River, with the remaining interest held by the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon (CTWS). A 50-year joint license for the project, which is operated by PGE, was issued by the FERC in 2005. The CTWS had an option to purchase an additional undivided 16.66% ownership interest in Pelton/Round Butte in 2021, and closed on the purchase of this incremental undivided ownership interest on January 1, 2022. As a result, PGE’s ownership interest in the project is 50.01%. CTWS has a second option in
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2036 to purchase an undivided 0.02% interest in Pelton/Round Butte. If the second option is exercised, CTWS’s ownership percentage would exceed 50%. PGE purchases 100% of the CTWS’s share of the project output. For more information see “CTWS” within Purchased Power in the Power Supply section of this Item 1.

Fuel Supply—PGE contracts for natural gas and coal supplies required to fuel the Company’s thermal generating plants, with certain plants also able to operate on fuel oil, if needed. In addition, the Company uses forward, future, swap, and option contracts to manage its exposure to volatility in natural gas prices.

Natural Gas    Physical supplies of natural gas are generally purchased up to twelve months in advance of delivery and based on anticipated operation of the plants. PGE manages the price risk of natural gas supply through the use of financial contracts up to 60 months in advance of expected need of energy.

PGE owns 79.5%, and is the operator of record, of the KB Pipeline, which directly connects PW1, PW2, and Beaver to the Northwest Pipeline, an interstate natural gas pipeline operating between British Columbia and New Mexico. Currently, PGE transports natural gas on the KB Pipeline for its own use under a firm transportation service agreement, with capacity offered to others on an interruptible basis to the extent not utilized by the Company. PGE has access to 111,805 Dth per day of firm natural gas transportation capacity on the Northwest Pipeline to serve the three plants.

PGE has access to 4.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas storage in Mist, Oregon from which it can draw when economic factors favor its use or in the event that natural gas supplies are interrupted. The storage facility, owned and operated by NW Natural, may be utilized to provide fuel to PW1, PW2, and Beaver.

To serve Coyote Springs and Carty, PGE has access to 120,000 Dth per day of firm natural gas transportation capacity on three pipeline systems accessing gas fields in Alberta, Canada.

Coal     The Colstrip co-owners obtain coal to fuel the plant via conveyor belt from a mine that lies adjacent to the facility and is the sole source of coal supply for the plant. The coal supply contract with the owner of the mine is scheduled to expire at the end of 2025. The terms of the contract and the quality of coal are expected to allow the facility to operate within required emissions limits.

    Purchased Power
PGE supplements its own generation with power purchased in the wholesale market to meet its retail load requirements. The Company utilizes short- and long-term wholesale power purchase contracts in an effort to provide the most favorable economic mix on a variable cost basis.

PGE’s medium-term power cost strategy helps mitigate the effect of price volatility on its customers due to changing energy market conditions. The strategy allows the Company to take positions in power and fuel markets up to five years in advance of physical delivery. By purchasing a portion of anticipated energy needs for future years over an extended period, PGE mitigates a portion of the potential future volatility in the average cost of purchased power and fuel.

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The Company’s major power purchase contracts consist of the following (also see the preceding table which summarizes the average resource capabilities related to these contracts):

Hydro—During 2022, the Company had the following agreements:
•Public Utility Districts—PGE has long-term power purchase contracts with certain public utility districts (PUDs) in the state of Washington for a portion of the output of two hydroelectric projects on the mid-Columbia River. Although the projects currently provide PGE a total of 410 MW of capacity through contracts as shown below, actual energy received is dependent upon river flows and capacity amounts may decline over time:

◦162 MW of capacity with Grant County PUD that expires in 2052;

◦148 MW of capacity with Douglas County PUD that expires in 2028; and
◦100 MW of capacity with Douglas County PUD that expires in 2025.

•CTWS—PGE has a long-term agreement under which the Company purchases output from CTWS’ interest in the Pelton/Round Butte hydroelectric project. Although the agreement provides approximately 224 MW of net capacity, actual energy received is dependent upon river flows. The term of the agreement coincides with the term of the FERC license for this project, which expires in 2055. Under a separate PPA executed in 2014, PGE pays fixed capacity and energy charges to CTWS for 100% of its share of the project through 2024. On June 30, 2021 the CTWS notified PGE of their intent to exercise their option to purchase an additional undivided 16.66% ownership interest in Pelton/Round Butte and closed on the purchase on January 1, 2022. As a result of the sale, capacity from company-owned generation decreased by approximately 76 MW, and capacity from purchased power increased by a corresponding amount. Under the PPA, PGE purchases 100% of the CTWS’s additional share of the project and payments under the PPA increase proportionately. In the fourth quarter of 2021, PGE and CTWS executed an additional 16-year PPA which begins on January 1, 2025, that effectively extends the term from 2024 to 2040 and increases the capacity payments in the extension period.
•Other—The remaining capacity is primarily comprised of two additional contracts that provide for the purchase of power generated from hydroelectric projects with capacity of 236 MW in total:
◦200 MW of capacity with Bonneville Power Administration that expires in 2024; and
◦36 MW of capacity with Portland Hydro that expires in 2032

PURPA qualifying facilities—PGE is required to purchase power from PURPA qualifying facilities (QFs), as mandated by federal law. QFs are generating facilities that fall within the following two categories: i) qualifying generation facilities with a capacity of 80 MW or less and whose primary energy source is renewable (hydro, wind, solar, biomass, waste, or geothermal); or ii) qualifying cogeneration facilities that sequentially produce electricity and another form of useful thermal energy (e.g., heat, steam) in a way that is more efficient than the separate production of each form of energy. As of December 31, 2022, PGE had contracts with 67 online QFs, providing a total of 315 MW of capacity. As of December 31, 2022, PGE has six contracts with QFs representing 127 MW of capacity that are not yet operational, of which two of the QF PPAs are in default because the QF has failed to complete construction and become operational by the date required by the PPA. The PPAs provide that the QF has one year to cure its default. If the QF has failed to cure, PGE is permitted to immediately terminate the QF PPA upon expiration of the cure period. The term of a QF PPA generally ranges from 15 to 23 years.


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The expense and volume of purchases from QFs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
20222021
PURPA contract expense (in millions)$62 $55 
MWh purchased under PURPA contracts (in thousands)750 683 
Average cost per MWh from PURPA contracts$82.90 $79.89 

Expenses incurred related to PURPA contracts are included in PGE’s AUT.

Dispatchable Standby Generation (DSG)—PGE has a DSG program under which the Company can start, operate, and monitor customer-owned backup generators when needed to provide NERC-required operating reserves. As of December 31, 2022, there were 59 customer-owned sites with a total DSG capacity of 130 MW. PGE continues to pursue expansion of the program with the goal of having an additional 3 to 10 MW of customer-owned DSG projects online by the end of 2023.

Capacity—PGE has one capacity contract representing up to 100 MW of seasonal capacity during the summer and winter peak periods obtained from a natural gas-fired resource, which expires in 2024.

Wind—PGE has three contracts representing 300 MW of capacity to purchase power generated from renewable wind resources that extend to 2028, 2035, and 2051. The expected energy from these wind resources will vary from the nameplate capacity due to varying wind conditions. PGE and NextEra Energy Resources, LLC, a subsidiary of NextEra Energy, Inc. have entered into agreements to construct a 311 MW wind energy facility, which will be part of the larger Clearwater Wind development in Eastern Montana. This additional wind capacity is not reflected in the table above. For more information regarding the Clearwater Wind development, see “The Resource Planning Process” within the “Overview” section of Item 7— “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Solar—PGE has four contracts representing 57 MW of capacity to purchase power generated from photovoltaic solar projects. Two of these projects extend to 2036 while the other two extend to 2037 and 2042. The expected energy from these solar resources will vary from the nameplate capacity due to varying solar conditions. Construction on the solar and battery components of Wheatridge was completed in 2022. The solar component of Wheatridge supplies the Company with 50 MW of capacity. The facility also includes 30 MW related to the battery component which is not reflected in the table above. Subsidiaries of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC own the solar and battery components, and sell their portion of the output to PGE.

Biomass—PGE has one contract to purchase biomass energy that is set to expire in June 2023.

Green Future Impact Program— PGE has three contracts representing 360 MW of capacity to purchase power generated from renewable resources to support the Green Future Impact Program:
•a 15-year contract with Avangrid Renewables representing 162 MW from a renewable solar facility in Gilliam County, Oregon that was placed in service in January 2023. This additional capacity is not reflected in the table above; and
•a 15-year contract with Avangrid Renewables representing 138 MW from a renewable solar facility in Wasco County, Oregon that is expected to be placed in service in December 2023. This additional capacity is not reflected in the table above.
•a 15-year contract with Avangrid Renewables representing 60 MW from a renewable solar facility in Wasco County, Oregon that is expected to be placed in service in December 2023. This additional capacity is not reflected in the table above.

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For additional information on the Green Future Impact Program, see “Customer Choice Programs” within the Customers and Revenues section of this Item 1.

Short-term contracts—These contracts are for delivery periods of one month up to one year in length. They are entered into with various counterparties to provide additional firm energy to help meet the Company’s load requirements.

PGE also utilizes spot purchases of power in the open market to secure the energy required to serve its retail customers. Such purchases are made under contracts that range in duration from 15 minutes to less than one month. PGE is a market participant in the western EIM, which allows certain of the Company’s generating plants to receive automated dispatch signals from the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) for load balancing with other western EIM participants in five-minute intervals.

For additional information regarding PGE’s power purchase contracts, see Note 16, Commitments and Guarantees and Note 17, Leases, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Future Energy Resource Strategy

PGE’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines the Company’s plan to meet future customer demand and describes PGE’s future energy supply strategy. For a detailed discussion of the IRPs, see “Investing in a Clean Energy Future” within the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Transmission and Distribution

Transmission systems deliver energy from generating facilities to distribution systems for final delivery to customers. PGE schedules energy deliveries over its transmission system in accordance with FERC requirements and operates one BAA in its service territory. In 2022, PGE delivered approximately 27 million megawatt hours (MWh) through 1,255 circuit miles of transmission lines operating at or above 115 kilovolts (kV).

PGE’s transmission system is part of the Western Interconnection, the regional grid in the western United States. The Western Interconnection includes the interconnected transmission systems of 11 western states, two Canadian provinces and parts of Mexico, and is subject to the reliability rules of the WECC and the NERC. PGE relies on transmission contracts with Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to transmit a significant amount of the Company’s generation to serve its distribution system. PGE’s transmission system, together with contractual rights on other transmission systems, enables the Company to integrate and access generation resources to meet its customers’ energy requirements. PGE’s generation is managed on a coordinated basis to obtain maximum load-carrying capability and efficiency. PGE has announced its intention to join the Western Power Pool and a binding resource adequacy program for the region known as the Western Resource Adequacy Program (WRAP). For further information, see “Operating Activities” within the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

The Company’s wholesale transmission activities are regulated by the FERC and are offered on a non-discriminatory basis, with all potential customers provided equal access to PGE’s transmission system through PGE’s OATT. In accordance with its OATT, PGE offers several transmission services to wholesale customers, including:

•Network integration transmission service, a service that integrates generating resources to serve retail loads;

•Short- and long-term firm point-to-point transmission service, a service with fixed delivery and receipt points; and

•Non-firm point-to-point service, an “as available” service with fixed delivery and receipt points.

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For additional information regarding the Company’s transmission and distribution facilities, see “Transmission and Distribution” in Item 2.—“Properties.”

Environmental Matters

PGE’s operations are subject to a wide range of environmental protection laws and regulations, which pertain to air and water quality, endangered species and wildlife protection, and hazardous material. Various state and federal agencies also regulate environmental matters that relate to the siting, construction, and operation of generation, transmission, and substation facilities and the handling, accumulation, clean-up, and disposal of toxic and hazardous substances. In addition, certain of the Company’s hydroelectric projects and transmission facilities are located on property under the jurisdiction of federal and state agencies, and/or tribal entities that have authority in environmental protection matters. The following discussion provides further information on certain environmental regulations that affect the Company’s operations and facilities.

Air Quality

Clean Air Act—PGE’s operations, primarily its thermal generating plants, are subject to regulation under the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), which addresses particulate matter, hazardous air pollutants, and GHG emissions, among other things. Oregon and Montana, the states in which PGE’s thermal facilities are located, also implement and administer certain portions of the CAA and have set standards that are at least as stringent as federal standards. PGE manages its air emissions at its thermal generating plants by the use of low sulfur fuel, emissions and combustion controls and monitoring, and sulfur dioxide allowances awarded under the CAA.

Climate Change—In 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the Clean Power Plan (CPP), under which each state would have to reduce overall carbon dioxide emissions from its power sector on a state-wide basis. In 2016, the United States Supreme Court halted implementation and enforcement of the CPP. In 2018, the EPA proposed the more narrowly focused Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) rule, to repeal and replace the CPP and, in 2019, finalized the ACE rule, which established guidelines for states to develop plans to address GHG emissions from individual, existing coal-fired plants, such as Colstrip in the case of PGE. With the finalization of the ACE rule, the CPP was repealed. However, on January 19, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated the ACE rule and remanded it, in full, back to the EPA. Notwithstanding objections that the EPA intended to issue a new rule that took recent changes in the electricity sector into account, on October 29, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal of the D.C. Circuit decision. The Supreme Court, in a February 28, 2022 decision, determined that the broad approach in the CPP regulating emissions exceeded the powers granted to EPA by Congress. The Court did not expressly determine whether EPA can regulate power sector GHG emissions through its other regulatory authority and the EPA has indicated it intends to issue a proposed successor rule to the CPP in March 2023.

PGE will continue to assess the Supreme Court’s decision, as well as any further EPA response, for impacts on Colstrip and the Company’s existing natural gas fleet.

House Bill (HB) 2021—In June 2021, the Oregon Legislature passed HB 2021, which requires retail electricity providers to reduce GHG emissions associated with serving Oregon retail electricity consumers 80% by 2030, 90% by 2035, and 100% by 2040, compared to their baseline emissions levels. The baseline levels for PGE are the average annual emissions for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012 associated with the electricity sold to its retail electricity consumers as reported to the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ). See “HB 2021” in the Laws and Regulations section of the Overview for additional information.

Any laws that would impose taxes or mandatory reductions in GHG emissions may have a material impact on PGE’s operations, as the Company utilizes fossil fuels in its own power generation and other companies use such fuels to generate power that PGE purchases in the wholesale market. If incremental costs were incurred as a result of changes in the regulations regarding GHG emissions, the Company would seek recovery in customer prices.

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For more information regarding GHG emissions and related environmental regulation, including Oregon’s RPS and the Company’s goals in this area, see “Renewable Energy” under State Regulation in the Regulation section of this Item 1. and “Company Strategy” in the Overview section of Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Water Quality

The federal Clean Water Act requires that any federal license or permit to conduct an activity that may result in a discharge to waters of the United States must first receive a water quality certification or permit from the state in which the activity will occur. In Oregon, Montana, and Washington, the Department of Environmental Quality and Department of Ecology of each state are responsible for reviewing proposed projects under such requirements to ensure that federally approved activities will meet water quality standards and policies established by the respective state. PGE has obtained permits or certificates of compliance for its hydroelectric operations under the FERC licenses and continues to monitor and update equipment to meet federal and state standards.

Threatened and Endangered Species and Wildlife

Fish Protection—The federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) has granted protection to many populations of migratory fish species in the Pacific Northwest. Long-term recovery plans for these species continue to have operational impacts on many of the region’s hydroelectric projects. PGE continues to implement fish protection measures at its hydroelectric projects that were prescribed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service under their authority granted in the ESA and the FPA. Conditions required with the operating licenses are expected to result in a minor reduction in power production and continued capital spending to modify the facilities to enhance fish passage and survival.

Avian Protection—Various statutes, including the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, contain provisions for civil, criminal, and administrative penalties resulting from the unauthorized take of migratory birds and eagles. Because PGE operates facilities that can pose risks to a variety of such birds and eagles, the Company developed an Avian Protection Plan to help address and reduce risks to avian species that may be affected by Company operations. PGE has implemented such a plan for its transmission, distribution, and thermal generation facilities and additional, specific plans for its wind generation facilities.

Hazardous Material

PGE has a comprehensive program to comply with requirements of both federal and state regulations related to the storage, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials. The handling and disposal of hazardous materials from Company facilities is subject to regulation under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In addition, the use, disposal, and clean-up of polychlorinated biphenyls, contained in certain electrical equipment, are regulated under the federal Toxic Substances Control Act.

PGE is also subject to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, commonly referred to as Superfund, which provides authority to the EPA to assert joint and several liability for investigation and remediation costs for designated Superfund sites.

An investigation by the EPA that began in 1997 of a segment of the Willamette River in Oregon known as Portland Harbor, revealed significant contamination of river sediments and prompted the EPA to designate Portland Harbor as a Superfund site. The EPA has listed PGE among the more than one hundred Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) in this matter, as PGE historically owned or operated property near the river. For additional information regarding the EPA action on Portland Harbor, see Note 19, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

PGE is subject to regulation by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE), which, under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, is responsible for the permanent storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel. PGE has contracted
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with the USDOE for permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel from Trojan that is stored in the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI), an NRC-licensed interim dry storage facility that houses the fuel. The NRC approved the transfer of spent nuclear fuel from a spent fuel pool to the ISFSI where it is expected to remain until permanent off-site storage is available. Shipment of the spent nuclear fuel from the ISFSI to off-site storage is not expected to be completed prior to 2059. For additional information regarding this matter, see “Trojan decommissioning activities” in Note 8, Asset Retirement Obligations, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Human Capital Management

PGE’s talent and culture are vital to its ability to execute its business strategy and realize continued success. Accordingly, the Company seeks to attract and retain a talented, motivated, and diverse workforce and maintain a culture that reflects PGE’s Guiding Behaviors, drive for performance, and commitment to acting with the highest levels of honesty, integrity, compliance, and safety.

Employees and Collective Bargaining Agreements—PGE had 2,873 employees in its workforce as of December 31, 2022, with 673 employees covered under one of two separate agreements with Local Union No. 125 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW). One agreement covers 610 employees, which expires March 2025, and the other covers 63 employees, which expires August 2027. The partnership with IBEW is key to a holistic labor relations approach. In addition, PGE utilizes independent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement its workforce.

Competitive Pay and Benefits—PGE is committed to pay equity among its employees and offers a wide range of market-competitive benefits, including comprehensive health and welfare benefits and a 401(k) retirement plan, designed to support the physical, mental, and financial well-being of its employees.

Talent Development—PGE provides a variety of training and development programs for employees, as well as tuition reimbursement for job-related coursework. PGE offers a mentorship program for all regular, non-represented PGE employees to help support their growth and development. The PGE Board of Directors oversees executive talent development with the assistance of the Nominating, Governance, and Sustainability Committee and the Compensation, Culture and Talent Committee in an effort to maximize the pool of internal candidates. At least annually, the Board conducts reviews of succession plans for senior management, which includes a review of the qualifications and development plans of potential internal candidates and diversity of the succession pipeline. The Compensation, Culture and Talent Committee regularly conducts more in-depth reviews of development plans for promising management talent. PGE conducts employee engagement surveys periodically to give employees the opportunity to share their perspectives and provide feedback. Survey results are shared with PGE management so that managers can take action towards improving the employee experience.

Health and Safety—PGE is committed to providing a safe and healthy place of business for employees, customers, and the public. Management has established an Executive Safety Council that has oversight of the Company’s efforts to create a safe workplace. In addition, PGE provides various safety resources to its employees, such as safety manuals, trainings, and incident reporting tools that are all designed to incorporate safe practices into all daily activities and promote in all employees a sense of personal commitment, responsibility, and obligation regarding safety. PGE also has an Employee Assistance Program that provides free and confidential wellness counseling to all employees and their families.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion—PGE promotes an inclusive workforce through pay equity practices, racial equity training, and development opportunities for women and people of color to advance into management. Black, Indigenous, and People of Color comprise over 26% of its employees and nearly 26% of management. One third of its employees and management, including its CEO, are female. PGE also promotes diversity and economic development through its suppliers. The Company’s supplier diversity program provides an opportunity in all competitive bid events for qualified minority-owned, women-owned, disabled veteran-owned, and emerging small business suppliers.
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COVID-19—Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, PGE has taken steps to protect employees. The Company continues to prioritize the health and safety of its employees and be informed by federal, state and local officials to align its efforts with current information.

Information about Executive Officers

The following are PGE’s current executive officers:
NameAgeCurrent Position and Previous ExperienceYear Appointed Officer
James A. Ajello69Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Compliance Officer (January 2021 to present), Senior Advisor (November 2020 to December 2020), Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Hawaiian Electric Industries (January 2009 to April 2017 - retired), Senior Vice President, Business Development at Reliant Energy (January 2000 to January 2009), Managing Director, UBS Securities (January 1984 to August 1998).2021
Larry N. Bekkedahl61Senior Vice President, Advanced Energy Delivery (July 2021 to present), Vice President, Grid Architecture, Integration and Systems Operations (January 2019 to July 2021), Vice President Transmission and Distribution (August 2014 to January 2019). Senior Vice President of Transmission Services at BPA (June 2012 to August 2014), Vice President of Engineering and Technical Services at BPA (2008 to June 2012).2014
Nicholas G. Blosser52Vice President Public Affairs (August 2022 to present), Chief of Staff and Deputy Cabinet Secretary and Special Assistant to the President, Office of Cabinet Affairs at The White House (March 2021 to July 2022), Intergovernmental Affairs and State Lead, Biden-Harris Transition Team (November 2020-January 2021),
Chief of Staff for Oregon Governor Kate Brown (February 2017 to November 2020), Co-Founder and CEO of Celilo Group Media, Inc. (January 2000 to February 2017)
2022
M. Angelica Espinosa45Vice President, General Counsel (March 2022 to present),
Deputy General Counsel and Corporate Secretary (June 2021 to March 2022), Chief Risk Officer and Vice President of Safety and Compliance at Southern California Gas Company (January 2019 to June 2021), Vice President, Compliance & Governance and Corporate Secretary at Sempra Energy (November 2016 to January 2019)		2022
Bradley Y. Jenkins59Vice President, Utility Operations (January 2019 to present), Vice President, Generation and Power Operations (October 2017 to January 2019), Vice President, Power Supply Generation (September 2015 to October 2017), General Manager, Diversified Plant Operations, (November 2013 to August 2015), Plant General Manager, Boardman (September 2012 to November 2013), Operations Manager, Boardman (March 2012 to September 2012).2015
John T. Kochavatr49Vice President, Information Technology and Chief Information Officer (February 2018 to present). Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer at SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions (formerly General Electric Water and Process Technologies) (October 2017 to January 2018), Chief Information Officer and Chief Digital Officer at General Electric Water and Process Technologies (November 2012 to September 2017).2018
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Anne F. Mersereau60Vice President, Human Resources, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (January 2016 to present), Employee Services Manager (January 2014 to January 2016), Change Management Consultant (January 2012 to January 2014), Human Resources Business Partner (July 2009 to December 2011).2016
Maria M. Pope57President (October 2017 to present) and Chief Executive Officer (January 2018 to present), Senior Vice President, Power Supply, Operations and Resource Strategy (March 2013 to December 2017), Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (January 2009 to February 2013). Board director (January 2006 to December 2008). Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Mentor Graphics Corporation (July 2007 to December 2008).2009
Brett M. Sims54Vice President, Strategy, Regulation and Energy Supply (October 2020 to present), Senior Director of Strategy, Commercial and Regulatory Affairs (September 2017 to October 2020), Director of Origination, Structuring & Resource Strategy (May 2001 to September 2017).2020

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS.

When evaluating PGE and any investment in its securities, investors should consider carefully the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the other documents that the Company files from time to time with the SEC. The events described in the risk factors could have material effects on PGE’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, or that materially adversely affect PGE’s results and cause such results to differ materially from projected results. Risk and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that are currently deemed to be immaterial may also harm PGE. If any of these risks occur, PGE’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows could be materially adversely affected, and the trading prices of the Company’s securities could substantially decline.

BUSINESS AND OPERATIONAL RISKS

The effects of unseasonable or severe weather and other natural phenomena can adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and the effects of climate change could result in more intense, frequent, and extreme weather events.

Weather conditions can adversely affect PGE’s revenues and costs, impacting the Company’s results of operations. Variations in temperatures can affect customer demand for electricity, with warmer-than-normal winter seasons or cooler-than-normal summer seasons reducing the demand for energy. Weather conditions are the dominant cause of usage variations from normal seasonal patterns, particularly for residential customers. Rapid increases in load requirements resulting from unexpected weather changes, particularly if coupled with transmission constraints, could adversely impact PGE’s cost and ability to meet the energy needs of its customers. Conversely, rapid decreases in load requirements could result in the sale of excess energy at depressed market prices.

Changes in the global and local climate could result in more intense, frequent, and extreme weather events such as ice and snowstorms, high wind, flooding, changes in regional rainfall and snowpack levels, high heat events, drought conditions, and increased risk of wildfires. These events may disrupt energy delivery, cause power outages, and damage the Company’s facilities and transmission and distribution system. Such events could result in a reduction in revenue and an increase in additional costs to restore service, repair facilities, purchase power and fuel to serve PGE load, and procure insurance related to such impacts. In response to more intense, frequent, and severe weather events, PGE may need to make additional investments in generation, transmission, and distribution assets to enhance reliability and resiliency. Severe weather may also require increased PGE personnel availability, which could result in increased operating expenses as well increased safety risk. In certain instances, PGE relies on mutual aid support to assist in the recovery from severe weather. Lack of availability of mutual aid support could result in increased time to restore services to customers as well as increased costs and decreased customer satisfaction.
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Wildfires of greater size and prevalence, such as those of a magnitude seen in Oregon in recent years, could negatively affect public safety, the resilience of the electric grid, customers’ demand for power and PGE’s ability and cost to procure adequate power and fuel supplies to serve its customers, PGE ’s ability to access the wholesale energy market, PGE’s ability to operate its generating facilities and transmission and distribution systems, PGE’s costs to maintain, repair, and replace such facilities and systems, and recovery of costs. PGE may be unable to effectively implement a public safety power shutoff (PSPS) and de-energize its system in the event of heightened wildfire risk, or the PSPS may not be able to prevent a wildfire, which could lead to potential liability if energized systems are determined to be the cause of wildfires that result in harm.

Capital investment and operating expenses related to this risk may not be recoverable through increases in customer prices.

Cybersecurity attacks, data security breaches, physical attacks and security breaches, acts of terrorism, or other similar events that could disrupt PGE’s operations, require significant expenditures, or result in claims against the Company.

In the normal course of business, PGE collects, processes, and retains sensitive and confidential customer and employee information, as well as proprietary business information, and operates systems that directly impact the availability of electric power and the transmission of electric power in its service territory. PGE owns and operates generation, transmission, distribution, and other facilities that depend on information technology systems. A cyber-attack may cause large-scale disruption to the U.S. bulk power system or PGE operations and could target the Company’s computer systems, software, or networks to achieve such disruption. Generation, transmission, and distribution facilities, in general, have been identified as potential targets of physical or cyber-attacks. In addition, physical attacks on transmission and distribution facilities have occurred in the United States. Despite the security measures in place, the Company’s systems and assets, and those of third-party service providers, could be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks, data security breaches, physical attacks and security breaches, acts of terrorism, or other similar events that could disrupt operations, cause damage to the Company’s generation, transmission, or distribution facilities, impact reliability of the transmission and distribution system, information technology systems, inhibit the capability of equipment or systems to function as designed or expected, prevent service to customers or collection of revenues, or result in the release of sensitive or confidential customer, employee, or Company information. Such events could cause a shutdown of service, expose PGE to liability, or cause reputational damage. In addition, the Company may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches. A breach of certain business systems could impact PGE’s ability to initiate, authorize, process, record, and report financial information. The cost of repairing damage to PGE’s facilities and infrastructure caused by acts of terrorism, and the loss of revenue if such events prevent PGE from providing utility service to its customers, could adversely impact its financial condition and results of operations. PGE maintains insurance coverage against some, but not all, potential losses resulting from these risks. However, insurance is limited in scope and subject to exceptions, and may not be adequate to protect the Company against liability in all cases and insurers may dispute or be unable to perform their obligations to the Company, or may not be available at rates that are commercially reasonable.

Natural or human-caused disasters and other risks could damage the Company’s facilities and disrupt delivery of electricity resulting in significant property loss, repair costs, and reduced customer satisfaction.

PGE has exposure to natural and human-caused disasters and other risks, including, but not limited to, a pandemic such as COVID-19, earthquake, accidents, equipment failure, acts of terrorism, acts of vandalism, computer system outages and other events. Such events, which may be amplified by the fact that PGE’s business activities are concentrated in one region, could disrupt PGE operations, damage PGE facilities and systems, interrupt the delivery of electricity, increase repair and service restoration expenses, reduce revenues, cause the release of harmful materials, cause fires or flooding, and subject the Company to liability. Such events, if repeated or prolonged, can also affect customer satisfaction and the level of regulatory oversight.

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Electric utility operations may pose risk to public and workers’ safety.

The operation of electric generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure involves inherent risks, including breakdown or failure of equipment, motor vehicle accidents, fires involving the utility’s equipment, dam failure at company-owned hydroelectric facilities, public and worker safety, human contact with energized equipment, and operator error. A portion of the Company’s operations relies on Company- or third party-owned natural gas transmission and distribution infrastructure and involves inherent risks, such as leaks, explosions, mechanical problems, and worker and public safety.

These risks could cause significant harm to workers and the public including loss of human life, significant damage to property, adverse impacts on the environment and impairment of PGE’s operations, all of which could result in financial losses that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. PGE is also required to comply with new and changing regulatory standards involving safety compliance. The cost to comply with such requirements could be significant, and failure to meet these regulatory standards could result in substantial fines.

The inability to attract and retain a qualified workforce and to maintain satisfactory collective bargaining agreements without prolonged labor disruptions, may adversely affect PGE’s results of operations.

PGE’s workforce includes a diverse mix of skilled professional, managerial, and technical employees, including employees represented under collective bargaining agreements. Workforce management risks include the risk of retaining key employees, turnover due to demographic challenges as employees approach retirement age, and turnover due to macroeconomic trends such as the impacts of inflation on pensions and other retirement funding. PGE faces competition for employees within the industry and in local geographies. The Company faces the risk of labor disruption due to the outcomes of labor negotiations or the possibility that employees not currently subject to collective bargaining agreements may organize. PGE relies on a contracted workforce for specific business purposes, and may experience increased costs or inability to find contracted workforce, which may result in a negative impact on operations as well as financial impact.

The construction of new facilities and the modifications or replacements of existing facilities, is subject to risks that could result in the disallowance of certain costs for recovery in customer prices or higher operating costs.

Long-term increases in both the number of customers and demand for energy will require continued expansion and upgrade of PGE’s generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Construction of new facilities and modifications or replacements of existing facilities could be affected by factors such as unanticipated delays and cost increases, including supply chain disruption and cost inflation, availability of skilled workforce, increases in interest rates, failure of counterparties to perform under agreements, and the failure to obtain, or delay in obtaining, necessary permits from state or federal agencies or tribal entities. Delays and cost increases could result in failure to complete the projects or the abandonment of capital projects, which could eliminate or impair PGE’s ability to recover related costs in the rate determination process. In addition, failure to complete construction projects according to specifications could result in reduced plant efficiency, equipment failure, and plant performance that falls below expected levels, which could increase operating costs.

REGULATORY, LEGAL, AND COMPLIANCE RISKS

PGE is subject to extensive price regulation and relies on recovery of costs, the uncertainty of which affect the Company’s operations and costs.

PGE is subject to ongoing regulation by the FERC, the OPUC and by certain federal, state, and local authorities under environmental, permitting, and other laws. Such regulation significantly influences the Company’s operating environment and affects many aspects of its business. The Company cannot predict with certainty the future course
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of such changes or the ultimate effect that they might have on its business, and such changes could delay or adversely affect business planning and transactions and substantially increase the Company’s costs.

OPUC regulates the prices that PGE charges, which is a major factor in determining the Company’s operating income, financial position, liquidity, and credit ratings. As a general matter, PGE relies on customer prices to recover most of the costs incurred in connection with the operation of its business, including, among other things, costs related to capital projects (such as the construction of new facilities or the modification of existing facilities), the costs of compliance with legislative and regulatory requirements (including environmental laws), and the costs of damage from storms and other natural disasters. Regulators may deny recovery of costs it considers imprudently incurred. Although the OPUC is required to establish customer prices that are fair, just, and reasonable, it has significant discretion in the interpretation of this standard. PGE attempts to manage its costs at levels consistent with OPUC-approved prices. However, if the Company is unable to do so, or if such cost management results in increased operational risk, the Company’s financial and operating results could be adversely affected.

PGE is subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings, the outcome of which is uncertain, and resolution unfavorable to PGE could adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

In the normal course of its business, PGE is subject to regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims, and other matters, which could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions, or other relief. Such matters include governmental policies, legislative action, and regulatory audits, investigations, and actions, including those of the FERC and OPUC with respect to allowed rates of return, financings, electricity pricing and price structures, acquisition and disposal of facilities and other assets, construction and operation of plant facilities, transmission of electricity, recovery of power costs, operating expenses, deferrals, timely recovery of costs and capital investments, and current or prospective wholesale and retail competition. These matters are subject to many uncertainties, the ultimate outcome of which management cannot predict. The final resolution of certain matters in which PGE is involved could result in disallowance of operating expenses previously deferred or could require that the Company incur expenditures over an extended period and in a range of amounts that could have an adverse effect on its cash flows and results of operations. Similarly, the terms of resolution could require the Company to change its business practices and procedures, which could also have an adverse effect on its cash flows, financial position, or results of operations. New laws, changes in legal precedent, or novel interpretations of existing regulations could also result in adverse effects on cash flows and results of operations.

There are certain pending legal and regulatory proceedings that may have an adverse effect on results of operations and cash flows for future reporting periods. For additional information, see Item 3.—“Legal Proceedings,” Regulatory Matters within the “Overview” of Item 7.— “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Note 19, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may result in capital expenditures, increased operating costs and various liabilities, and adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations.

PGE is subject to various environmental laws, regulations, and other standards including federal, state and local environmental statutes, rules and regulations relating to air quality, water quality and usage, soil quality, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide, waste management, hazardous wastes, fish, avian and other wildlife mortality and habitat protection, historical artifact preservation, natural resources, health, and safety. Compliance with such laws and regulations could, among other things, prevent or delay the development of power generation and transmission and distribution facilities, restrict output of facilities, limit the use of fuels required for power generation, require additional pollution control equipment, require investment in non-emitting resources, and otherwise increase costs and increase capital expenditures.

A portion of PGE’s total system load is supplied with power generated from hydroelectric and wind generating resources. Operation of these facilities is subject to regulation related to the protection of fish and wildlife. Changes to the listing of various plants and species of fish, birds, and other wildlife as threatened or endangered could result in increased mitigation activities, which could have a material impact on PGE’s financial condition and results of
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operations. Salmon recovery plans could include further major operational changes to the region’s hydroelectric projects, including those owned by PGE and those from which the Company purchases power under long-term contracts. In addition, laws relating to the protection of migratory birds and other wildlife could impact the development and operation of transmission and distribution lines and wind projects. Also, new interpretations of existing laws and regulations could be adopted or become applicable to such facilities, which could further increase required expenditures for salmon recovery and endangered species protection and reduce the availability of hydroelectric or wind generating resources to meet the Company’s energy requirements.

Compliance with any new or additional GHG emissions reduction requirements could require PGE to incur significant expenditures, including those related to carbon capture and sequestration technology, purchase of emission allowances and offsets, fuel switching, and the retirement or replacement of high-emitting generation facilities with non-emitting facilities. The cost to comply with potential GHG emissions reduction requirements is subject to significant uncertainties, including those related to: the timing of the implementation of emissions reduction rules; required levels of emissions reductions; requirements with respect to the allocation of emissions allowances; the maturation, regulation, and commercialization of carbon capture, sequestration, and storage technology; and PGE’s compliance alternatives. Although the Company cannot currently estimate the effect of future laws and regulations on its results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, the costs of compliance with such legislation or regulations could be material.

Changes in tax laws may have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

PGE makes judgments and interpretations about the application of tax law when determining the provision for taxes. Such judgments include the timing and probability of recognition of income, deductions, and tax credits, which are subject to challenge by taxing authorities. Additionally, treatment of tax benefits and costs for ratemaking purposes could be different than what the Company anticipates or requests from the State regulatory commission, which could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
PGE owns and operates renewable generating facilities, which generate federal production tax credits (PTCs) that PGE uses to reduce its federal tax obligations. The amount of PTCs earned depends on the level of electricity output generated and the applicable tax credit rate. A variety of operating and economic parameters, including adverse weather conditions and equipment reliability, could significantly reduce the PTCs generated by the Company’s wind facilities resulting in a material adverse impact on PGE’s financial condition and results of operations. These PTCs generate tax credit carryforwards that the Company plans to utilize in the future to reduce income tax obligations. If PGE cannot generate enough taxable income in the future to utilize all of the tax credit carryforwards before the credits expire, the Company may incur material charges to earnings.
ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL, AND MARKET RISKS

A decrease in customer demand for electricity may negatively impact PGE’s business.

Unfavorable economic conditions in Oregon, such as, for example, increased inflation, may result in reduced demand for electricity and impair the financial stability of PGE’s customers. Such reductions in demand could adversely affect PGE’s results of operations and cash flows. Economic conditions could also result in an increased level of uncollectible customer accounts and cause the Company’s vendors and service providers to experience cash flow problems and be unable to perform under existing or future contracts.

Customer demand could also be negatively impacted by PGE’s ability to attract and retain customers, mandated energy efficiency measures, demand side management programs, potential formation of community choice aggregation programs, distributed generation resources, and economic and demographic conditions, such as population changes, job and income growth, new construction, new business formation and the overall level of economic activity. Development, improvement, and adoption of technological advances could lead to declines in energy use per customer. Some or all of these factors could impact the demand for electricity.

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The decline in revenues due to decreased customer demand for electricity may increase customer prices for remaining customers, as PGE’s revenue requirement is designed to cover its fixed utility operating expenses. Increased customer prices could further reduce customer demand for electricity and strain PGE’s ability to attract and retain customers. The loss of customers, the inability to replace those customers with new customers, and the decrease in demand for electricity could negatively impact PGE’s financial condition and results of operations.

Capital and credit market conditions could adversely affect the Company’s access to capital, cost of capital, and ability to execute its strategic plan.

Access to capital and credit markets is important to PGE’s ability to operate. The Company expects to issue debt and equity securities, as necessary, to fund its future capital requirements. Volatility of interest rates could negatively impact PGE’s cost of debt and results of operations. In addition, contractual commitments and regulatory requirements may limit the Company’s ability to delay or terminate certain projects.

If the capital and credit market conditions in the United States and other parts of the world deteriorate, the Company’s future cost of debt and equity capital, as well as access to capital markets, could be adversely affected. In addition, sales or issuances of substantial amounts of PGE’s common stock in the public market, including upon settlement of the forward sale agreements entered into in 2022, could cause the market price of PGE’s common stock to decline. This could impair the Company’s ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities. Future sales or issuances of common stock or other equity-related securities could be dilutive to holders of common stock and could adversely affect their voting and other rights and economic interests.

PGE expects to raise additional capital in the future. PGE may raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt offerings or other financings, as well as additional borrowings under existing credit facilities.
Any new debt financing entered into may involve covenants that restrict operations more than PGE’s current outstanding debt and credit facilities. These restrictive covenants could include limitations on additional borrowings, specific restrictions on the use of assets, and prohibitions or limitations on the Company’s ability to create liens, pay dividends, receive distributions from subsidiaries, redeem or repurchase stock or make investments. These factors could hinder the Company’s access to capital markets and limit or delay the ability to carry out the Company’s capital expenditure plan or pursue other opportunities beyond the current capital expenditure plan.
The declaration of future dividends is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and is not guaranteed and, in some circumstances, the payment of dividends may be limited by the terms of PGE’s debt instruments.
PGE has historically paid regular quarterly dividends on common stock. However, the declaration of dividends is at the discretion of PGE’s Board of Directors and is not guaranteed. The amount of common stock dividends, if any, will depend upon results of operations and financial condition, future capital expenditures and investments, the rights of holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock, and other factors that the Board of Directors considers relevant.
 
In addition, the terms of the Company’s debt instruments may limit the payment of dividends. Under the Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated July 1, 1945, as amended and supplemented to date, between PGE and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, so long as any of the first mortgage bonds are outstanding, the Company may not pay or declare dividends (other than stock dividends) on common stock or purchase or retire for a consideration (other than in exchange for other shares of PGE’s capital stock or the proceeds from the sale of other shares of capital stock) any shares of capital stock of any class, if the aggregate amount distributed or expended after December 31, 1944 would exceed the aggregate amount of PGE’s net income, as adjusted, available for dividends on common stock accumulated after December 31, 1944. At December 31, 2022, $399 million of accumulated net income was available for payment of dividends under this provision.


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Adverse changes in PGE’s credit ratings could negatively affect its access to the capital markets and its cost of borrowed funds.

Credit rating agencies routinely evaluate the Company, and their ratings of long-term and short-term debt are based on a number of factors, including the perceived supportiveness of the regulatory environment affecting the utility operations, the Company’s cash generating capability, level of indebtedness, overall financial strength, the status of certain capital projects, as well as factors beyond PGE’s control, such as tax reform, the state of the economy and industry generally. A ratings downgrade could increase fees on PGE’s syndicated unsecured revolving credit facility, commercial paper program, and letter of credit facilities, increasing the cost of funding day-to-day working capital requirements, and could also result in higher interest rates on future long-term debt. A ratings downgrade could also restrict the Company’s access to the commercial paper market, a principal source of short-term financing, or result in higher interest costs.

In addition, if Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) and/or S&P Global Ratings (S&P) reduce their rating on PGE’s unsecured debt to below investment grade, the Company could be subject to requests by certain wholesale counterparties to post additional performance assurance collateral, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity and ability to participate in the wholesale markets.

Under certain circumstances, banks participating in PGE’s syndicated unsecured revolving credit facility could decline to fund advances requested by the Company or could withdraw from participation in the credit facility, which could adversely affect PGE’s liquidity.

PGE currently has a syndicated unsecured revolving credit facility with several banks for an aggregate amount of $650 million. The revolving credit facility provides a primary source of liquidity and may be used to supplement operating cash flow and as backup for commercial paper borrowings. The revolving credit facility represents commitments by the participating banks to make loans and, in certain cases, to issue letters of credit. The Company is required to make certain representations to the banks each time it requests an advance under the credit facility. However, in the event of a material adverse change in the business, financial condition, or results of operations of PGE, the Company may not be able to make such representations, in which case the banks would not be required to lend. PGE is also subject to the risk that one or more of the participating banks may default on their obligation to make loans under the credit facility.

Adverse capital market performance could result in reductions in the fair value of benefit plan assets and increase the Company’s liabilities related to such plans. Sustained declines in the fair value of the plans’ assets could result in significant increases in funding requirements, which could adversely affect PGE’s liquidity and results of operations.

Performance of the capital markets affects the value of assets that are held in trust to satisfy future obligations under PGE’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. Sustained adverse market performance could result in lower rates of return for these assets than projected by the Company and could increase PGE’s funding requirements related to the plans. Additionally, changes in interest rates affect PGE’s liabilities under the plans. As interest rates decrease, the Company’s liabilities increase, potentially requiring additional funding.

Performance of the capital markets also affects the fair value of assets that are held in trust to satisfy future obligations under the Company’s non-qualified employee benefit plans, which include deferred compensation plans. As changes in the fair value of these assets are recorded in current earnings, decreases can adversely affect the Company’s operating results. In addition, such decreases can require that PGE make additional payments to satisfy its obligations under these plans.


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The volatility of market prices for power and natural gas could adversely affect PGE’s costs and ability to manage its energy supply, which could negatively impact the Company’s liquidity and results of operations.

As part of its normal business operations, PGE purchases and sells power and natural gas in the open market under short- and long-term contracts, which may specify variable prices or volumes. Market prices for power and natural gas are influenced primarily by factors related to supply and demand. These factors generally include the adequacy of generating capacity, scheduled and unscheduled outages of generating facilities, hydroelectric and wind generation levels, prices and availability of fuel sources for generation, disruptions or constraints to transmission facilities, weather conditions, economic growth, and changes in technology.

Volatility in these markets can affect the availability, price, and demand for power and natural gas. Disruption in power and natural gas markets could result in a deterioration of market liquidity, increase the risk of counterparty default, affect regulatory and legislative processes in unpredictable ways, affect wholesale power prices, and impair PGE’s ability to manage its energy portfolio. Changes in power and natural gas prices can also affect the fair value of derivative instruments and cash requirements to purchase power and natural gas. If power and natural gas prices decrease from those contained in the Company’s existing purchased power and natural gas agreements, PGE may be required to provide increased collateral, which could adversely affect the Company’s liquidity. Conversely, if power and natural gas prices rise, especially during periods when the Company requires greater-than-expected volumes that must be purchased at market or short-term prices, PGE could incur greater costs than originally estimated. PGE’s contract positions are not fully hedged against commodity prices, and hedges or other risk mitigations may not protect against significant losses.

The risk of volatility in power costs is partially mitigated through the AUT and the PCAM. Application of the PCAM requires that PGE absorb certain power cost increases before the Company is allowed to recover any amount from customers. Accordingly, the PCAM is expected to only partially mitigate the potentially adverse financial impacts of forced generating plant outages, reduced hydro and wind availability, interruptions in fuel supplies, and volatile wholesale energy prices.

PGE has put in place risk management policies, procedures, and controls to identify, quantify, and manage risk, however, these systems, processes, tools, and controls may not prevent material losses. Risk management procedures may not always be followed as intended, may not operate as designed, or may not identify all potential risks, including, without limitation, severe weather or employee misconduct. There is no assurance that PGE’s risk management procedures will be effective in preventing or mitigating losses, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operation and financial condition.

Reduced river flows, unfavorable wind conditions, and forced outages at generating and battery storage facilities can increase the cost of power required to serve customers. The Company could be required to replace energy expected from these sources with higher cost power from other facilities or with wholesale market purchases, which could have an adverse effect on results of operations.

PGE derives a significant portion of its power supply from its own hydroelectric facilities and long-term purchase contracts with certain public utility districts in the state of Washington. Regional rainfall and snowpack levels affect river flows and the resulting amount of energy generated by these facilities. Shortfalls in energy expected from lower cost hydroelectric generating resources would require increased energy from the Company’s other generating resources and/or power purchases in the wholesale market, which could have an adverse effect on results of operations.

PGE also derives a portion of its power supply from wind generating resources, for which the output is dependent upon wind conditions. Unfavorable wind conditions could require increased reliance on power from the Company’s thermal generating resources or power purchases in the wholesale market, both of which could have an adverse effect on results of operations.

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Forced outages at generating facilities and battery storage facilities, both PGE-owned or under purchased power agreements, could result in power costs greater than those included in customer prices, in addition to increased repair and maintenance costs.

Although the application of the PCAM could help mitigate adverse financial effects from any decrease in power supply, full recovery of any increase in power costs is not assured. Inability to fully recover such costs in future prices could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations, as well as a reduction in renewable energy credits and loss of PTCs related to wind generating resources.

The capacity provided by the Company’s generating resources and third-party purchased power may not be sufficient to meet its customers’ energy demand requirements.

PGE meets its customers’ energy demand requirements based on capacity obtained from its generating facilities and third-party power purchase agreements. The Company continuously evaluates how much capacity it will need to meet reasonably expected demands of customers and provide reasonable reserves. PGE is also required to file Integrated Resource Plans with the OPUC that detail the Company’s plan to meet the future energy and capacity needs of its customers through a least-cost, least-risk combination of energy generation and demand reduction, while also aggressively reducing GHG emissions from the power supply. If the capacity provided by the Company’s generating facilities and purchased power is not adequate to meet customers’ energy demands, PGE may be required to purchase more power from third parties, invest in acquiring additional generating or battery storage facilities, or invest in extending the operating life of existing generating assets. Any failure to obtain adequate capacity to meet customers’ energy demand requirements could increase its costs and negatively impact PGE’s customer satisfaction, all of which could have an adverse impact on PGE’s business and results of operations.

Advances in energy technology could make PGE’s business less competitive.
A basic premise of PGE’s business as a vertically integrated utility is the ability to produce electricity at competitive prices due to economies of scale. Furthermore, a key component of PGE’s growth is its ability to construct, own, and operate facilities. Many companies and organizations conduct research and development activities to seek improvements in alternative technologies and distributed generation. Advancements in and creation of new technologies could include fuel cells and micro turbines, wind turbines, photovoltaic solar cells, distributed generation, nuclear energy, hydrogen, ongoing customer energy efficiency, two-way grid enabling customer-owned generation, and advances in batteries or energy storage. It is possible that advances in such technologies, or other current technologies, will reduce the cost of alternative methods of electricity production or storage to a level that is equal to or below that of existing methods.

The electricity industry is undergoing significant change, including increased deployment of distributed energy resources, technological advancements as described above, and political and regulatory developments. Electric utilities are experiencing increasing deployment of distributed energy resources, such as solar generation, energy storage, energy efficiency and demand response technologies. The deployment of these technologies supports PGE’s decarbonization goals. The growth of new technologies will require modernization of the electric distribution grid to, among other things, accommodate increasing two-way flows of electricity and increase the grid’s capacity to interconnect these resources. A higher penetration of distributed energy resources may result in decreased customer demand, or may have impacts on grid reliability. Increased distributed energy resources and renewable energy resources will require new and sustained investments in grid modernization and transmission. If all such costs are not recoverable in rates, PGE could experience material increases in its commodity costs, which could impact PGE’s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

It is also possible that alternative generation or storage resources are mandated, subsidized, or encouraged through legislation or regulation or otherwise are economically competitive and added to the available generation supply. Competitors may not be subject to the same operating, regulatory and financial requirements that the Company is, potentially causing a substantial competitive disadvantage for PGE. Changes in public policy, such as new tax incentives that PGE cannot take advantage of or efforts to deregulate the utility industry, could provide an advantage to competitors. Such alternative resources and regulatory or legislative actions could displace higher marginal cost generating units or make PGE less competitive in constructing, owning, and operating such facilities.
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Such a development could limit the Company’s future growth opportunities and limit growth in demand for PGE’s electric service.

Changes in market conditions and environmental laws and regulations could negatively impact PGE’s non-utility real estate investments.

PGE owns, through a wholly owned subsidiary, its corporate headquarters building located in Portland, Oregon. A significant change in real estate values could adversely affect PGE’s results of operations.

PGE also owns unregulated properties that are currently or previously leased to third parties and located adjacent to PGE’s T.W. Sullivan hydro generating facility. PGE has recorded a non-utility asset retirement obligation (ARO) for this site related to assets that are no longer in service. Significant changes in estimates for this non-utility ARO due to changes in environmental laws or regulations could adversely affect PGE’s results of operations.

Rapidly changing stakeholder expectations and standards with respect to PGE’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) programs could result in increased costs and exposure to incremental risk.

Investors, lenders, rating agencies, customers, regulators, employees, and other stakeholders are increasing their focus on evaluating companies as corporate citizens based on their ESG programs and metrics. Based on PGE’s ESG profile, investors and lenders may elect to increase their required returns on capital offered to the Company, reallocate capital, or not commit capital as a result of their assessment of the Company’s ESG profile. Such actions by investors and lenders could increase PGE’s cost of, or access to, capital and financing.

PGE is committed to the success of its ESG programs; however, if the Company fails to adapt or execute on its ESG strategies, or is perceived to have failed in addressing stakeholder ESG expectations or standards, which continue to evolve, PGE may suffer reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, and financial condition. Additionally, the cost of implementing and complying with such ESG programs could be material.

Actions of activist shareholders could have a negative impact on PGE’s business.

Actions of activist shareholders, which can take many forms and arise in a variety of situations, could include engaging in proxy solicitations, advancing shareholder proposals, or otherwise attempting to effect changes and assert influence on the Company’s board of directors and management. Dealing with such actions could result in substantial costs and divert management’s and the Company’s board’s attention and resources from PGE’s business and execution of its strategy.

Such shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties regarding PGE’s future, adversely affecting PGE’s business opportunities, ability to access capital markets, relationships with its customers and employees, and make it more difficult to attract and retain a qualified workforce. Any such actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and could cause significant fluctuations in the trading prices of its common stock based on market perceptions or other factors.

PGE’s business activities are concentrated in one region and future performance may be affected by events and factors unique to Oregon or the region.

The Company’s industry and geographic concentrations may increase exposure to risks arising from regional regulation or legislation, such as legislative action related to carbon emissions. These concentrations may also increase exposure to credit and operational risks due to counterparties, suppliers, and customers being similarly affected by changing conditions.

ITEM 1B.     UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.
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ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES.

PGE’s principal property, plant, and equipment are generally located on land owned by the Company or land under the control of the Company pursuant to existing leases, federal or state licenses, easements, or other agreements. In some cases, meters and transformers are located on customer property. The Indenture securing the Company’s First Mortgage Bonds (FMBs) constitutes a direct first mortgage lien on substantially all utility property and franchises, other than expressly excepted property.

Generating Facilities

The following are generating facilities owned by PGE as of December 31, 2022 (in MW):
FacilityLocation
Net
Capacity (1)
Wholly-owned:
Natural Gas or Oil:
BeaverClatskanie, Oregon510 
CartyBoardman, Oregon438 
Port Westward Unit 1 (PW1)Clatskanie, Oregon411 
Coyote SpringsBoardman, Oregon258 
Port Westward Unit 2 (PW2)Clatskanie, Oregon225 
Wind:
Biglow CanyonSherman County, Oregon450 
Tucannon River Columbia County, Washington267 
Wheatridge
Morrow County, Oregon100 
Hydro:
North ForkClackamas River58 
FaradayClackamas River46 
Oak GroveClackamas River45 
River MillClackamas River25 
T.W. SullivanWillamette River18 
Jointly-owned (2):
         Coal:
Colstrip (3)
Colstrip, Montana296 
Hydro:
Round Butte (4)
Deschutes River172 
Pelton (4)
Deschutes River55 
Net capacity3,374 
(1)Represents net capacity of generating unit as demonstrated by actual operating or test experience, net of electricity used in the operation of a given facility. For wind-powered generating facilities, nameplate ratings are used in place of net capacity. A generator’s nameplate rating is its full-load capacity under normal operating conditions as defined by the manufacturer.
(2)Net capacity reflects PGE’s ownership share.
(3)PGE has a 20% ownership interest in the facility, which is operated by Talen Montana, LLC. The Company operated, and continues to have a 90% ownership interest in Boardman, which ceased coal-fired operations during the fourth quarter of 2020. For additional information on Colstrip as it relates to environmental laws and regulations in the State, see “RPS standards and other laws” in the Overview section in Item 7.—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 19, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
(4)Effective January 1, 2022, PGE sold 16.66% interest to CTWS, resulting in PGE’s 50.01% ownership interest.
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PGE’s hydroelectric projects are operated pursuant to FERC licenses issued under the FPA. The licenses for the hydroelectric projects on the three different rivers expire as follows: Clackamas River, 2055; Willamette River, 2035; and Deschutes River, 2055.

Transmission and Distribution

PGE owns or has contractual rights associated with transmission lines that deliver electricity from its generation facilities to its distribution system in its service territory and also to the Western Interconnection. As of December 31, 2022, PGE-owned electric transmission system consisted of 1,255 circuit miles as follows: 269 circuit miles of 500 kV line; 413 circuit miles of 230 kV line; and 573 miles of 115 kV line. The Company also has 28,481 circuit miles of distribution lines that deliver electricity to its customers. The Company also has an ownership interest in, and capacity on, the following:
•14% of the 2,260 MW transmission facilities between the Colstrip switchyard to the Broadview switchyard, near Billings, Montana, and 16% of the 1,930 MW transmission facilities between the Broadview switchyard and the interconnection point with BPA’s transmission system near Townsend, Montana; and
•20% of the Northwest AC Intertie, a 4,800 MW transmission facilities between the John Day Substation near the Columbia River in northern Oregon, and Malin, Oregon, near the California border. The Northwest AC Intertie is used primarily for the transmission of interstate purchases and sales of electricity among utilities, including PGE.

In addition, the Company has contractual rights to the total of 3,920 MW of BPA transmission systems.

Non-utility Real Estate

PGE owns, through a wholly owned subsidiary, its corporate headquarters building located in Portland, Oregon. As of December 31, 2022, the non-utility property, plant, and equipment balance, net of accumulated depreciation was $73 million, recorded in Other noncurrent assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in Item 8.— “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

PGE also owns unregulated properties that are currently or previously leased to third parties and located adjacent to PGE’s T.W. Sullivan hydro generating facility. PGE has recorded a non-utility ARO related to this site. For more information regarding the Company’s AROs, see “Asset Retirement Obligations” within the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of Item 7— “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 8, Asset Retirement Obligations in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.— “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

ITEM 3.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

See Note 19, Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for information regarding legal proceedings.

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.


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PART II

ITEM 5.     MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

PGE’s common stock is traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “POR”. As of February 8, 2023, there were 748 holders of record of PGE’s common stock.

While the Company expects to pay regular quarterly dividends on its common stock, the declaration of any dividends is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The amount of any dividend declaration will depend upon factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant and may include, but are not limited to, PGE’s results of operations and financial condition, future capital expenditures and investments, and applicable regulatory and contractual restrictions.

For information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity-based plans, see Note 13, Equity-based Plans and Note 14, Stock-Based Compensation in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Share repurchase program

On February 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, replacing and superseding the program previously authorized on February 17, 2021, which allowed the Company to repurchase up to 350,000 shares of its outstanding common stock through 2022 at a maximum share price of $60, resulting in maximum aggregate purchase price of $21 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had repurchased 350,000 shares at an average price of $51.61 per share for a total cost of $18.1 million under this program. All share repurchases were made under PGE's publicly announced program and there were no other programs under which the Company repurchased shares. PGE did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the three-month period ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 6.     [RESERVED]

ITEM 7.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Forward-Looking Statements

The information in this report includes statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to expectations, beliefs, plans, assumptions and objectives concerning future results of operations, business prospects, loads, outcome of litigation and regulatory proceedings, capital expenditures, market conditions, future events or performance, and other matters. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will likely result,” “will continue,” “should,” or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed. PGE’s expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and are believed by the Company to have a reasonable basis including, but not limited to, management’s examination of historical operating trends and data contained either in internal records or available from third parties, but there can be no assurance that PGE’s expectations, beliefs, or projections will be achieved or accomplished.

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In addition to any assumptions and other factors and matters referred to specifically in connection with forward-looking statements, factors that could cause actual results or outcomes for PGE to differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements include:
•governmental policies, legislative action, and regulatory audits, investigations and actions, including those of the FERC, the OPUC, the SEC, and the Division of Enforcement of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) with respect to allowed rates of return, financings, electricity pricing and price structures, acquisition and disposal of facilities and other assets, construction and operation of plant facilities, transmission of electricity, recovery of power costs, operating expenses, deferrals, timely recovery of costs, and capital investments, energy trading activities, and current or prospective wholesale and retail competition;
•economic conditions that result in decreased demand for electricity, reduced revenue from sales of excess energy during periods of low wholesale market prices, impaired financial stability of vendors and service providers and elevated levels of uncollectible customer accounts;
•inflation and interest rates;
•changing customer expectations and choices that may reduce customer demand for its services may impact PGE’s ability to make and recover its investments through rates and earn its authorized return on equity, including the impact of growing distributed and renewable generation resources, changing customer demand for enhanced electric services, and an increasing risk that customers procure electricity from registered ESSs or the adoption of community choice aggregation;
•the timing or outcome of legal and regulatory proceedings and issues including, but not limited to, the matters described in Regulatory Matters of the “Overview” in this Item 7. and Note 19, Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.— “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K;
•natural or human-caused disasters and other risks, including, but not limited to, earthquake, flood, ice, drought, extreme heat, lightning, wind, fire, accidents, equipment failure, acts of terrorism, computer system outages and other events that disrupt PGE operations, damage PGE facilities and systems, cause the release of harmful materials, cause fires, and subject the Company to liability;
•unseasonable or severe weather and other natural phenomena, such as the greater size and prevalence of wildfires in Oregon in recent years, which could affect public safety, customers’ demand for power and PGE’s ability and cost to procure adequate power and fuel supplies to serve its customers, PGE’s ability to access the wholesale energy market, PGE’s ability to operate its generating facilities and transmission and distribution systems, the Company’s costs to maintain, repair, and replace such facilities and systems, and recovery of costs;
•PGE’s ability to effectively implement a PSPS and de-energize its system in the event of heightened wildfire risk, which could lead to potential liability if energized systems are involved in wildfires that cause harm;
•operational factors affecting PGE’s power generating facilities and battery storage facilities, including forced outages, unscheduled delays, hydro and wind conditions, and disruption of fuel supply, any of which may cause the Company to incur repair costs or purchase replacement power at increased costs;
•default or nonperformance on the part of any parties from whom PGE purchases capacity or energy, which may cause the Company to incur costs to purchase replacement power and related renewable attributes at increased costs;
•complications arising from PGE’s jointly-owned plant, including changes in ownership, adverse regulatory outcomes or legislative actions, or operational failures that result in legal or environmental liabilities or unanticipated costs related to replacement power or repair costs;
•delays in the supply chain and increased supply costs, failure to complete capital projects on schedule or within budget, failure of counterparties to perform under agreements, or the abandonment of capital
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projects, any of which could result in the Company’s inability to recover project costs, or impact PGE’s competitive position, market share, or results of operations in a material way;
•volatility in wholesale power and natural gas prices, including but not limited to volatility caused by macroeconomic and international issues, that could require PGE to post additional collateral or issue additional letters of credit pursuant to power and natural gas purchase agreements;
•changes in the availability and price of wholesale power and fuels, including natural gas and coal, and the impact of such changes on the Company’s power costs;
•capital market conditions, including availability of capital, volatility of interest rates, reductions in demand for investment-grade commercial paper, volatility of equity markets as well as changes in PGE’s credit ratings, any of which could have an impact on the Company’s cost of capital and its ability to access the capital markets to support requirements for working capital, construction of capital projects, the repayments of maturing debt, and stock-based compensation plans, which are relied upon in part to retain key executives and employees;
•future laws, regulations, and proceedings that could increase the Company’s costs of operating its thermal generating plants, or affect the operations of such plants by imposing requirements for additional emissions controls or significant emissions fees or taxes, particularly with respect to coal-fired generating facilities, in order to mitigate carbon dioxide, mercury, and other gas emissions;
•changes in, and compliance with, environmental laws and policies, including those related to threatened and endangered species, fish, and wildlife;
•the effects of climate change, whether global or local in nature, including unseasonable or extreme weather and other natural phenomena that may affect energy costs or consumption, increase the Company’s costs, cause damage to PGE facilities and system, or adversely affect its operations;
•changes in residential, commercial, or industrial customer growth, or demographic patterns, in PGE’s service territory;
•the effectiveness of PGE’s risk management policies and procedures;
•cybersecurity attacks, data security breaches, physical attacks and security breaches, or other malicious acts that cause damage to the Company’s generation, transmission, or distribution facilities, information technology systems, inhibit the capability of equipment or systems to function as designed or expected, or result in the release of confidential customer, vendor, employee, or Company information;
•employee workforce factors, including potential strikes, work stoppages, transitions in senior management, the ability to recruit and retain key employees and other talent, and turnover due to macroeconomic trends such as voluntary resignation of large numbers of employees similar to that experienced by other employers and industries since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•new federal, state, and local laws that could have adverse effects on operating results;
•failure to achieve the Company’s greenhouse gas emission goals or being perceived to have either failed to act responsibly with respect to the environment or effectively respond to legislative requirements concerning greenhouse gas emission reductions, any of which could lead to adverse publicity and have adverse effects on the Company's operations and/or damage the Company's reputation;
•political and economic conditions;
•the impact of widespread health developments, including the global COVID–19 pandemic, and responses to such developments (such as voluntary and mandatory quarantines, including government stay at home orders, as well as shut downs and other restrictions on travel, commercial, social, and other activities), which could materially and adversely affect, among other things, demand for electric services, customers’ ability to pay, supply chains, personnel, contract counterparties, liquidity and financial markets;
•changes in financial or regulatory accounting principles or policies imposed by governing bodies;
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•risks and uncertainties related to 2021 All-Source RFP final shortlist projects, including, but not limited to regulatory processes, inflationary impacts, supply chain constraints, supply cost increases (including application of tariffs impacting solar module imports), and legislative uncertainty; and
•acts of war or terrorism.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and, except as required by law, PGE undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such factors or assess the impact of any such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

Overview

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to provide an understanding of the business environment, results of operations, and financial condition of PGE. MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements contained in this report, and other periodic and current reports filed with the SEC.

PGE is a vertically-integrated electric utility engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution, and retail sale of electricity in the State. The Company participates in wholesale markets by purchasing and selling electricity and natural gas in an effort to meet the needs of, and obtain reasonably-priced power for, its retail customers. The Company generates revenues and cash flows primarily from the sale and distribution of electricity to retail customers in its service territory. In addition, PGE continues to develop products and service offerings for the benefit of retail and wholesale customers.

Company Strategy

The Company exists to power the advancement of society. PGE energizes lives, strengthens communities, and fosters energy solutions that promote social, economic, and environmental progress. The Company is committed to being a clean energy leader and delivering steady growth and returns to shareholders. PGE is focused on working with customers, communities, policy makers, and other stakeholders to deliver affordable, safe, reliable electricity service to all, while increasing opportunities to deliver clean and renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and responding to evolving customer expectations. At the same time, the Company is building an increasingly smart, integrated, and interconnected grid that spans from residential customers to other utilities within the region. PGE is transforming all aspects of its business to empower its workforce to be even more results oriented to serve customers well. To create a clean energy future, PGE is focused on the following strategic initiatives:
•Decarbonize Power—Reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with electricity served to retail customers by at least 80% by 2030 and 100% by 2040;
•Electrify the Economy—Increase beneficial electricity use to capture the benefits of new technologies while building an increasingly clean, flexible and reliable grid; and
•Advance our Performance—Improve efficiency, safety, and system and equipment reliability while maintaining affordable energy service and growing earnings per share 5% to 7% annually.

Climate Change

State-mandated GHG emissions reduction targets—In June 2021, the Oregon legislature passed HB 2021, establishing a 100% clean electricity by 2040 framework for PGE and other investor-owned utilities and electric service suppliers in the State. A number of provisions in the bill align with PGE’s strategic direction, and highlight Oregon’s ambitious, economy-wide goals to combat climate change. The GHG emissions reduction targets applicable to these regulated entities are an 80% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, 90% by 2035, and 100% by
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2040 and every year thereafter. For more information regarding HB 2021 and the baseline to which the target reductions apply, see “HB 2021” in the Laws and Regulations section of this Overview.

Empowering customers and communities—PGE’s customers have a desire for purchasing clean energy, as over 234 thousand residential and small commercial customers voluntarily participate in PGE’s Green Future Program, the largest renewable power program by participation in the nation. In 2017, Oregon’s most populous city, Portland, and most populous county, Multnomah, each passed resolutions to achieve 100 percent clean and renewable electricity by 2035 and 100 percent economy-wide clean and renewable energy by 2050. Other jurisdictions in PGE’s service area have similar goals and continue to consider similar goals for the future.

The Company implemented a customer subscription option, the Green Future Impact Program, which is a renewable energy program that allows large business and municipality customers to have a choice in how they source their electricity. Under the Green Future Impact Program, customers can enroll in a Customer-Supplied Option (CSO) or PGE-Supplied Option (PSO). Under the CSO, participants are responsible for finding a renewable energy facility that meets established requirements and bringing those resources to PGE. Under the PSO, customers who enrolled in Phase I can receive energy from PGE-provided purchased power agreements (PPAs) for renewable resources and customers who enroll in Phase II can receive energy from PGE-provided PPAs for renewable resources or energy from renewable resources that are PGE owned, under certain conditions.

As of December 31, 2022, the Green Future Impact Program has an approved capacity of 750 MW nameplate. Through this voluntary program, the Company seeks to support the customers’ clean energy acceleration, achieve PGE sustainability goals, mitigate cost and manage risk, and reliably integrate power.

The Climate Pledge—In 2021, PGE joined The Climate Pledge, a commitment to be net-zero annual carbon emissions by 2040, which is a decade ahead of the Paris Agreement’s goal of 2050. As a signatory to The Climate Pledge, PGE agrees to: i) measure and report GHG emissions on a regular basis; ii) implement decarbonization strategies in line with the Paris Agreement through real business changes and innovations, including efficiency improvements, renewable energy, materials reductions, and other carbon emission elimination strategies; and iii) neutralize any remaining emissions with additional, quantifiable, real, permanent, and socially-beneficial offsets.

Severe weather—In recent years, PGE’s territory has experienced unprecedented heat, historic ice and snowstorms, and wildfires. Beginning December 27, 2022, strong, sustained winds and heavy precipitation caused approximately 180,000 power outages across PGE’s service territory. PGE incurred approximately $5 million in operating expenses related to the storm, of which $4 million has been deferred under PGE’s major storm damage recovery mechanism. On September 9 and 10, 2022, extreme fire conditions and hot, strong wind gusts led PGE to implement a proactive Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) in ten identified PSPS areas and seven additional preventive outage areas. The PSPS event impacted approximately 37,000 customer homes and businesses. Power was restored to all customers impacted by the PSPS on September 11, 2022. PGE incurred approximately $1 million in costs in preparation activities leading up to the event, which have been deferred under the wildfire mitigation deferral mechanism (see “Wildfire mitigation” in the “Regulatory Matters” section of this Overview for more information on the impact to PGE’s results of operations).

In June 2021, temperatures in the region reached all-time recorded highs, shattering the Company’s previous summer peak load demand reached in August 2017 and all time peak load established in December 1998. In 2021, Oregon also experienced an extreme wildfire season, following the 2020 destructive wildfire season, and a severe ice storm. The ice storm led to historic levels of customer power outages, and caused considerable expense for service restoration and damage repair (see “February 2021 ice storms and damage” in the “Regulatory Matters” section of this Overview for more information on the impact to PGE’s results of operation). The increase and severity of extreme weather events highlights the importance of combating the effects of climate change through decarbonizing the power supply and investing in a more reliable and resilient grid.


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Investing in a Clean Energy Future

The Resource Planning Process— PGE’s resource planning process includes working with customers, stakeholders, and regulators to chart the course toward a clean, affordable, and reliable energy future. In 2020, the OPUC acknowledged, subject to conditions and directives, the Company’s 2019 IRP and associated Action Plan. With the passage of HB 2021, PGE is preparing a Clean Energy Plan (CEP), which will articulate the Company’s strategy to meet the 2030, 2035, and 2040 emission reduction targets through an equitable transition to a decarbonized grid. The CEP is based on, and is required to be filed in connection with, the Company’s IRP. In 2021, PGE filed an extension waiver for the next IRP, which the OPUC approved. PGE anticipates filing its first combined IRP and CEP with the OPUC on March 31, 2023. That filing will project PGE’s resource and capacity needs over the next 20 years and propose an Action Plan to meet near-term needs, subject to the new HB 2021 emissions reduction requirements.

PGE estimates a need of approximately 3,000 to 4,000 MW in order to meet the Company’s 2030 emissions reduction target. PGE estimates that this need will be met by targeted acquisition of approximately 2,000 to 3,000 MW of non-emitting resources and adding approximately 1,000 MW of non-emitting dispatchable capacity through new acquisition or extending existing capacity contracts. The Company is in the process of evaluating and updating these projections in anticipation of the upcoming IRP and CEP filing.

2021 All- Source RFP

In 2021, PGE initiated its 2021 All-Source RFP public process, seeking approximately 1,000 MW of renewable resources and non-emitting dispatchable capacity, to fill the need identified in the 2019 IRP action plan and to meet a portion of the Company’s estimated 2030 need. PGE issued the final 2021 All-Source RFP in December 2021, and proposals were submitted in January 2022. PGE submitted a request for acknowledgement of the final shortlist to the OPUC on May 5, 2022 that included seven distinct projects submitted by five bidders for renewable resources and six distinct projects by four bidders for capacity resources.

On July 14, 2022, during a public meeting, the OPUC acknowledged, with conditions, PGE’s proposed final shortlist of renewable resources and non-emitting dispatchable capacity. Subsequently, on August 31, 2022, the OPUC issued its order, memorializing its July 14, 2022 acknowledgement, with conditions. Following the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, PGE provided an opportunity for all bidders selected to the final shortlist to refresh their pricing. Updated pricing was received in August 2022 and PGE, in collaboration with an Independent Evaluator, updated scoring and ranking to reflect pricing changes from bidders. An updated Independent Evaluator's report was filed as an informational update to the OPUC on September 30, 2022.

Pursuant to the 2021 All-Source RFP process, PGE has entered into agreements to acquire the following:
•Clearwater Wind Development—PGE and NextEra Energy Resources, LLC, a subsidiary of NextEra Energy, Inc. entered into agreements to construct a 311 MW wind energy facility, which will be part of the larger Clearwater Wind development in Eastern Montana. PGE will own 208 MW of production capacity of the 311 MW in these agreements, with an investment of approximately $415 million, excluding an allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC). Subsidiaries of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC will own the remaining 103 MW of production capacity and will sell their portion of the output to PGE under a 30-year PPA. Subsidiaries of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC plan to design, build, and operate the facility. The agreements signed by PGE and subsidiaries of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC will be subject to prudency review on customers’ behalf by the OPUC. The project has an estimated commercial operation date of December 31, 2023.

PGE continues to negotiate with remaining bidders on the final shortlist, with expectations to finalize negotiations in the first half of 2023. PGE filed a status report on December 1, 2022 with the OPUC on the current status of negotiations to meet the remaining 2021 All Source RFP targets, including:
•Approximately 75 to 200 MW of renewable resources;
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•Approximately 375 MW of non-emitting dispatchable capacity resources that can be used to meet peak customer demand; and
•One or more resources for the Company’s Green Future Impact Program. Under the Green Future Impact Program, PGE plans to acquire up to 100 MW of new wind, solar, or hybrid renewable and battery storage resources to meet subscriber demand under the PGE supply option. The Company expects the Green Future Impact Program resources considered in the 2021 All-Source RFP to be incremental to the 150 MWa renewable energy target envisioned under the 2019 IRP Action Plan.

Renewable resources in PGE’s 2021 All-Source RFP must be eligible under Oregon’s RPS and qualify for the federal production tax credit (PTC) or the federal investment tax credit. All resources (dispatchable capacity or renewable) must be online by the end of 2024, with certain exceptions for long-lead time resources.

In February 2022, NewSun Energy LLC (NewSun) filed a petition for judicial review in the Marion County Circuit Court against the OPUC, challenging the scoring methodology in the 2021 All-Source RFP. PGE joined in the case as an intervenor. NewSun also filed a motion to stay the 2021 All-Source RFP process, which the Court subsequently denied. The OPUC filed a motion to dismiss the case and PGE joined the OPUC’s motion to dismiss. NewSun opposed the motion. In May 2022, the Court granted the motion to dismiss to which NewSun responded in June 2022 by filing a notice of appeal with the Court of Appeals of the State of Oregon. NewSun has requested multiple extensions to file opening briefs in the appeal.

On October 28, 2022, NewSun filed a petition in Deschutes County Circuit Court seeking review of the OPUC order acknowledging, with conditions, PGE’s 2021 All-Source RFP shortlist.

PGE cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings or potential impact, if any, to its ongoing 2021 All-Source RFP process.

2023 All-Source RFP

PGE filed notice with the OPUC on January 31, 2023 that an RFP in 2023 is needed to procure resources to meet a forecasted 2026 capacity shortfall and to make continued progress toward HB 2021’s decarbonization targets. These actions are consistent with the forthcoming 2023 IRP Action Plan and CEP. The filing includes PGE’s request for a waiver of the OPUC’s competitive bidding rules and outlines PGE’s recommended timeline for obtaining necessary regulatory approvals and issuing the RFP to the market in the third quarter of 2023. PGE desires to select a final shortlist and submit a request for acknowledgment to the OPUC in December of 2023.

Building a resilient grid—To serve communities with clean energy, PGE’s grid of the future will need to be smart and adaptive. Highlights of PGE’s key investments and plans for building a resilient grid include:
•Wildfire Mitigation—PGE’s Wildfire Mitigation & Resiliency organization plans and implements the Wildfire Mitigation Program, developing and coordinating activities across the company. Under the 2022 Wildfire Mitigation Plan, PGE completed approximately $15 million in capital projects that include installing weather stations and wildfire-detection cameras as well as further hardening the electricity grid in high risk fire areas. PGE expects 2023 capital project spend will be materially consistent with 2022.
•Virtual Power Plant (VPP)—PGE’s customer offerings related to energy efficiency programs, rooftop solar, battery storage and electric vehicle chargers aim to support grid reliability and increase portfolio flexibility and resource diversity. These distributed energy resources are the foundation of PGE’s VPP that will provide a growing suite of grid and system services over time. When coordinated through a VPP platform, distributed energy resources and flexible loads can help the Company achieve cost-effective decarbonization, advance customer and community energy resiliency, promote customer engagement with the energy system, and unlock additional grid services that enable PGE’s distribution system plan (DSP) vision of a dynamic two-way system. In 2022, PGE successfully used batteries in the VPP to contribute to
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system needs and improve grid reliability, demonstrating that, as distributed energy resources scale, PGE has the technology to use them to support resource adequacy and decarbonization goals.
•Distribution System Plan—In 2021, PGE filed its inaugural DSP, which lays out plans to build a grid that empowers customers to make energy management choices to support decarbonization and supports a two-way energy ecosystem with resources like batteries, EV charging, and solar panels where communities—especially underserved Oregonians—need them. The plan consists of two parts, the first of which was acknowledged by the OPUC on March 8, 2022. Part Two was filed on August 15, 2022.

Electrify the economy—To help Oregon reach its decarbonization goals, PGE is working to build a safe, reliable, and affordable, economy-wide, clean energy future. The Company is committed to increase electrification of buildings and support the accelerating pace of vehicle electrification for our customers, as well as our own vehicle fleet. In 2022, PGE completed approximately $11 million in capital projects related to electrifying PGE’s vehicle fleet.

Transportation electrification is one of the most significant ways to reduce GHG emissions in Oregon. PGE is engaged with customers and communities to develop infrastructure projects aimed at improving accessibility to electric vehicle charging stations, build fleet partnerships, and offer programs to encourage customers to advance transportation electrification.

In 2019, PGE filed with the OPUC its first Transportation Electrification plan, which considers current and planned activities, along with both existing and potential system impacts, in relation to Oregon’s GHG emissions reduction goals. In 2020, the OPUC accepted the plan and related costs and revenues associated with the Transportation Electrification and Electric Vehicle Charging pilot programs. In 2021, the Oregon legislature enacted HB 2165, ensuring the OPUC has clear and broad authority to allow electric company investments in infrastructure to support transportation electrification. PGE made a request to the OPUC to delay the filing of its next full Transportation Electrification plan until no later than June 1, 2023 to allow for time for review and evaluation of the plan in the context of the Company’s IRP and CEP filings. This request was approved by the OPUC on February 7, 2023.

Businesses and families continue to turn to electricity to serve their home and workplace needs and PGE continues to share information on the benefits of electric appliances, landscaping tools and equipment, and heat pumps, which provide efficient heating and cooling. In addition, the Company continues to pursue advanced technologies to enhance the grid, pursue distributed generation and energy storage, and develop microgrids and the use of data and analytics to better predict demand and support energy-saving customer programs.

Laws and Regulations

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act—On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed into law the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which includes approximately $550 billion of new federal spending. PGE is pursuing multiple areas under the IIJA for potential grant funding of projects. These projects target improvements in electrical system reliability and resiliency, wildfire situational awareness and mitigation, greater communications capabilities, advancements in customer usage analytics using artificial intelligence, renewable resources and advanced electrical grid support, hydro generation operations, hydrogen production, and regional transmission capacity constraints. As of 2022, PGE has submitted two full applications. PGE cannot predict the ultimate timing and success of securing funding from programs under the IIJA.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022—The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) was signed into law by President Biden on August 16, 2022 with a majority of the provisions effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. Among other provisions, the bill includes:
•implementation of a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) for applicable corporations with average adjusted financial statement income over a three-year period in excess of $1 billion per year;
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•an excise tax of 1% of the fair market value of any stock which is repurchased, reduced by any stock issued during the taxable year; and
•significant tax incentives for energy and climate initiatives, including:
◦A three-year extension and modification of PTCs for facilities that begin construction before December 31, 2024;
◦The ability to transfer or sell PTCs to other taxpayers;
◦Reestablished solar PTC which would allow PGE the opportunity to be competitive in owning solar resources in renewable RFPs;
◦An opt-out of Investment Tax Credit (ITC) normalization requirements on certain stand-alone storage projects;
◦Beginning January 1, 2025, the traditional resource-specific PTCs and ITCs are replaced with technology-neutral clean electricity credits. Critical normalization alternatives are retained with these credits; and
◦Several provisions supporting expanded transportation electrification.

The Company does not expect the excise tax on stock repurchases and the new CAMT to have an impact on the Company’s results of operations. PGE will be closely monitoring guidance from the IRS regarding the enhanced energy credits available under the IRA. Compared to previous resource planning processes, the Company believes the new tax incentives will provide additional investment opportunities for PGE and result in lower customer prices. Increased capital expenditures in such investment would likely result in additional financing needs through debt and equity instruments.

HB 2021—In June 2021, the Oregon Legislature passed HB 2021, which requires retail electricity providers to reduce GHG emissions associated with serving Oregon retail electricity consumers 80% by 2030, 90% by 2035, and 100% by 2040, compared to their baseline emissions levels. The baseline levels for PGE are the average annual emissions for the years 2010, 2011, and 2012 associated with the electricity sold to its retail electricity consumers as reported to the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ).

HB 2021 requires utilities to develop a CEP for meeting the targets, concurrent with each IRP, and to develop a DSP at reasonable costs to retail electricity consumers. In reviewing a CEP, the OPUC must ensure that utilities plan for equitable implementation and demonstrate continual progress and are taking actions as soon as practicable that facilitate rapid reduction of GHG emissions.

Regulated entities will continue to report annual GHG emissions to the ODEQ, as they do today. In threshold years, and every year thereafter, the OPUC will use the data reported to the ODEQ for that compliance year to determine whether the reduction targets are met. The preliminary percentage of 2022 retail load served by non-emitting resources is 39 percent. This amount excludes generation and purchases associated with power delivered outside of PGE service territory and is calculated utilizing methodology per the ODEQ’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Protocol for investor-owned utilities. The underlying information is subject to ODEQ review and approval.

HB 2021 also:
•Aligns with PGE decarbonization goals;
•Establishes clear decarbonization authority for the OPUC, including authority over ESSs;
•Modernizes competition provisions of Oregon’s electricity restructuring law from 1999;
•Provides clear authority and process for a community-wide green tariff program for customers 30 kilowatts and smaller and allows utilities the ability to earn a return on investments in program resources; and
•Codifies non-bypassability of costs to ensure all customers pay their share of HB 2021 policy costs.

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Governor executive orders—In 2020, the Governor of Oregon issued an executive order that directed State agencies to integrate climate change and the State’s GHG emissions reduction goals into their plans, budgets, investments, and decisions to the extent allowed by law. Among other things, the executive order directed the OPUC to:
•encourage electric companies to support transportation electrification infrastructure that supports GHG emissions reductions and zero-emission vehicle goals;
•prioritize proceedings and activities that advance decarbonization in the utility sector and exercise its broad statutory authority to reduce GHG emissions, mitigate energy burden on utility customers, and ensure reliability and resource adequacy; and
•determine whether utility portfolios and customer programs reduce risks and costs to utility customers by making rapid progress towards reducing GHG emissions consistent with Oregon’s reduction goals.
In addition, the executive order directed the ODEQ to adopt a program to cap and reduce GHG emissions within the State from large stationary sources, transportation fuels, and other liquid or gaseous fuels including natural gas. In December 2021, the ODEQ adopted the Climate Protection Plan, which provided an exemption for electricity generation from the Company’s natural gas-fired resources. The executive order also modified the reduction goals of the State’s Clean Fuels Program and extended the program, from the previous rule that required a ten percent reduction in average carbon intensity of fuels by 2025, to a 25 percent reduction by 2035.

PGE continues to monitor activities of State agencies that have utilized the executive order to shape State policy or seek to implement the order through their own regulatory authority.

RPS standards and other laws—In 2016, SB 1547 set a benchmark for how much electricity must come from renewable sources and required the elimination of coal from Oregon utility customers’ energy supply no later than 2030.

PGE ceased coal fired operation at its Boardman generating facility in 2020 and continues the process of decommissioning the plant. The Company has a 20% ownership share in Colstrip Units 3 and 4 and in response to SB 1547, the Company filed a tariff request in 2016 with the OPUC and received approval to accelerate recovery of PGE’s investment in Colstrip from 2042 to 2030. In 2020, the owners of Colstrip Units 1 and 2 permanently retired those two units. Although PGE has no direct ownership interest in those units, ongoing operations of Units 3 and 4 utilize certain common facilities with Units 1 and 2.

Effective May 9, 2022, PGE’s depreciation rates and associated customer prices changed as approved by the OPUC in the Company’s 2022 General Rate Case (2022 GRC) to reflect further accelerated depreciation of Colstrip Units 3 and 4 from 2030 to December 31, 2025. In order to meet PGE’s regulatory and legislative requirements, the Company continues to evaluate the possibility of exiting ownership of Units 3 and 4 to meet PGE’s regulatory and legislative requirements. See Note 19, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for information regarding legal proceedings related to Colstrip.

Any reduction in generation from Colstrip has the potential to provide capacity on the Colstrip transmission facilities, which stretch from eastern Montana to near the western end of that state to serve markets in the Pacific Northwest and neighboring states. PGE has an approximate 15% ownership interest in, and capacity on, the Colstrip transmission facilities. See “Investing in a Clean Energy Future” in this Overview for information regarding development in eastern Montana.

Other provisions of SB 1547 include:
•An increase in RPS thresholds to 27% by 2025, 35% by 2030, 45% by 2035, and 50% by 2040;
•A limitation on the life of renewable energy credits (RECs) generated from facilities that become operational after 2022 to five years, but continued unlimited lifespan for all existing RECs and allowance
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for the generation of additional unlimited RECs for a period of five years for projects online before December 31, 2022; and
•An opportunity to pursue recovery of energy storage costs related to renewable energy in the Company’s RAC filings.

For a more comprehensive review of Environmental Matters, see “Environmental Matters” in Item 1.—Business.

Regulatory Matters

PGE focuses on providing reliable, clean power to customers at affordable prices while providing a fair return to investors. To achieve this goal the Company must execute effectively within its regulatory framework and maintain prudent management of key financial, regulatory, and environmental matters that may affect customer prices and investor returns. The following discussion provides detail on such matters.

General Rate Cases—In July 2021, PGE filed with the OPUC a GRC based on a 2022 test year. Following a public review process, on April 25, 2022, the OPUC issued Order 22-129, which authorized a:
•capital structure of 50% debt and 50% equity;
•return on equity of 9.5%; and
•cost of capital of 6.813%.
Order 22-129 resolved the annual revenue requirement reflecting an increase of $74 million and an average rate base of $5.6 billion. New customer prices, as approved by the OPUC, became effective May 9, 2022. Key elements of the OPUC’s Order also:
•established a balancing account for the Company’s major storm damage recovery mechanism;
•denied PGE’s proposal for a secondary phase of the 2022 GRC regarding the Faraday capital improvement project. The Company had requested that recovery of the capital cost of improvements at the Faraday hydroelectric facility be included in the new rate base. However, as the project was not yet placed in-service, the capital-related revenue requirement was removed and PGE was allowed to pursue recovery in the Company’s next GRC. As of December 31, 2022, the construction work-in-progress balance associated with Faraday was $168 million, including AFUDC;
•required PGE to defer and refund, subject to an earnings test, the revenue requirement associated with Boardman included in customer prices following plant closure in 2020 (for more information see “Deferral of Boardman revenue requirement” within this “Overview” section); and
•created an earnings test for the deferrals for the 2020 Labor Day wildfire and the February 2021 ice storm and damage to be applied on a year-by-year basis.

Further, the parties agreed to eliminate PGE’s decoupling mechanism, which provided a means of recovery (or refund) of margin lost (or gained) as a result of changes in weather-adjusted energy use per customer in comparison to levels projected when customer prices were set. From May 9 through the remainder of 2022, estimated collections from, or refunds to, customers were pro-rated and are expected to be amortized into customer prices in 2024 over a one-year period. For further information on the decoupling mechanism, see “Decoupling” in this Overview section.

As a result of the earnings tests outlined in the OPUC’s Order, the Company released deferrals associated with the year ended 2020, resulting in a pre-tax, non-cash charge to earnings for 2022 in the amount of $17 million. The amount recorded represents the Company’s estimate based on its interpretation of the OPUC’s earnings test. For the years 2021 and 2022, PGE does not expect to exceed its regulated return on equity under the earnings test methodology approved by the OPUC and as a result, no further release of deferrals or earnings test reserve is expected. The OPUC has significant discretion in making the final determination of the application of the earnings
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test for 2020, 2021, and 2022 and the final determination could result in additional disallowances or refunds, which could be material, compared to the amount reserved by the Company as of December 31, 2022.

On February 15, 2023, PGE filed with the OPUC a GRC based on a 2024 test year (2024 GRC) requesting an increase that, when including Colstrip-related adjustments through a supplemental tariff, results in an overall average increase of approximately 14.0% in customer prices for 2024. The requested price increase includes an approximate 4.5% increase as a result of higher NVPC expected in 2024. The NVPC projection will be updated periodically during 2023.

The Company’s 2024 GRC filing seeks recovery of capital investments made across the business to meet growing demand, improve reliability, resiliency, and capability to deliver safe, reliable, clean electricity to customers. A significant portion of the Company’s capital is related to the continued investment in the transmission and distribution system to meet evolving customer expectations and growing demand while also replacing aging infrastructure. PGE’s request also includes recovery of the capital costs to repower the original 1907 Faraday hydro facility, which was placed into service January 31, 2023.

PGE is seeking operations and maintenance increases critical for maintaining the ability to deliver safe, reliable, affordable power amid a period of record inflation. The Company has seen cost pressures in various areas of the business, including labor, wholesale electricity and natural gas commodity prices, and the increased cost-of-debt associated with higher interest rates on its long-term debt.

The Company is also proposing key changes to its PCAM and modifications to the AUT to better address highly dynamic and volatile power market uncertainties and evolving regional fundamental drivers.

PGE has requested a:
•capital structure of 50% debt and 50% equity;
•return on equity of 9.8%;
•cost of capital of 7.06%, which reflects updates for actual and forecasted debt costs; and
•a rate base of $6.3 billion.

Complete details of the 2022 GRC filing (OPUC Docket UE 394), the resulting OPUC Order, are available on the OPUC website at www.oregon.gov/puc. Regulatory review of the 2024 GRC (OPUC Docket UE 416) will continue throughout 2023, with a final order expected to be issued by the OPUC in December 2023, for new customer prices effective January 1, 2024.

COVID-19 impacts—In March 2020, PGE filed an application with the OPUC for deferral of lost revenue and certain incremental costs, such as bad debt expense, related to COVID-19. PGE, other utilities under the OPUC’s jurisdiction, intervenors, and OPUC staff held discussions regarding the scope of costs incurred by utilities that may qualify for deferral under Docket UM 2114. The result of such discussions was an Energy Term Sheet (Term Sheet), which dictates costs in scope for deferral but is silent to the timing of recovery of such costs. In September 2020, the OPUC adopted a proposed OPUC Staff motion for Staff to execute stipulations incorporating the terms of the Term Sheet. PGE’s deferral application was approved by the OPUC in October 2020 with final stipulations for the Term Sheet approved in November 2020.

As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, PGE’s deferred balance was $22 million and $36 million, respectively, comprised primarily of bad debt expense in excess of what is currently considered and collected in customer prices. PGE did not defer incremental bad debt expense associated with customers who are not on a time payment arrangement in 2022. The Company released deferrals associated with the year ended 2020, resulting in a pre-tax charge to earnings for 2022 in the amount of $2 million. The amount recorded represents the Company’s estimate based on its understanding of the OPUC’s intent to apply an earnings test to certain elements of utility COVID deferrals. PGE filed a request for amortization of deferred amounts on December 16, 2022, which reflected a $12 million adjustment primarily related to bad debt write-offs being lower than estimated. The request for amortization has an effective date of April 1, 2023, and is still pending the approval of the Commission.
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Amortization of any deferred costs will remain subject to OPUC review prior to amortization in customer prices and would be subject to an earnings test. PGE believes the amounts deferred are probable of recovery as the Company’s prudently incurred costs were in response to the unique nature of the COVID-19 pandemic health emergency. The OPUC has significant discretion in making the final determination of recovery. The OPUC’s conclusion of overall prudence and the application of an earnings review could result in a portion, or all, of PGE’s deferrals being disallowed for recovery. Such disallowance would be recognized as a charge to earnings.

2020 Labor Day wildfire—In 2020, Oregon experienced the most destructive wildfire season on record, with over one million acres of land burned. PGE’s wildfire mitigation planning includes regular system-wide risk assessment, which led to the identification and activation of a PSPS in a zone near Mt. Hood that was identified as a region at high risk of wildfire in 2020. Additionally, in response to wildfires across Oregon in 2020, PGE cut power to eight additional high-risk fire areas in partnership with local and regional agencies. The Oregon Department of Forestry has opened an investigation into the causes of wildfires in Clackamas County. The Company has received a subpoena and is fully cooperating. The Company is not aware of any wildfires caused by PGE equipment.

In October 2020, the OPUC formally approved PGE’s request for deferral of 2020 wildfire-related costs. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, PGE’s cumulative deferred costs related to the 2020 wildfire response was $31 million and $45 million, respectively. Pursuant to the earnings tests outlined in Order 22-129, the Company has released deferrals associated with the year ended 2020, resulting in a pre-tax charge to earnings for 2022 in the amount of $15 million. The amount recorded represents the Company’s estimate based on its interpretation of the OPUC’s earnings test.

On July 27, 2022, PGE made a request for amortization with the OPUC that would allow the company to collect the deferred costs in customer prices over a seven-year amortization period beginning November 1, 2022. On October 24, 2022, PGE and parties submitted a stipulation with the OPUC reflecting an agreement that resolved all matters related to 2021 under this deferral and would allow PGE full recovery of the amounts deferred as of September 30, 2022, with amortization over a seven-year period. Order 22-435, issued November 3, 2022, adopted the stipulation approving amortization of amounts that began on January 1, 2023.

Wildfire mitigation—Represents incremental costs and investments made by PGE related to intensifying efforts on its system to increase wildfire safety and resiliency to weather and other disaster-related crises under SB 762, which was passed in the 2021 legislative session with an effective date of July 19, 2021. These efforts include enhanced tree and brush clearing, replacing equipment, and making emergency plans in close partnership with local, state, and federal land and emergency management agencies to further expand the use of a PSPS, if the need should arise. Pursuant to SB 762, PGE submitted a risk-based wildfire protection plan to the OPUC in December 2022. In Order 22-129, the OPUC did not adopt any rate adjustment mechanisms, but rather invited PGE to submit a filing proposing a cost recovery mechanism for incremental wildfire costs consistent with SB 762 and establishing an ongoing review for reasonableness. The outcome of PGE’s 2022 GRC provided an annual amount of $24 million to be collected in customer prices in regards to wildfire mitigation efforts. On July 1, 2022, PGE filed an application for reauthorization of OPUC Docket UM 2019 to defer incremental wildfire mitigation costs which exceed the amount granted in customer prices. As of December 31, 2022, PGE’s deferred balance related to wildfire mitigation was $28 million. While the Company believes the full amount of the deferral is probable of recovery, the OPUC has significant discretion in making the final determination of recovery. The OPUC’s conclusions of overall prudence, could result in a portion, or all, of PGE’s deferral being disallowed for recovery. Such disallowance would be recognized as a charge to earnings.

PGE submitted a tariff filing on August 19, 2022 for an automatic adjustment clause for incremental wildfire mitigation spending, as allowed under SB 762. The filing included a proposal to report semi-annually to show PGE’s progress relative to its Wildfire Mitigation Plan, which is filed under docket UM 2208. On September 9, 2022, the OPUC suspended the tariff and opened docket UE 412 to investigate the filing. On January 13, 2023, PGE, Staff, and certain intervenors have entered into a partial stipulation that would establish a Wildfire Mitigation Mechanism that would allow recovery of PGE’s prudently incurred wildfire mitigation costs, subject to a prudency review. The partial stipulation also supports the deferral of PGE’s wildfire mitigation costs related to 2022 and 2023
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that exceed the amount currently granted in customer prices, subject to a prudency review. The partial stipulation is pending OPUC approval which is targeted for May 10, 2023.

The Company’s deferral application for expenses related to wildfire mitigation, filed in 2019 under OPUC Docket UM 2019, has not yet been approved by the OPUC.

February 2021 ice storms and damage—In February 2021, a historic set of storms involving heavy snow, winds and ice impacted the United States, including PGE’s service territory. Oregon’s Governor declared a state of emergency due to severe winter weather that resulted in heavy snow and ice accumulation, high winds, critical transportation failures, and loss of power and communications capabilities. The wind and ice from the storms caused significant damage to PGE’s transmission and distribution systems, which resulted in over 750,000 outages, with many customers affected more than once. At peak activity during the recovery, PGE deployed over 400 repair crews across the service territory, with many of these crews provided through mutual aid arrangements from throughout the West.

On February 15, 2021, PGE filed an application for authorization to defer emergency restoration costs for the February storms (Docket UM 2156) and as of December 31, 2022, the Company has deferred a total of $74 million, including interest, related to incremental operating expenses due to the storms. PGE incurred and deferred costs related to replacing and rebuilding PGE facilities damaged by the storms, as well as addressing vegetation and other resulting debris and hazards both in and outside of PGE’s property and right-of-way. PGE received OPUC Order No. 22-020 approving the February storms deferral on January 26, 2022.

On October 24, 2022, PGE and parties submitted a stipulation with the OPUC reflecting an agreement that resolved all matters related to 2021 under this deferral and would allow PGE full recovery of the deferred amounts with amortization over a seven-year period. The OPUC adopted the stipulation approving amortization of amounts with amortization that began on January 1, 2023.

Declared states of emergency—In September 2021, the OPUC issued an order that approved a pre-authorized deferral of costs associated with declared states of emergency. Qualifying events would include federal or state declared emergencies with impacts on PGE’s service territory. Previously the Company had to file a request for deferred accounting when an event of that nature occurred, and had to seek OPUC approval of such deferred accounting applications to be effective. With this order, PGE would provide notice of an event that qualifies within 30 days of the declared state of emergency and would not need to seek OPUC approval to apply deferred accounting treatment for incremental costs related to the emergency. The OPUC maintains responsibility to review utility requests to amortize deferred amounts in customer prices, including a review of utility prudence in a future proceeding, among other requirements. As of December 31, 2022, PGE has not recorded any costs under this deferral order.

Power costs—Pursuant to the AUT process, PGE annually files an estimate of power costs for the following year. As approved by the OPUC, the 2022 AUT included a final increase in power costs for 2022, and a corresponding increase in annual revenue requirement, of $64 million from 2021 levels, which were reflected in customer prices effective January 1, 2022. The 2023 AUT contains a $186 million increase in NVPC that will be recovered in customer prices beginning January 1, 2023. See “Power operations” within this Overview section of Item 7 for more information regarding the PCAM.

For 2021, actual NVPC was $62 million above baseline NVPC, which was outside the established deadband range. Therefore, PGE deferred $29 million, which represents 90% of the excess variance expected to be collected from customers for the year ended December 31, 2021. In conjunction with the OPUC’s annual review of the Company’s PCAM filing, on October 24, 2022, PGE and parties submitted a stipulation with the OPUC reflecting an agreement that resolved all matters related to this deferral and would allow PGE full recovery of deferred costs, except for $2 million. The OPUC issued an order November 8, 2022 approving the stipulation. Amortization over a two-year period began January 1, 2023. See “Power operations” within this Overview section of Item 7 for more information regarding the PCAM.

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Portland Harbor Environmental Remediation Account (PHERA) mechanism—The EPA has listed PGE as one of over one hundred Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) related to the remediation of the Portland Harbor Superfund site. As of December 31, 2022, significant uncertainties still remained concerning the precise boundaries for clean-up, the assignment of responsibility for clean-up costs, the final selection of a proposed remedy by the EPA, and the method of allocation of costs amongst PRPs. It is probable that PGE will share in a portion of these costs. In a Record of Decision (ROD) issued in 2017, the EPA outlined its selected remediation plan for clean-up of the Portland Harbor site, which had an estimated total cost of $1.7 billion. Stakeholders have raised concerns that EPA’s cost estimates are understated, and PGE estimates undiscounted total remediation costs for Portland Harbor per the ROD could range from $1.9 billion to $3.5 billion. The Company does not currently have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the amount, or range, of its potential costs for investigation or remediation of Portland Harbor. However, the Company may obtain sufficient information, prior to the final determination of allocation percentages among PRPs, to develop a reasonable estimate, or range, of its potential liability that would require recording an estimate, or low end of the range. The Company’s liability related to the cost of remediating Portland Harbor could be material to PGE’s financial position. The impact of such costs to the Company’s results of operations is mitigated by the PHERA mechanism. As approved by the OPUC, the Company’s recovery mechanism allows the Company to defer and recover estimated liabilities and incurred environmental expenditures related to the Portland Harbor Superfund Site through a combination of third-party proceeds, including, but not limited to, insurance recoveries, and customer prices, as necessary. The mechanism established annual prudency reviews of environmental expenditures and third-party proceeds, and annual expenditures in excess of $6 million, excluding contingent liabilities, are subject to an annual earnings test. PGE’s results of operations may be impacted to the extent such expenditures were to be deemed imprudent by the OPUC or disallowed per the prescribed earnings test. For further information regarding the PHERA mechanism, see “EPA Investigation of Portland Harbor” in Note 19, Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Decoupling—The decoupling mechanism, previously authorized by the OPUC through 2022, was intended to provide for recovery of margin lost as a result of a reduction in electricity sales attributable to energy efficiency, customer-owned generation, and conservation efforts by residential and certain commercial customers. The mechanism provided for collection from (or refund to) customers if weather-adjusted use per customer was less (or more) than that projected in the Company’s most recent GRC.

Collections under the decoupling mechanism were subject to an annual limitation of 2% of revenues for each eligible customer class, based on the net prices in effect for the applicable tariff schedule at the time of collection. For estimated collections recorded in 2022, the Company did not reach the 2% limit for any applicable tariff schedule that would be applied when actually collected in 2024. No limit existed for any potential refunds under the decoupling mechanism, thus increased demand from residential customers since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in larger estimated refunds under the decoupling mechanism, which largely offset the revenue increases that resulted from higher residential demand.

In the 2022 GRC, parties reached an agreement that has eliminated PGE’s decoupling mechanism upon the effective date of new customer prices pursuant to the case, which began May 9, 2022. Pursuant to the GRC Order, the OPUC adopted the agreement such that deferrals will not occur after 2022, although amortization of then previously recorded deferrals will continue as scheduled until collected or refunded in future customer prices and deferral continued through the end of 2022 on a prorated basis. In the 2024 GRC filing, the Company has included a concept proposal that could lead to resuming decoupling January 1, 2024, with certain modifications.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an estimated refund of $3 million to residential customers and a collection of $6 million from commercial customers that resulted from variances between actual weather-adjusted use per customer and that projected in the 2019 GRC. The Company saw a decline in weather-adjusted use per customer from both residential and commercial customers during 2022 compared to 2021 levels, although residential usage continued to exceed the projections.

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At December 31, 2021, PGE had recorded a total refund of $10 million that will be refunded to customers over a one-year period, which began January 1, 2023.

Deferral of Boardman revenue requirement—In October 2020, intervenors filed a deferral application with the OPUC that would require PGE to defer and refund the revenue requirement associated with the Company’s Boardman coal-fired generating plant (Boardman) then included in customer prices as established in the Company’s 2019 GRC. The application stated a deferral was required for customers to adequately capture the reduction in revenue requirement beginning on October 15, 2020, the date Boardman ceased operations. PGE estimated the revenue requirement for Boardman to be $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an additional $66 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, and $23 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In the 2022 GRC Order, the OPUC found that the deferral was warranted with amortization subject to an earnings test. On July 27, 2022, the Company filed an application, which, subject to OPUC approval, showed that the Company did not exceed the earnings test threshold for 2020 or 2021 and consequently, no refund would be required for those years. Customer prices resulting from the 2022 GRC Order no longer include any revenue requirement related to Boardman after new customer prices took effect on May 9, 2022. Although still subject to OPUC review, PGE does not believe it exceeded its regulated return on equity under the earnings test for 2022.

On October 24, 2022, PGE and parties submitted a stipulation with the OPUC reflecting an agreement that resolved all matters related to 2021 under this deferral and states that no refund is necessary for that year. The stipulation remains subject to OPUC approval. Review and determination of potential refund for the periods related to 2020 and 2022 remain outstanding. In November 2022, the OPUC granted a motion by PGE to suspend the procedural schedule and directed the Company to file a status update no later than February 16, 2023. In granting the ruling the OPUC noted that it expects to resolve this matter, addressing both the 2020 and 2022 deferrals within the first half of 2023.

Based on the application of an earnings test, PGE has not recorded a refund related to Boardman for 2020, 2021, or 2022. The OPUC has significant discretion in making the final determination of the application of the earnings test for 2020, 2021, and 2022, and could require additional refunds that would be recognized as a charge to earnings, which could be material.

Renewable recovery framework—As previously authorized by the OPUC, a primary method available to recover costs associated with renewable resources is the RAC. The RAC allows PGE to recover prudently incurred costs of renewable resources through filings made each year, outside of a GRC. There were no significant filings made under the RAC during 2022. In the 2019 GRC Order, the OPUC authorized the inclusion of prudent costs of energy storage projects associated with renewables in future RAC filings, under certain conditions. PGE is requesting within its 2024 GRC that the OPUC clarify that energy storage used to integrate renewables on a utility’s system qualifies as associated energy storage.

Operating Activities

In addition to electricity provided by PGE’s own generation portfolio, to meet retail load requirements and balance energy supply with customer demand, the Company purchases and sells electricity in the wholesale market. PGE also performs portfolio management and wholesale market sales services for third parties in the region. The Company participates in the western EIM, which allows, among other things, more renewable energy integration into the grid by better complementing the variable output of renewable resources. In its ongoing effort to benefit retail and wholesale customers, PGE has announced its intention to join the Western Power Pool and a binding resource adequacy program for the region known as the WRAP. Ten other utilities in the western United States and Canada have recently signaled similar intent. The WRAP represents an effort to increase reliability and clean energy in the region through resource diversification and load sharing while managing overall costs. The Company also purchases natural gas in the United States and Canada to fuel its generation portfolio and sells excess gas back into the wholesale market.

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PGE generates revenues and cash flows primarily from the sale and distribution of electricity to its retail customers. The impact of seasonal weather conditions on demand for electricity can cause the Company’s revenues, cash flows, and income from operations to fluctuate from period to period. Historically, PGE has experienced its highest MWa deliveries and retail energy sales during the winter heating season and did record a new winter peak load in December 2022. Summer peak deliveries have continued to exceed those of the winter months for several years, generally resulting from air conditioning demand and the trend toward a warmer overall climate. During the summer of 2021, demand reached a new all-time high, surpassing the previous mark, which was a winter peak. For further information regarding seasonal fluctuations, see “Seasonality” in the Customers and Revenues section in Item 1.—“Business.” Retail customer price changes and customer usage patterns, which can be affected by the economy and recently, by changes resulting from COVID-19, also have an effect on revenues. Wholesale power availability and price, hydro and wind generation, and fuel costs for thermal plants can also affect income from operations. PGE has taken measures to help ensure the availability of supply chain-constrained items that are needed to serve new and existing customers, such as advance ordering of critical materials, pre-securing manufacturing capacity with strategic partners, and evaluating availability with established and new suppliers. PGE has also taken measures to help mitigate cost increases through long term agreements, supplier engagement and expanding the supply base.

Customers and demand—The following tables present total energy deliveries and the average number of retail customers by customer type for 2022 and 2021.
Energy deliveries (MWh in thousands)20222021% Increase/
(Decrease)
Retail:
     Residential8,088 7,978 1.4 %
     Commercial (PGE sales only)6,650 6,604 0.7 
          Direct Access548 589 (7.0)
     Total Commercial7,198 7,193 0.1 
     Industrial (PGE sales only)4,167 3,714 12.2 
          Direct Access1,778 1,647 8.0 
     Total Industrial5,945 5,361 10.9 
     Total (PGE sales only)18,905 18,296 3.3 
          Total Direct Access2,326 2,236 4.0 
     Total retail energy deliveries21,231 20,532 3.4 %
Wholesale energy deliveries6,000 5,946 0.9 
     Total energy deliveries27,231 26,478 2.8 %

Average number of retail customers20222021% Increase/
(Decrease)
Residential809,573 88 %800,372 88 %1.1 %
Commercial112,127 12 111,062 12 1.0 
Industrial192 — 191 — 0.5 
Direct access552 — 584 — (5.5)
Total922,444 100 %912,209 100 %1.1 %

In 2022, retail energy deliveries increased 3.4% from 2021, with increases reflected in all three customer categories, although driven by strong demand from industrial customers. The industrial class has experienced an increase in energy deliveries, due primarily to continued growth in the high-tech and digital services sectors. Residential usage continues to be elevated compared to levels seen before COVID-19, as remote and hybrid work schedules remain in place across the Company’s service area. Weather had a positive impact on deliveries with warmer than normal
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temperatures experienced during the summer months and overall cooler weather seen during the heating seasons than in 2021.

In March 2020, the Governor of Oregon issued an order directing residents to stay at home except for essential activity and mandating closure of businesses for which close personal contact would be difficult or impossible to avoid. The Company saw a shift in retail demand in response, beginning with the second quarter of 2020. In particular, residential loads increased as a larger percentage of the population spent more time at home. Conversely, commercial energy deliveries declined as many businesses were disrupted in an attempt to maintain social distancing or have closed as a result of the lack of business as residents followed directives from state and federal authorities. The majority of state and local mandates were lifted by mid-2021, allowing for commercial recovery to begin, however as COVID-19 variants impacted communities in 2021, impacts to energy deliveries, particularly increases in residential average usage remained. In 2022, PGE began to see decreases in average residential usage on a weather-adjusted, year over year basis, however we expect that the shift that has occurred with respect to hybrid work schedules will have lasting impacts on average usage.

Residential energy deliveries, which are most sensitive to fluctuations in temperatures, were 1.4% higher in 2022 than 2021, due to a 0.2% increase in average usage per customer, which resulted largely from warmer summer and colder fourth quarter temperatures, and a 1.1% increase in the average number of customers.

Commercial energy deliveries were fairly stable in 2022 with the prior year, showing an increase of 0.1%. While COVID-19 related recovery has largely occurred, continued impacts of programmatic energy efficiency and uncertainty in economic conditions have tempered commercial growth in 2022.

Industrial energy deliveries increased 10.9% in 2022 due to continued strength in the high-tech manufacturing and digital service sector. Several large customers experienced continued growth in 2022 and new data center facilities came online.

Total heating degree-days, an indication of electricity use for heating, in 2022 were fairly consistent overall with the 15-year average although 7% above total heating degree-days in 2021. The Company experienced a new record winter peak load in December 2022 of 4,113 MW. Total cooling degree-days, a similar indication of the extent to which customers were likely to have used electricity for cooling, in 2022, exceeded the 15-year average by 52%, although were only 3% above the 2021 total, illustrating that the two most recent summer seasons have been exceedingly warm compared to historical averages. The following table presents the number of heating and cooling degree-days in 2022 and 2021, along with the current 15-year averages, reflecting the influence that weather had on comparative energy deliveries.
 Heating Degree-DaysCooling Degree-Days   
 2022202115-Year Average2022202115-Year Average
1st quarter1,761 1,805 1,846 — — — 
2nd quarter760 498 625 75 238 100 
3rd quarter6 54 72 745 600 467 
4th quarter1,576 1,471 1,560 45 — 2 
Total4,103 3,828 4,103 865 838 569 
Increase (decrease) from the 15-year average— %(7)%52 %47 %

On a weather-adjusted basis, total retail deliveries increased 2.0% from 2021. The increase was driven by a 10.6% growth in industrial deliveries, partially offset by a 0.5% decline in commercial energy deliveries and a 1.4% decrease in weather-adjusted deliveries to residential customers, as average use per customer has declined from the highs seen during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company projects that retail energy deliveries for 2023 will be between 2.5% and 3.0% above 2022 weather-adjusted levels, reflecting continued growth in industrial deliveries.
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ESSs supplied Direct Access customers with energy representing 11% of PGE’s total retail energy deliveries during 2022 and 2021. The maximum retail load allowed to be supplied under the fixed three-year and minimum five-year opt-out programs represent 12% of the Company’s total retail energy deliveries for 2022. With the adoption of the New Large Load Direct Access program in 2020, as much as 17% of the Company’s 2022 energy deliveries could have been supplied by ESSs.

Power operations—PGE utilizes a combination of its own generating resources and wholesale market transactions to meet the energy needs of its retail customers. Based on numerous factors, including plant availability, customer demand, river flows, wind conditions, and current wholesale prices, the Company continuously makes economic dispatch decisions in an effort to obtain reasonably-priced power for its retail customers. PGE also purchases wholesale natural gas in the United States and Canada to fuel its generating portfolio and sells excess gas back into the wholesale market. As a result, the amount of power generated and purchased in the wholesale market to meet the Company’s retail load requirement can vary from period to period and impacts NVPC and income from operations.

The following table provides information regarding the performance of the Company’s generation portfolio.
 
Plant availability (1)
Actual energy provided compared to projected levels (2)
Actual energy provided as a percentage of total retail load
 202220212022202120222021
Thermal:
Natural gas86 %89 %81 %114 %41 %48 %
Coal (3)
89 81 100 103 11 11 
Wind (4)
82 92 81 110 9 12 
Hydro 94 83 81 73 5 6 
(1)Plant availability represents the percentage of the year plants were available for operations, which is impacted by planned maintenance and forced, or unplanned, outages.
(2)Projected levels of energy are included as part of PGE’s AUT. Such projections establish the power cost component of retail prices for the following calendar year. Any shortfall is generally replaced with power from higher cost sources, while any excess generally displaces power from higher cost sources.
(3)Plant availability reflects Colstrip, which PGE does not operate.
(4)Plant availability includes Wheatridge, which PGE does not operate.

Energy received from PGE-owned and jointly-owned thermal plants in 2022 compared to 2021 decreased by 8%. This decrease is primarily related to PGE’s natural gas-fired plants which were displaced by higher hydroelectric generation and purchases, and economic dispatch decisions in response to higher natural gas prices. Energy expected to be received from thermal resources is projected annually in the AUT based on forecast market prices, variable costs to run the plant, and the constraints of the plant. PGE’s thermal generating plants require varying levels of annual maintenance, which is generally performed during the second quarter of the year.

Total energy received from all hydroelectric sources, both PGE-owned generation and purchased, increased 25% in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to increased runoff resulting from more favorable snowpack conditions. Energy received from mid-Columbia and other regional hydroelectric projects increased 31% while energy generated by the Company-owned facilities decreased 4% in 2022 largely as a result of PGE’s sale of 16.66% of its ownership interest in Pelton/Round Butte to the CTWS, effective January 1, 2022. PGE purchases 100% of the CTWS’s share of the project output. Energy expected to be received from hydroelectric resources is projected annually in the AUT based on a modified hydro study, which utilizes 80 years of historical stream flow data. See “Purchased power and fuel” in the Results of Operations section in this Item 7, for further detail on regional hydro results.

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Energy received from PGE-owned wind resources and under contracts decreased 22% in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to unplanned plant outages during the period. Energy expected to be received from wind generating resources is projected annually in the AUT based on historical generation. Wind generation forecasts are developed using a 5-year rolling average of historical wind levels or forecast studies when historical data is not available.

Under the PCAM, PGE may share with customers a portion of cost variances associated with NVPC. Customer prices can be adjusted annually to absorb a portion of the difference between the forecasted NVPC included in customer prices (baseline NVPC) and actual NVPC for the year, if such differences exceed a prescribed “deadband” limit, which ranges from $15 million below to $30 million above baseline NVPC. To the extent actual NVPC, subject to certain adjustments, is outside the deadband range, the PCAM provides for 90% of the excess variance to be collected from, or refunded to, customers. Pursuant to a regulated earnings test, a refund will occur only to the extent that it results in PGE’s actual regulated return on equity (ROE) for the given year being no less than 1% above the Company’s latest authorized ROE, while a collection will occur only to the extent that it results in PGE’s actual regulated ROE for that year being no greater than 1% below the Company’s authorized ROE. The following is a summary of the results of the Company’s PCAM as calculated for regulatory purposes for 2022 and 2021:
•For 2022, actual NVPC was above baseline NVPC by $23 million, which was within the established deadband range. Accordingly, no estimated collection from customers was recorded as of December 31, 2022. A final determination regarding the 2022 PCAM results will be made by the OPUC through a public filing and review in 2023.
•For 2021, actual NVPC was above baseline NVPC by $62 million, which was outside the established deadband range. Pursuant to the PCAM, as PGE’s preliminary regulatory ROE was below 8.5% pursuant to the related earnings test, as of December 31, 2021, PGE deferred $30 million, which represented 90% of the excess variance expected to be collected from customers. On October 24, 2022, PGE and Parties submitted a stipulation with the OPUC that resolved all matters related to the 2021 PCAM and resulted in a deferred balance as of December 31, 2022 of $28 million, including interest. The OPUC issued Order 22-440 approving the stipulation and amortization began January 1, 2023 over a two-year period. See “Power costs” within “Regulatory Matters” in this Overview section of Item 7 for more information.

The AUT filing, which serves to reset the baseline NVPC for PCAM purposes, indicated that a $64 million increase was expected in 2022 over 2021. The 2023 AUT anticipates a $186 million increase in NVPC that will be recovered in customer prices beginning January 1, 2023.


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Results of Operations

The following tables provide financial and operational information to be considered in conjunction with management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations.

The results of operations are as follows for the years presented (dollars in millions):
 Years Ended December 31,% Increase (Decrease)
 20222021
 AmountAmount
Total revenues
$2,647 $2,396 10 %
Operating expenses:
Purchased power and fuel988 822 20 
Generation, transmission and distribution348 310 12 
Administrative and other340 336 1 
Depreciation and amortization417 404 3 
Taxes other than income taxes157 146 8 
Total operating expenses2,250 2,018 11 
Income from operations397 378 5 
Interest expense, net *
156 137 14 
Other income:
Allowance for equity funds used during construction14 17 (18)
Miscellaneous income, net17 9 89 
Other income, net31 26 19 
Income before income taxes272 267 2 
Income tax expense39 23 70 
Net income$233 $244 (5)%
* Includes an allowance for borrowed funds used during construction of $7 million in 2022 and $8 million in 2021.

2022 Compared to 2021

Net income for 2022 decreased $11 million from 2021 as the impact of higher natural gas and electricity prices coupled with increased customer demand drove Purchased power and fuel expense up. Increases in Retail revenues were led by the increase in customer prices to cover anticipated higher net variable power costs, as authorized by the OPUC in the AUT, although such increase fell considerably short of covering the incremental expense that the Company experienced, as well as higher customer demand. Retail energy deliveries increased 3.4% as energy deliveries to Industrial cost-of-service customers increased 12.2% in 2022 compared to 2021. Retail revenues were impacted by a slightly lower average price mix in 2022 as a result of the increased demand in the industrial sector. Wholesale revenues were the largest contributor to higher revenues in 2022 as wholesale power prices rose considerably along with marginally greater volumes. Increases in Operating expenses reflect the impact of the earnings tests outlined in OPUC Order 22-129, expenses related to service restoration costs, and continued vegetation management activities.

Other income increased primarily due to a buyout of a retiree medical benefit plan in 2022, resulting in an $11 million settlement gain, partially offset by unfavorable market changes on the non-qualified benefit trust and lower AFUDC equity income on lower construction work-in-progress balances. Income taxes increased due primarily to higher Income before income tax expense combined with lower tax credits and a true up adjustment recorded in 2021 that reduced income tax expense.

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Total revenues consist of the following for the years presented (in millions):
20222021% Increase (Decrease)
Retail: *
Residential$1,158 $1,118 4 %
Commercial723 690 5 
Industrial289 250 16 
Direct Access35 47 (26)
Subtotal2,205 2,105 5 
Alternative revenue programs, net of amortization11 (29)(138)
Other accrued revenues, net7 2 250 
Total retail revenues2,223 2,078 7 
Wholesale revenues363 255 42 
Other operating revenues61 63 (3)
Total revenues$2,647 $2,396 10 %
*
Includes both revenues from customers who purchase their energy supplies from the Company and revenues from the delivery of energy to those customers that purchase their energy from ESSs. Commercial revenues from ESS customers were $12 million for 2022 and $18 million in 2021. Industrial revenues from ESS customers were $23 million and $29 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Total retail revenues—The following items contributed to the increase in Total retail revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):

Year ended December 31, 2021$2,078 
Change as a result of the AUT, approved by the OPUC (partially offset in Purchased power and fuel)69 
Retail energy deliveries driven by higher industrial demand, increase in customers, and the effects of weather66 
Alternative revenue programs related to the decoupling mechanism due primarily to prorated elimination of the mechanism in 2022 and anticipated refunds recorded in 202113 
Recovery in Revenues of storm related expenses9 
Combination of various supplemental tariffs and adjustments(2)
Average price of energy deliveries due primarily to shift in mix among customer classes resulting from increased industrial demand(10)
Year ended December 31, 20222,223 
Change in Total retail revenues$145 

Wholesale revenues result from sales of electricity to utilities and power marketers made in the Company’s efforts to secure reasonably priced power for its retail customers, manage risk, and administer its current long-term wholesale contracts. Such sales can vary significantly from year to year as a result of economic conditions, power and fuel prices, hydro and wind availability, and customer demand.

In 2022, a $108 million, or 42%, increase from 2021 in wholesale revenues resulted from a $106 million increase in average prices received when the Company sold power into the wholesale market. Although wholesale prices for electricity increased considerably during 2021 from the prior year, 2022 saw even higher prices. The higher sales prices in 2022 resulted from several factors including the overall economic recovery and macroeconomic factors impacting the energy commodity markets, although were driven largely by higher natural gas prices. In addition, sales volumes increased 1%, which contributed another $2 million.
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Other operating revenues decreased $2 million, or 3%, in 2022 from 2021, primarily as a result of market conditions in 2021 that allowed the Company to sell excess natural gas in excess of amounts needed for the Company’s generation portfolio back into the wholesale market at gains that have exceeded those experienced during 2022. The gains were considerably higher in early 2021 due in part to the impact of unusual weather events on the demand for natural gas.

Purchased power and fuel expense includes the cost of power purchased and fuel used to generate electricity to meet PGE’s retail load requirements, as well as the cost of settled electric and natural gas financial contracts.

The following items contributed to the increase in Purchased power and fuel for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions, except for average variable power cost per MWh):

Year ended December 31, 2021$822 
Average variable power cost per MWh13 
Total system load124 
2021 PCAM deferral29 
Year ended December 31, 2022988 
Change in Purchased power and fuel$166 
Average variable power cost per MWh:
Year ended December 31, 2021$33.63 
Year ended December 31, 2022$37.71 
Total system load (MWh in thousands):
Year ended December 31, 202125,295
Year ended December 31, 202226,215

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the $15 million increase related to the change in average variable power cost per MWh was primarily driven by a 5% increase in the average cost for purchased power, offset by a 13% decrease in the average cost of power from the Company’s own generation. The $124 million increase related to total system load was primarily due to a 23% increase in purchased power, driven largely by the economic displacement of gas facilities in 2022, offset by a 10% decrease in the company’s own generation.
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PGE’s sources of energy, total system load, and retail load requirement for the years presented are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 20222021
Sources of energy (MWh in thousands):
Generation:
Thermal:
Natural gas8,242 31 %9,306 37 %
Coal2,186 8 2,060 8 
Total thermal10,428 39 11,366 45 
Hydro1,027 4 1,073 4 
Wind1,765 7 2,316 9 
Total generation13,220 50 14,755 58 
Purchased power:
Hydro6,297 24 4,789 19 
Wind824 3 989 4 
Solar723 3 501 2 
Natural Gas33 — 63 — 
Waste, Wood and Landfill Gas168 1 167 1 
Source not specified4,961 19 4,031 16 
Total purchased power13,006 50 10,540 42 
Total system load26,226 100 %25,295 100 %
Less: wholesale sales(6,000)(5,946)
Retail load requirement20,226 19,349 

Purchased power in the table above includes power received from qualifying facilities under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
20222021
Sources of energy (MWhs in thousands):
PURPA purchased power:
Hydro36 15 
Wind25 30 
Solar588 472 
Waste, Wood, Landfill Gas, and Other101 102 
Total750 619 

The following table presents the forecasted April-to-September 2023 and actual April-to-September 2022 and 2021 runoff at particular points of major rivers relevant to PGE’s hydro resources:
Runoff as a Percent of Normal*
Location2023
Forecast		2022
Actual		2021
Actual
Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon83 %107 %82 %
Mid-Columbia River at Grand Coulee, Washington83 110 89 
Clackamas River at Estacada, Oregon90 139 70 
Deschutes River at Moody, Oregon78 92 84 
* Volumetric water supply forecasts and historical averages for the Pacific Northwest region are prepared by the Northwest River Forecast Center, with the Natural Resources Conservation Service and other cooperating agencies.

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Actual NVPC, which consists of Purchased power and fuel expense net of Wholesale revenues, increased $59 million in 2022 compared with 2021. The increase attributable to changes in Purchased power and fuel expense was the result of a 12% increase in the average variable power cost per MWh and a 4% increase in total system load. The increase in actual NVPC was also a result of the 41% higher average price per MWh sold and a 1% increase in the volume of wholesale energy deliveries.

The following items contributed to the increase in Actual NVPC for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 (in millions):

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